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DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF BODY
FLUID
DENNY AGUSTININGSIH
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BODY FLUIDS FUNCTIONS Main Functions:
Solvent
Transport
Other Functions:
Give shape and form to the cells
Regulate body temp.
Joint lubricant
Cushion body organs
Maintain peak performance
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In average young adult male:
% of body weightBody composition
18%Protein, & related substances
15%Fat
7%Mineral
60%Water
Body composition
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Factors affecting body fluids volume
Water intake & output Age:
- infant: 73%- elderly: 45%
Sex:- adult male: 60%- adult female: 40-50%
Body temperature healthy adult can sweat 1
liter/hr for 2 hrs (5% ofbody wt without problem)
perspire (1000cc wet sheet) Every degree F = 75 ml
increase/day in fluid needs
Obesity Climate Habits
Level of physical activity
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Body Fluid Compartments
Intracellular(ICF)
Extracellular(ECF)
Interstitial
Plasma
Figure 5-13: Body fluid compartments
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Total Body Fluid by Compartment
Total Body Water
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COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
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Normal Electrolytes Composition during
resting condition
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Differences between ECF & ICF
ECFAnions:Cl- (108)
HCO3-(24)
Cations:
Na+ (142mmol/L)
K+ (4.2)
Mg2+ (0.8)
Nutrients:
O2, glucose, fatty acids, &
amino acids.
Wastes:
CO2, Urea, uric acid,
excess water, & ions.
ICFAnions:Cl- (4)
HCO3-(10)Phosphate ions
Cations:
Na+
(14)
K+ (140)
Mg2+ (20)
Nutrients:
High concentrations of proteins.
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Daily Water Gain and Loss
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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HOMEOSTASIS Claude Bernard (1878): animals have 2 environments
- milieu exteriur : physically surrounds the wholeorganism
- milieu interieur : surrounds the tissue and cells of theorganism
organic liquid
homeostasis
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HOMEOSTASIS Parameters of the milieu interieur that must be tightly
controlled
- core temperatures
- levels of oxygen - glucose
- potassium ions
- calsium ions
- hydrogen ions
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TRANSPORT OF BODY WATER AND SOLUTE
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Volume ContractionIsotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic
ECF
ECF
ICFECF
ICF
Osmolality
Volume Expansion
Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic
ECF
ICFECF
ICFECF
ICF
Osmolal
ity
From H. Valtin
ICF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES INEXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME
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CONTROL OF WATER INTAKE
Primarily by THIRST
Stimuli:
1) Increased Osmolality
2) Decreased Arterial Pressure3) Decreased Blood Volume4) Angiotensin II
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HOW CAN WE FEEL THIRSTY?
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WHEN DO WE FEEL A SENSE OF THIRST ?
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Changes in the osmolality of
plasma lead toAVP secretionat a much lower thresholdthan they lead to thirst
Very small increases in AVPlead to very large changes in
urine volume
Thus the kidney is the firstline of defense against cellulardehydration
Ongoing behavior is notdisrupted by thirst unless thebuffering effects of osmosisand antidiureses areinsufficient
Osmotic homeostasis
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Series of Events in Water Intoxication
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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27_table_01
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Hormonal Regulation of Na+ and Cl-
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons Inc
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