Chapter 3 : Excretion 3.1 Human Excretion Human excretion Excretory organs and excretory products The importance of excretion 3.2 The Urinary Systems in Humans The human urinary system Structure of the kidney Function of the kidney Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys Living with kidney failure 3.3 Excretion in Plants Excretion in plants
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.1 Human Excretion
Excretion is a process which organisms undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy
The urinary system eliminates wastes from the blood and controls blood concentration by removing excess water produced by body cells via respiration
The three excretory organs of a human are skin, lungs and kidneys
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.1 Human Excretion
Skin Method of excretion : Produces sweat Excretory materials : Water, urea and mineral salts
Excretory organs and excretory products
Hair Sweat pore
Sweat duct
Sweat gland
Blood capillary
Menu Exit Forward Previous Continue BM Version
3.1 Human Excretion
Lungs Method of excretion : Releases water vapour Excretory materials : Water and carbon dioxide
Trachea Lungs
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Menu Exit Forward Previous Continue BM Version
3.1 Human Excretion
Kidneys Method of excretion : Produces urine Excretory materials : Water, urea and salts
Vena cava Aorta
Left kidney Right kidney
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.1 Human Excretion
To maintain health To regulate blood concentration To regulate body temperature
The importance of excretion
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.2 The Human Urinary System The human urinary system
Excretory organ that removes wastes from the blood into the urine
Kidney Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
Ureter
Temporary storage for the urine before removal
Bladder
Tube that carries urine from the bladder for removal
Urethra
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.2 The Urinary System in Humans
Structure of the kidney
Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system Human kidneys are bean-shaped and are reddish
brown
Renal artery
Capsule Cortex
Pelvis Renal artery Renal vein
Medulla
Ureter
Knot of blood capillaries
Tubule
Collecting duct
Impured blood
Cleaned blood
Renal vein
Ureter
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Functions of the kidney
To filter blood and remove urea, excess mineral salts and water to form urine
Keep the water and mineral contents of our body in balance
Control the amount of mineral salts in the body fluid
To maintain the pH of blood and tissue fluid
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys
To avoid kidney diseases and kidney failure Ways to maintain healthy kidney’s * Drinking plenty of water * Avoid taking food and medicine that harm the kidneys * Limiting salt and protein intake * Taking urine and blood tests
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Living with kidney failure
Two ways to treat kidney failure: * Dialysis (a) Carried out with the use of a machine (b) Blood is withdrawn from an artery in the arm or leg and is circulated through the machine before being returned to the same vein * Kidney transplant
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
3.3 Excretion in Plants Plants excrete water, mineral salts, oxygen,
carbon dioxide and other nitrogenous wastes Plants excrete their waste products by simple
diffusion through the cell wall and through the stomata
Mineral salts are remove mainly through crystal formation in the plant
Nitrogenous wastes in plants are normally removed as complex substances. These substances are removed when plants shed their flowers, leaves or bark
Menu Exit Forward Previous BM Version
Bab 3 : Perkumuhan 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan manusia Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan Kepentingan perkumuhan 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia Struktur ginjal Fungsi ginjal Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal 3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Perkumuhan dalam tumbuhan
Keluar Versi BI
3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan adalah proses menyingkirkan
bahan toksik daripada badan untuk mengekalkan kesihatan sebarang organisma
Sistem urinari menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah dan mengawal kepekatan darah dengan menyingkirkan lebihan air yang terhasil oleh sel badan melalui respirasi
Tiga organ perkumuhan manusia ialah kulit, peparu dan ginjal
Keluar Versi BI
3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia
Kulit Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan peluh Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam mineral
Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan
Rambut Liang peluh
Salur peluh
Kelenjar peluh
Kapilari darah
Keluar Versi BI
3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia
Peparu Kaedah perkumuhan : Membebaskan wap air Bahan kumuh : Air dan karbon
dioksida
Trakea Peparu
Bronkus
Bronkiol
Alveolus
Keluar Versi BI
3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia
Ginjal Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan air kencing Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam
Vena kava Aorta
Ginjal kiri Ginjal kanan
Keluar Versi BI
3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia
Mengekalkan kesihatan Mengawal kepekatan darah Mengawal suhu badan
Kepentingan perkumuhan
Keluar Versi BI
3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia
Organ perkumuhan yang menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah ke dalam air kencing
Ginjal Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada ginjal ke pundi kencing
Ureter
Simpanan sementara bagi air kencing sebelum disingkirkan
Pundi kencing
Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada pundi kencing untuk disingkirkan
Uretra
Keluar Versi BI
3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Struktur ginjal
Ginjal adalah organ utama sistem urinari Ginjal manusia berbentuk kacang dang merah
keperangan
Arteri ginjal
Kapsul Kortex
Pelvis Arteri ginjal Vena ginjal
Medulla
Ureter
Knot kapilari darah
Tubul
Salur pengumpul
Darah tidak tulen
Darah bersih
Vena ginjal
Ureter
Keluar Versi BI
3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Fungsi ginjal
Menapis darah dan menyingkir urea, garam mineral berlebihan dan air yang membentuk air kencing
Memastikan air dan mineral dalam badan kita seimbang
Mengawal jumlah garam mineral dalam aliran badan
Mengekalkan pH darah dan aliran tisu
Keluar Versi BI
3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat
Mengelakkan penyakit ginjal dan kegagalan ginjal Cara mengekalkan kesihatan ginjal * Minum banyak air putih * Mengelakkan pengambilan makanan dan ubatan yang berbahaya kepada ginjal * Mengehadkan pengambilan garam dan protein * Mengambil ujian darah dan air kencing
Keluar Versi BI
3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal
Dua cara merawat kegagalan ginjal : * Dialisis (a) Mengeluarkan dengan menggunakan mesin (b) Darah dikeluarkan daripada arteri di lengan atau kaki dan diedarkan melalui mesin sebelum dikembalikan ke vena yang sama * Pemindahan ginjal
Keluar Versi BI
3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan air, garam mineral,
oksigen, karbon dioksida dan buangan bernitrogen yang lain
Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan bahan buangannya dengan cara pembauran ringkas melalui dinding sel dan stoma
Garam mineral disingkirkan melalaui pembentukan hablur dalam tumbuhan
Bahan bernitrogen dalam tumbuhan biasanya disingkirkan sebagai bahan komples,. Bahan-bahan ini disingkirkan apabila tumbuhan menggugurkan bunganya, daun atau kulit kayunya
Keluar Versi BI
Top Related