Download - Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

Transcript
Page 1: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

Bloodborne Pathogens and

Communicable Diseases

2012

Page 2: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

2

WHEN YOU START TO THINK THIS LECTURE IS

BORING, REMEMBER…

YOU CAN GET SICK AND DIE,

SO PAY ATTENTION!

Page 3: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

3

Training Objectives

• Educate CMT employees in bloodborne

pathogens seen by EMS workers in the field

• Discuss methods of protecting CMT employees

from bloodborne pathogens

• Provide information to allow the CMT employee

to make an educated decision about the HBV

vaccination

• Discuss the OSHA standard on bloodborne

pathogens

• Discuss CMT’s methods of compliance with the

OSHA Standard

Page 4: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

4

Definitions (From OSHA)

• Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

present in human blood and can cause disease in

humans

• Exposure Incident- specific eye, mouth, mucous

membrane, non-intact skin or parenteral contact

with blood or OPIM that results from the

performance of a member’s duties

• Parenteral- piercing mucous membranes or the

skin barrier through such events as needle sticks,

human bites, cuts, and abrasions

Page 5: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

5

Definitions (Continued)

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)- specialized

clothing or equipment worn by a member for protection

against a hazard. General work clothes (uniforms,

jumpsuits, etc.) not intended to function as protection

against a hazard are not PPE.

• Universal Precautions- an approach to infection control

where all human blood and certain human body fluids are

treated as if known to be infectious

• Body Substance Isolation (BSI)- a form of infection

control based on the presumption that all body fluids are

infectious. BSI calls for always using appropriate barriers to

infection at an emergency scene, such as gloves, goggles,

face shields, gowns, and protective eyewear.

Page 6: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

6

Definitions (Con’t)

• Exposure Control Plan (ECP)- agency’s plan to

eliminate or minimize exposure

• Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM)-

• the following human body fluids: semen, vaginal

secretions, CSF, synovial fluid, pleural, pericardial,

peritoneal, amniotic, saliva (dental procedures), any

bodily fluids contaminated with blood, any fluid that

cannot be differentiated between fluid types.

• Any unfixed tissue or organ from a human (living or

dead)

Page 7: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

7

Definitions (Final)

• Contaminated Laundry- laundry which has been

soiled with blood or OPIM or may contain sharps

• Contaminated Sharps- any contaminated object

that can penetrate the skin including needles,

scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and

exposed ends of dental wire

Page 8: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

8

OSHA Standard

• Exposure Control Plan – Identifies job/procedures with identified risks

– Schedule for implementing provisions

• All provisions have been implemented

– Procedure for investigation and follow-up

– Plan is accessible to all employees

– Annual review by EHSO

Page 9: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

9

OSHA Standard (Con’t)

• Initial training upon employment

• Annual re-training required

• Training in: – OSHA Standard

– Bloodborne Diseases and Transmission

– Exposure Control Plan

– Work Practices and PPE use

– HBV Vaccine

– Exposure recording and follow-up

Page 10: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

10

OSHA Standard (Con’t)

• Methods of compliance

– Universal Precautions

– Engineering and work practice controls

– Hand washing

– PPE/BSI

– Written cleaning schedule

– Sharps and regulated waste disposal

Page 11: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

11

OSHA Standard (Con’t)

• Record keeping

– OSHA mandates

• Types of records to be kept

• Duration of storage

• Disposal of records

• Hazard Communication

– Warning labels required (BioHazard) or

– Red Bio hazard bags instead of labels

Page 12: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

12

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

• Effective March 6th, 1992

• Purpose – Limit the occupational exposure to blood and other

potentially infectious material (OPIM)

• Scope – Covers all members who could be “reasonably

anticipated” as a result of performing their duties to face

contact with blood and OPIM

– Everyone who works for CMT or rides as an observer or

student are “reasonably anticipated” to contact blood

and OPIM.

Page 13: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

13

BBP Standard (Con’t)

• Mandates of the standard – Exposure Control Plan (ECP) prevention

program

– Work place engineering to prevent exposure

– HBV vaccine provided by CMT

– Medical evaluation/follow up

– Training of employees

– Record keeping

Page 14: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

14

PPE and BSI

• Use as little or as much as you feel the

situation dictates

• During all patient care EXAMINATION

GLOVES WILL BE WORN!

• CMT provides all PPE. You do not pay

for any of it. CMT replaces it when it

becomes worn or soiled

Page 15: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

15

PPE/BSI (Con’t)

• CMT provides the following

– Non-sterile, non-latex exam gloves in

four sizes

– Pre-packaged PPE kits containing

• Golves

• Mask

– Hand sanitizer on all ambulances

– Soap at the bases

Page 16: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

16

A word on hand-sanitizer

before we continue...

- For immediate, short term use

- Not suitable as a substitute for hand washing

-You still need to wash your hands thoroughly as

soon as possible

Page 17: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

17

Sharps Disposal

• DO NOT RECAP SHARPS

• CMT uses several types of sharps for

BLS and ALS purposes – IV Angiocaths

– Glucose testing lancets

– Epi-Pens

• CMT provides sharps containers on

all ambulances… Use them! – $70,000.00 per improperly disposed sharp

Page 18: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

18

Two Major Definitions

• Infectious

– An illness that is caused by the body's

rejection of a virus, fungi, or parasite

• Communicable

– Able to spread from one person to another

A disease can be infectious and

not communicable at the same time

Page 19: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

19

Infectious Material

• Primary Risks

– Blood

– Semen

– Vaginal Secretions

• Secondary Risks

– Synovial (joint)

fluid

– Cardiac fluid

(other than blood))

– Abdominal and

stomach fluid

– Pulmonary fluids

– Spinal fluid

– Amniotic fluid

Page 20: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

20

Other Potentially Infectious

Material (OPIM)

• Tears

• Sweat

• Saliva

• Urine

• Stool

• Vomit

• Nasal secretions

• Sputum

Page 21: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

21

Modes of Transmission

• Direct contact – straight from person to person, exchange of blood or body fluids

ex: blood splash into the eyes

• Indirect contact – person to object; infection can spread by touching surfaces that have been contaminated with the bacteria or virus

ex: Loading stretcher into ambulance and not removing contaminated gloves before touching steering wheel of ambulance

touching a contaminated needle

Page 22: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

22

Direct Contact

• Bloodborne

• Airborne

• Occult

– Occult means “hidden”

– “Occult blood” is blood hidden inside

some other material

• Idiopathic

– Fancy medical word meaning “We

don’t have a clue!”

Page 23: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

23

Indirect Transmission

• Vehicle-borne

– The transfer of an infectious agent to a

host via contaminated items such as

water, food, milk, or biological

products, such as blood, tissues, and

organs.

• Vector-borne

– The transfer of infectious

microorganisms from an infected host

via an insect or arthropod.

Page 24: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

24

Methods to Reduce Exposure

• Engineering Controls

– Devices that may be used to eliminate,

minimize, or reduce occupational

exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

• Work Practice Controls

– Practices and procedures that reduce or

eliminate the chance of occupational

exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Page 25: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

25

Examples

• Engineering Controls

– Sharps containers

– Self capping needles

– PPE

• Work Practice Controls

– Decontaminating work area

– Frequent hand washing

– Consistent use of PPE

Page 26: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

26

Practices Protect Yourself

• Wash your hands

• Wear PPE

• Avoid contact with broken skin or

mucous membranes

• Wash your hands

• Did I mention… wash your hands

Page 27: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

27

Practices

• All infectious materials go into a red

biohazard bag. No one is to remove

anything from a biohazard bag.

• All infectious sharps go into a red sharps

container. No one is to remove anything

from a sharps container. Sharps containers

are located on the ambulance and ALS

Bag.

Page 28: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

28

Bio-Hazard Disposal

• All bio-hazard bags can be disposed

of at the hospital in designated bins

• All sharps containers are to be sealed

using 3” tape and labeled “CMT”

• Sharps containers are also disposed

of at the hospital

Page 29: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

29

Bio-Hazard Bag Portable Sharps Wall Mounted

Container Sharps Container

Page 30: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

30

Practices (Con’t)

• Hand washing is required after the

completion of all patient care.

• Hand washing is the best way to avoid

infection.

• No food, drink, smoking, application of

cosmetics, or handling of contact lenses is

permitted in any Patient Care Area.

• Mouth Pipeting/Suctioning is prohibited.

Page 31: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

31

Practices (Con’t)

• Disinfecting materials are provided on the

Ambulance and in the stations. The

materials are:

• Lysol

• Disposable paper towels

• 5:1 Water and bleach can be substituted

• Annual Training

Page 32: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

32

DISEASES

Know your enemy

Page 33: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

33

Hepatitis-B

• Virus that attacks the liver

• Those with HBV infection are

divided into two categories. Both are

equally able to infect you • Carrier- non-acute patient with virus in blood

• Acute- virus in blood and is symptomatic

Page 34: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

34

Hepatitis-B

• HBV can survive outside of the body for quite

some time

• Up to 14 days in a dried drop of blood

• Compared to HIV that dies instantly outside its

environment

• HBV is not airborne

• You cannot “catch” HBV from casual contact

• There is a vaccine to protect you from HBV

• HBV is a larger risk than HIV to the healthcare

provider!

Page 35: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

35

Hepatitis-B

• Each year over 12,500 Health Care

workers acquire this disease as a result of

their job

• Each year more than 500 Health Care

workers die as a result of this disease

• 50 to 60% of infected individuals do not

know they have the disease

Page 36: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

36

Hepatitis-B

• Begins with flu like symptoms

• Smokers loose the desire to smoke

• Yellow skin, eyes itching, dark urine and

white colored stool

• Some individuals may only have flu like

symptoms or be completely asymptomatic

Page 37: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

37

HBV Vaccine

• Vaccinations available to all members at risk

• Vaccine provided within three days of hire

• CMT provides the vaccine, free to you

• You may decline the offer

• A declination form is required if declining

• Can be received at any time if initially

declined (notify EHSO in writing)

• Booster now recommended between 5-10

years

Page 38: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

38

HBV Vaccine Facts

• Vaccine is created through genetic

engineering. • No live or dead vaccine is injected into you.

• You cannot “catch” HBV from the vaccine

• Three IM Injections • Day 1, Day 30, and Day 180

• Some side effects are • 1% will have a sore arm (like a tetanus shot), fatigue,

and headache

• Itchiness or bump at the injection site

• Allergic Reaction- Vaccine is contraindicated if you are

allergic to yeast

Page 39: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

39

HIV/AIDS

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• HIV is the virus that causes Acquired

Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Those with HIV Infection may have no

symptoms, some symptoms, or may have

full blown AIDS

• HIV destroys the body’s immune system,

causing death by other diseases that the

body would naturally fight off

Page 40: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

40

HIV/AIDS

• HIV cannot survive outside the body for a long

period of time. When the virus contacts a dry

environment, it loses the ability to infect you

• HIV is not airborne and cannot infect you through

everyday contact

• HIV cannot survive outside the body for a long

period of time. When the virus contacts a dry

environment, it loses the ability to infect you

• HIV is not airborne and cannot infect you through

everyday contact

Page 41: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

41

HIV/AIDS

• Antibodies are formed six to twelve (6-12)

weeks after infection. The AIDS test looks

for these antibodies, not the virus itself

• No anti-virus, no vaccine and no cure

• There are a SMALL NUMBER of

healthcare providers who have contracted

HIV infection through their duties as

compared to HBV

Page 42: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

42

HIV 0.4%

HBV 30.00%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Percent

Risk of Infection Post Needle Stick

Page 43: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

43

Contracting HBV and HIV

• Neither of these viruses are airborne. You

cannot catch them through routine contact

• You can contract the virus if

• You suffer a needle stick from an infected sharp

(0.4% for HIV, 6-30% for HBV)

• Infected material comes in contact with your broken

or non-intact skin (chapped, abrased, etc.)

• Infected material comes in contact with your

mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth

Page 44: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

44

Hepatitis-C

• Unrelated to Hepatitis B

• Viral disease

• Transmitted by blood, needle stick, and sex

• WILL BEGIN WITH SAME

SYMPTOMS AS HEPATITIS B

• Only 25 % of infected individuals will

show signs or symptoms

Page 45: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

45

Hepatitis-C

• Incubation period is up to 200 days

• NO VACCINE FOR PROTECTION

• 4 to 8 % of infected individuals are health

care workers

• NO CURE AT THIS TIME

Page 46: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

46

Tuberculosis

• Airborne virus attacking respiratory

system

• Historically called “Consumption”

– Tudors: Princess Margaret (Henry

VIII’s sister)

– Moulin Rouge: Kidman’s character dies

of tuberculosis toward the end of the

movie

Page 47: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

47

Tuberculosis

• Groups with high risk

– HIV patients

– Nursing home residents

– Immigrants

– Refugees

– Homeless

– Inmates

Page 48: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

48

TB Exposure Risk

• Dependant on

– Time spent with the infected individual

– Adequate ventilation

– preventive measures used

• Filter Mask

• Double mask, caregiver and patient

Page 49: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

49

TB Signs and Symptoms

• Weight loss

• Night sweats

• Swollen lymph glands

• Cough ( may be productive )

• Positive skin test

Page 50: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

50

TB (Con’t)

• INH is the drug used to prevent

disease development

• Multi-drug resistant TB can develop

– has been identified in up to 20 states

– Occurs when a patient fails to take all of

their recommended drug regimen

– LIFE EXPECTANCY IS ONLY 16

WEEKS AFTER CONTRACTING

DISEASE

Page 51: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

51

Meningitis

• Inflammation of the protective membranes

covering the brain and spinal cord, known

collectively as the meninges.

• May be caused by infection with viruses,

bacteria, or other microorganisms.

• Can be life-threatening because of the

inflammation's proximity to the brain and

spinal cord; therefore the condition is

classified as a medical emergency.[1][3]

Page 52: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

52

Meningitis

• Signs and Symptoms – Headache and neck stiffness associated with fever

– Confusion or altered level of consciousness

– Vomiting

– Inability to tolerate light (photophobia) or loud noises

(phonophobia)

– Sometimes, especially in small children, only

nonspecific symptoms may be present, such as

irritability and drowsiness.

– If a rash is present, it may indicate a particular cause of

meningitis; for instance, meningitis caused by

meningococcal bacteria may be accompanied by a

characteristic rash.[

Page 53: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

53

Meningitis

• Modes of transmission

– Direct contact with respiratory

secretions

– Physical skin contact

• Treatment only available for

bacterial, but not viral

Page 54: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

54

Determining a True Exposure

• Two questions will determine whether or

not an exposure has occurred: – Is the fluid I came in contact with blood, semen,

vaginal secretions, or any other body fluid containing

blood?

– Did the fluid enter my body by a needle-stick, non-

intact skin, laceration from a contaminated object,

through my eyes, nose, or mouth?

• Both answers must be yes in order for an

exposure to have occurred

Page 55: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

55

If You Are Exposed

• Notify dispatcher immediately

• Finish you call, and disinfect your

ambulance if needed

• You will be send to the local primary

care or ER.

Page 56: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

56

Post Exposure Evaluation

• Available to all exposed members

• Confidential medical evaluation

• Incident Report filed as soon as possible

after exposure

• May include

– Several office visits

– Re-vaccination

– Prophylactic medications

Page 57: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

57

Final Thoughts

• Protect yourself well

• Don’t fall victim to bad (and dangerous) habits

• Don’t go home with anything you didn’t come

to work with

Page 58: Bloodborne Pathogens and Communicable Diseases 2012cmtems.com/quiz/tests/Bloodborne.Pathogens.2012.pdf · 4 Definitions (From OSHA) • Bloodborne Pathogen- microorganisms that are

58

QUESTIONS

?