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BIRTH, DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF
EXTRADOSED BRIDGES
AKIO KASUGA
SUMITOMO MITSUI CONSTRUCTIONJAPAN
Birth
2
Mathivat’s Paper (FIP Note,1988)
Seminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019 SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTION
Span Length VS Average Depth of Concrete
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Span Length VS Tendon Weight
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
■ エクストラドーズド橋
▲ 斜張橋
◆ 箱桁橋
Cost Comparison
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Odawara Blueway Bridge (1994)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Development of Saddle & Extradosed Cable System
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
✓ No saddle system was available.✓ New saddle system fixed at both ends was developed.✓ Epoxy coated strand was used as extradosed cables.
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HDR
Development of High Damping Rubber Damper
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
✓ After Odawara, HDR damper was widely used all over the world.
LD : Logarithmic Decrement
kopt k
LD
LDmax
Development of High Damping Rubber Damper
w/o Damper (LD = 0.002)
w/ Dampers 1st Mode (2.57Hz, LD = 0.068)
2nd Mode (5.14Hz, LD = 0.062)
3rd Mode (7.71Hz, LD = 0.061)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Development
Tsukuhara Bridge (1997)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Δϭ ≤ 50N/mm2
Fretting Fatigue Test of Saddle
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Ibigawa Bridge (2001)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Fabrication Yard(100,000m2)
Lifting of Stell Girder(2000t)
Segment(400t)
Lifting Traveler
Construction of Ibigawa Bridge
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Shin-Meisei Bridge (2004)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Horizontal Tension :SteelVertical Compression:Steel & Concrete
Development of Steel Box Anchorage for Pylon
Concrete after Completion
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Himi Bridge (2004, Corrugated Steel Web)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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12950
85002225 2225
4000
Steel Diaphragm of Himi Bridge for Corrugated Steel Web
Stay Cable Anchorage in Girder
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Loading
Bearing Bram
Girder
Extradosed Cable
Half Size Model Test
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
DISPLACEMENT (mm)
LO
AD
(kN
)
Non-linear 2D Frame Analysis
Non-linear 3D FEM Analysis
Test Results
Test Results
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Fudo Bridge (2010, Composite Truss)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Test for Truss Connection (Half Size)
2000
425
100014
25
1000
1160
34003700
500
500
350
14221232
2873
1701240
200
150300 320
250
2400
図-5 実験供試体構造図
反
力
壁
載荷荷重
スライドレール
斜材張力
引張材 圧縮材
Stay Cable Force
Horizontal Force
TensionCompression
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
孔あき鋼板ジベル
十字リブ
スパイラル筋
コンクリート充填部
Rib Plate
Concrete Dowel
Spiral Bar
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
曲げモーメント (kN・m)
水平載荷荷重 (kN)
圧縮側 引張側計算値回転バネ
2500kNm/rad
計算値 剛結
Secondary Bending Moment (kNm)
Ho
rizo
nta
l Lo
ad (
kN)
Compression Member Tension Member
Rigid Connection
Rotational Spring
(2500kNm/rad)
Perforated Dowell Connection
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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コンクリート充填部
ねじふし鉄筋
定着プレート
ナット
ナット
NutBearing Plate
Re-bar
Nut
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
鋼管曲げモーメント (kN・m)
水平載荷荷重 (kN)
計算値回転バネ1000kNm/rad
計算値 剛結
圧縮側 引張側Compression Member Tension Member
Rotational Spring
(1000kNm/rad)
Rigid Connection
Secondary Bending Moment (kNm)
Ho
rizo
nta
l Lo
ad (
kN)
Re-bar Connection
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
EDB with Composite Truss Girder
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SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
EDB with Composite Truss Girder
EDB with Composite Truss Girder
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Bridge Type Axial Force
(A) Girder Bridge (max.span : 43m)
Average thickness of concrete t=370mm
1380kN
(B) Extradosed Bridge (max.span : 120m)
Average thickness of concrete t=440mm
1590kN
Axial Forces in Truss
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Bridge Type Axial Force
(C) Extradosed Bridge (max.span : 250m)
Average thickness of concrete t=670mm
1420kN
(D) Cable Stayed Bridge (max.span : 320m)
Average thickness of concrete t=380mm
1590kN
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Axial Forces in Truss
Composite truss can make axial forces constant in all
span range!
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SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Mukogawa Bridge (2016)
Mukogawa Bridge (2016)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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✓ Structural Behavior of Butterfly Web = Double Warren Truss
Structural Behavior of Butterfly Web Bridge
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Construction of Mukogawa Bridge
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Basic design (101 segments)
Detail design (54 segments)
✓ Number of days required for cantilever construction reduced.✓ The weight of superstructure was reduced up to 20% from the basic design.
Effects of the Extradosed Structure with Butterfly Webs
15 segments for cantilever erection 14 segments for cantilever erection
8 segments for cantilever erection 8 segments for cantilever erection
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Natural periodLongitudinal
(temporary)
Transverse
(temporary)
Basic plan (s) 1.59 2.90
Detail design (s) 2.29 3.82
✓ Total weight of super- and sub-structures was reduced by about 35%.
Basic design
Detail design
Effects of the Extradosed Structure with Butterfly Webs
P1P4 P3 P2
D≦5.0m
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Bending moment at the bottom of the piers
Ratios of flexural rigidity (EI) to height (h) of the piers
Improved seismic performance
0.0E+00
5.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.5E+06
2.0E+06
2.5E+06
P4 P3 P2 P1
Basic plan
Detail design
M(k
N・m
)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
P4 P3 P2 P1
Basic planDetail design
(※)Ratio of each pier w ith P3 as 1.0
EI/h
Effects of the Extradosed Structure with Butterfly Webs
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTION
Basic designBasic design
Seminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
2.0m
Construction of Piers
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Construction of Superstructure
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Tower Detail
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Mukogawa Bridge
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Specifications for CSB & EDB by JPCI
(2009) (2012)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Strand System
Wire System
70
ΔσL (N/mm2)
0.4 fpu
130100
0.6 fpu
fpa Strand System
Wire System
70
ΔσL (N/mm2)
0.4 fpu
130100
0.6 fpu
fpa
Allowable Stress of Stay Cables
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
EDBs have been extended after Odawara
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SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
US Mission for EDB
2000
1750
3000
3000
200200100 1000 1000 100
200200
3000
325
1100
325
1750
Development of Cable Stay Anchorage (Concrete Type)
Bar φ32mm
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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1300
625
1450
3400
Steel plate t=100mm
鉄筋ジベルD25
Bar φ32mm
Development of Cable Stay Anchorage (Single Steel Plate Type)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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00
13658601365
10
00
3590
Steel plate t=40mm
Re-bar D25
Development of Cable Stay Anchorage (Double Steel Plate Type)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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2000
1365
1000
3590
Stud φ19
Development of Cable Stay Anchorage (Advanced Steel Plate Type)
Steel plate t=40mm
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
New Saddle (Chao Phraya River Crossing Bridge)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Future
Future Application of Butterfly Web Bridge
500m multi-span cable-stayed type
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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500m multi-span extradosed type
Future Application of Butterfly Web Bridge
✓30% Opening leads to good performance in wind tunnel test.
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
(30% opening)
Girder Configuration
Wind Tunnel test
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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- Girder Heaving 1st Mode : 3.13 sec- Girder Torsional 1st Mode : 1.47 sec- Logarithmic Decrement : 0.004
Photo : Kyoto University
Wind Tunnel Test Setup (1/100)
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Conventional Web Butterfly Web
No vortex shedding
Flexural Vibration Test
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Torsional Vibration : 2 degrees25m-sec
Torsional Flutter : 60m-sec
Torsional Vibration : 1 degrees25m-sec
Torsional Flutter : 90m-sec
Conventional Web Butterfly Web
Torsional Vibration Test
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Conventional Box Girder
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Butterfly Web Girder
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Stay Cable Stress Change due to Live Load
✓ Structural behavior can be simulated by NLFEM
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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___________________________________________________________
CSB EDB ___________________________________________________________
Concrete Girder m3 48900 43700 Pylon m3 18500 14400
Rebar ton 15960 13410 Prestressing steel ton 259 261 Stay cables ton 6030 6300 ___________________________________________________________
Comparison of Material Quantities
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
800m-span hybrid cable supported bridge (Extradosed + Suspension)
Future Application of Butterfly Web Bridge
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Unit Case 1 Case 3
Stay Cable t 2,873 2,536
Main Cable t 11,170 5,639
Hanger t 55 29
PC tendon t 541 505
Total t 14,639 8,709
Comparison of Material Quantities
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
Concluding Remarks
➢ The extradosed bridge enables engineers to apply consistent design principles to cable-stayed bridges and ordinary girder bridges.
➢ Proposed stay cable design method is effective in consistent design approach.
➢ The extradosed bridge greatly increases the degree of freedom for the design of cable-supported structures.
SUMITOMO MISTUI CONSTRUCTIONSeminar in BUT / Budapest / 19 September 2019
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Thank you for your attention
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