Abhishek
Agarwal
IIT Kharagpur
• Introduction of the project
• Field Survey
• Project Engineering
• Requirement (Technical Details)
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Engineering Design
Content
Welcome to the ‘Biogas as a source of energy in rural India’ Report
The Understanding of rural need and complete study is based on village Balrampur, which served as
laboratory.
This report focuses on the Biogas in Balrampur and consists
• Detailed Data: A deep dive on Key Facts & analysis, Plan Layout, Production Procedure, Problems /
Unmet needs, Biogas Attribute Importance, Details of concept, Details of raw material, Machine and
Water Usage, Working Capital and Financial Feasibility analysis.
Introduction
Programme Objectives & Methodology
• 50 Families who used at least once firewood cooking yesterday
• Rural sample only
• Aged 18-65
• Hard quotas on age, region, social grade and working status to reflect the nationally representative profile of people.
• Living Standard Measure used to identify people.
• House selected on Ad-hoc basis
August - October 2014
Sample Definition
Field Work Period
LSM 1-3
LSM 7-9
Avg. no ofDurablesOwned (out of 51)
House, Water & Electricity
LSM 13-15
LSM 19 45
Global LSM Hierarchy of
Ownership
• Electricity
Home Convenience Entertainment & Communication Mobility
• TV (Colour)• Electric iron
• Municipal water
supply to taps
inside
• Electric fan
• Refrigerator
• Pressure cooker
• Telephone
• DVD Player
• Microwave oven
• Fridge Freezer
• Vacuum cleaner
• Electric Kettle
• Electric Mixer
• Hi-fi stereo
• Video player
• Stand alone radios
• PC/desktop computers
• Still cameras digital
• Personal CD/ cassette player
• Motor car
• Bicycle/manual cycle rickshaw
• Gas supply (piped
directly into home)
• Central heating
• Truck/ pick-up/ utility/ bakkie/tractor
• Two wheeled motorised vehicle• Air conditioning
• Electronic home security system
• Washing machine
• Cooker
• Tumble dryer
• Dishwashing
machine
• Fax machine
• Docking station
• Home cinema/ theatre/ entertainment centre
• Still cameras: non-digital
• Video cameras
• Mobile Phones/ car phones
• DVD recorder
• Electronic car navigation system
• Radio clocks
• Laptop
• MP3 player/ ipod
• Mobile phone with email
• LCD/Plasma
• Gaming console
23
32
1
4
8
11
16
• Electric deep fat fryer
• Separate deep freezer
• Water filtering device
• Portable air conditioner
• Water purification device
Options Vs. Factors
SafetyVolatility in
global pricesSupply
ConsistencyAffordability
Sustainability
Score
Import of O&G 10
Wood 13
Nuclear Power 13
LPG Sources 14
Domestic Biogas
Production18
Energy Security
Energy is a lifeline
Sudden increase in
Global Prices
Supply Consistency
E&P Policy Objectives
Energy Security
Energy Access
Climate Change
“We need to graduate from energy security to energy independence”
Three Factors definesEnergy Security whichin-turn affect the E&PPolicy Objectives
• Equal weightages has been givento all the criteria of selection
• Continuous use of firewood foundto be least sustainable in long run
• LPG lags behind in safety duringproduction and usage
• Renewable source supply areconsistent and affordable
• Domestic Production is a clearcut winner with the highestscore
Energy Security
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Energy Matrix : Options available Vs. Criteria of Selections
Process Engineerin
g
Process engineering focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimizationof chemical, physical, and biological processes
Process engineering of Bio gas plant incorporates five major aspects
Process Engineering
Preliminary Information
Production Program year wise
Operational and
Maintenance
Details of Raw materials
Machineries
Preliminary Information
Finance sources
Biogas Development and Training Centers (BDTCs)
Private Entrepreneurs
NGOs
Bank loans
Specialized government agencies which already involved in the biogas program have adequate capacity to develop projects based on carbon credit financing
Financial help from banks can be avail by taking loans for biogas plants which are covered under ‘priority lending’ schemes of the Government
Preliminary Information
Finance sources
Clearance
Clearance from various Govt. agencies along with registration and NOC from various organizations need to sanctioned prior to establishment of plant
Various agencies and organizations
NOC
Panchayat
Municipality
clearance
Land clearance State Govt.
Registration
IT Board
ST Board
Pollution Board
Environmental clearance process in India
Site Selection
Conduct EIA
Apply for NOC
SPCB arrange for Public Hearing
Project Proponent apply for Environment clearance, submitting required documents [ EIA report, NOC from
SPCB, etc.]
Review by Environmental Appraisal Committee
RejectedAcceptedChange suggested
Operation and
maintenance
Transport of Raw materials
FermenterBiogas
Generation
Distribution of Biogas
Manure and dung
Foodstuff remnants, fats
or sludge
Renewable resources corn, beets or grass
Raw materials
• Distribution and supply of biogas can be done best byopening a fueling center where people can come onregular basis and refill their cylinders
• For maintenance plant need to be shutdown at regularduration in a year, proper cleaning and equipmentcheckup should be done by engineers form outside thisall will insure higher operating efficiency in long run
Operating and maintenance staff can de recruitedfrom rural only (utilizing human resources) and theirbriefing and training can be done from experts untilthey are self sufficient in operating and maintainingplant
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Total Population of the Balarampur village 30000
No. of persons in every Household 4
Total No. of Households 7500
Ratio of Household to Cattle 2:1
Total No. of Cattle 3750
Estimated Dung production per Cattle 4.5 kg/head/day
Amount of manure produced daily 16875 kg/day
Actual weight of slurry recoverable 10125 kg/day
Volume of biogas produced by a 6m3 digester 3.5 m3/day
Calorific Value of Biogas 20 MJ/m3
Joules available per household per day 0.07 MJ/m3
Instead of installing a big plant, we can install plants of size around 6 m3
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO
GAS PLANT
Construction of the plant Wage and Material cost Redemption and Interest
Daily requirement of firewood per Household 2.5 Kg / day / Household
Cost of Firewood INR 1.3 / kg
Total Cost of Firewood purchased INR 3.25 / day / Household
Material INR 16398.75
Labour INR 10928.66
Monthly Maintenance Cost INR 1639.87
Technical Services INR 1147.92
Total INR 29485.20
Certain assumptions regarding the cost analysis of bio gas plant:
Operating costs and maintenance cost (Monthly)• Staff cost for Fault diagnosis, regular check, training on biogas technology• Costs for maintenance materials and change of spare parts
For example, a reasonably conservative estimate for maintenance costs would be 5-10 percent of the investment cost.
Labour costs are also difficult to calculate in the case of household units since the normal operation of the biogas system isundertaken by the family members themselves.
Technical services is another difficult item to estimate. Generally, this cost is borne by the government, and as such would beaccounted for in the social cost-benefit analysis. This would be around 5-7 percent of the investment cost as the extension expense.
For a 6.5 m3 digester Biogas Plant
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO
GAS PLANT
WHY BIOGAS PLANT ?
Biogas Plant
Beneficiary Villager : Health, Time,
Money, Convenience
Village Co-operative :
Revenue
Village : Cleanliness & Hygiene,
Employment generation
Environment : Clean fuel, Proper
Waste disposal
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