Biofuels and CarbonChad KrugerBIOAg EducatorCtr. For Sustaining Ag & Natural Resources
UW Program on Climate Change Summer Inst.September 22, 2006A viable energy strategy for reducing carbon emissions? . . . or are we drinking the kool-aid?
Washington State University helping farmers develop and implement agricultural systems and practices that mitigate global climate change.Climate Friendly FarmingTM: Moving from Source to Sink
Global Environmental Degradation
Estimated storage potential of 10 to 40 Mg C per hectare state-wide (~15 63 tons CO2 equivalent fixed / acre)Could take 50 - 100 years to increase the C content by 20 Mg / ha in Pullman (~32 tons CO2 equiv / acre 4 years of a Ford Taurus).Realistic annual potentialWashington Palouse ~ 0.4% of the state GHG emissions.WA Dryland cropping area ~1% of the state GHG emissions. Irrigated area? Depends on cropping system choicesWestern Washington??????????????????May ultimately be a trade-off between managing for C storage and N2O reduction.Carbon Sequestration: The bottom line . . .
N2O Fluxes Quincy Sand (Patterson)
Which hurts more?$3 diesel or $.50 Nitrogen?*Calculated with $1.51 off-road diesel, $.37 / lb Nitrogen
Home-Grown Energy: Oilseed Crops
~45~55~63~70g
PNW Oilseed production for biodiesel Acreage requirements will be 2 4 Xs as high for dryland production. Oilseed crop grown 1 out of 4 12 years on a given acre of land Plant-back restrictions (sulfonyl urea herbicide): 40 of 42 LaCrosse area farmers have plant-back restrictions that require waiting 3 more years before they can plant canola
Major Crops of the Columbia Basin (OR, WA)Source OAS, WAS, 2002
Value perCropAcreageacreCarrots8,400$3,668Onions39,400$3,653Potatoes193,000$3,452Asparagus12,400$2,574Sugar beets18,300$1,424Mint61,800$1,130Silage Corn83,000$806Sweet Corn105,100$632Field Corn74,300$494Peas (green)42,900$473Forage (Alf/hay)270,000$458Grass seed56,000$458Beans38,700$326Winter Wheat102,000$201Spring Wheat79,400$144
Synergies: BioAg needs to drive Triple BioOilseeds help with weed / disease control, improve microbial communities in the soil, improve nitrogen and carbon cycling.$45 - $65 /acre savings on pesticide costs by planting mustard before potato
Synergies: Rotational Impacts
Chart2
114.1223.13
51-38
Ret. Over VC
Ret. Over TC
winter canola
10424
10324
19045
17646
Ret. Over VC
Ret. Over TC
Net Returns for Winter Canola
Sheet1
Table 1: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Winter Canola
Production by Precipitation Zone (canola price = $0.12/lb)
Precipitation Zone/ Yield (lb/acre)
PriceYieldVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Production CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costs
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
10 to 11" rainfall, Adams Co. (18 cwt)A$1218$112$104$192$24
14 rainfall, Whitman Co (22 cwt)B$1220$137$103$216$24
14" rainfall, Pendleton (25 cwt)C$1225$110$190$255$45
14" rainfall, Reardan (25 cwt)D$1225$124$176$254$46
Precipitation Zone/ Yield (lb/acre)$22$121$143$229$35
10 to 11" rainfall, Adams Co. (18 cwt)A$104$24
14 rainfall, Whitman Co (20 cwt)B$103$24
14" rainfall, Pendleton (25 cwt)C$190$45
14" rainfall, Reardan (25 cwt)D$176$46
Sheet2
Returns over VCReturns over TC
($/ac)($/ac)
SF/WC$64-$21
SF/WW (55 bu)$104$7
average:$84-$7
Returns over VCReturns over TC
($/ac)($/ac)
SF/WW (45 bu)$51-$38
dryland WC
Table 1: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Winter Canola/Fallow/Winter Wheat/
Fallow Rotation for 10"-11" Rainfall Zone
PriceYieldTotalVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Cash ReceiptsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costs
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
Summer Fallow +
Fallow/Winter Canola12.0020$240$116$124$201$39
Fallow/Winter Wheat3.4055$187$83$104$180$7
Aver.:$114$23
Table 2: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Winter Wheat/Fallow
Rotation for 10"-11" Rainfall Zone
PriceYieldTotalVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Cash ReceiptsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costs
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
Summer Fallow +
Winter Wheat3.4045$153$102$51$191-$38
Sheet3
Table 1: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Winter Canola/Fallow/Winter Wheat/
Fallow Rotation for 10"-11" Rainfall Zone
PriceYieldTotalVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Cash ReceiptsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costs
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
Summer Fallow +
Fallow/Winter Canola12.0020$240$116$124$201$39
Fallow/Winter Wheat3.4055$187$83$104$180$7
$214Aver.:$114$23
Table 2: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Winter Wheat/Fallow
Rotation for 10"-11" Rainfall Zone
PriceYieldTotalVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Cash ReceiptsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costs
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
Summer Fallow +
Winter Wheat3.4045$153$102$51$191-$38
Ret. Over VCRet. Over TC
F/W/F/C$11423
F/W51-38
Sheet3
Ret. Over VC
Ret. Over TC
irrigated WC
Table 3: Returns over Variable and Total Production Costs for Irrigated Winter Canola
PriceYieldTotalVariableReturns over VariableTotalReturns over Total
Cash ReceiptsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction CostsProduction Costsland rent
($/cwt)(cwt/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)($/ac)
Yakima County farm:
Winter Canola12.0042.5$510234.27$276367.14$14389.9
Lincoln County farm:
Winter Canola12.0033$396$281$115$474-$7867.69
Hermiston farm:
Winter Canola12.0032.5$390$356$34$477-$8789.94
$36$432$291$141$439-$7
The cost of biodieselSource: U of I Biodiesel Education Program: Cost CalculatorIn state RFS production =~45% of distillers grains~70% of canola mealAs compared to Midwest crushing costs of ~$.20 / g
Is there a role for grain ethanol?
Wang, 2005
Home Grown Energy: Biomass CropsBlue-bunch wheat grassswitchgrassReed canary grassHybrid poplar
Lynd, 2005
Lynd, 2005
Lynd, 2005
Bioenergy vs. Soil carbon / health?
Food vs. Fuel: A Red Herring?Ethanol = 12% of US corn crop (1/3 of which is Distillers Grains)Animal feed, artificial sweeteners, beverage alcohol = 67% of US corn crop
USDA ERS 2005
Triple Bio in Action: Biomass InventoryIdentify Biomass Categories
CalculateDry Values
Calculate MethanePotentialInventory By Countyand CategoryEastern Washington4.3 M tons/year3.1 billion kWh40% EW residential needConvert to electricityEntire State1769 MW capacity50% of state residential need~1.5 billion g ethanol> 12 million tons CO2 reduction
Dairy manure anaerobic digestion co-product research and developmentNutrientsCHP, LNG / CNG, Hydrogen, fertilizer, plastics textilesFiberCarbon Credit & Green Tag
2004 Digested Dairy Fiber Trial 3.3
Chen group novel AD system concept patent pending
Methane reduction: the bottom line . . .Methane destruction from Vander Haak Dairy = 9.47 tons/cow/year carbon dioxide equivalentElectrical Production and Comparison with Gordondale
Electrical ValueVander HaakGordondaleaProduction (kwh/day)5,510 3832,438 583Production (kwh/cow* day)5.09 0.353.25 0.78Production (kw/cow*)0.21 0.0150.135 0.033Generation and % of Capacity 231 KW (80%)102 KW (73%)Approximate Run Time95%97.3%
Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Cull Potatoes
Co-Production of Lactic Acid and Chitosan from Cull Potatoes and Whey PermeateWhey Permeate
Chitin/Chitosan and its Derivatives
OtherFood processingWaste water treatmentAgriculturalGlocosamine anti-arthritis drug
Lactic Acid
OtherFood processingMedical Chemicals/solventsMany more
Fermentation
Biomass
The project goal is to produce chitin and its derivatives using Rhizopus oryzae with cull potatoes as raw material
Bioproducts and BiorefiningOmega-3 Fatty Acids from Glycerin Waste
Value of Products DevelopedFeedstockPriceCull Potato1 /lbCheese Wheys16-80 /lb
Cheese Wheys16-80 /lbCorn Distiller1 /lb
Cull Potato or1 /lbGlycerol5 /lb
ManureNeg-$50 cow/yr
ProductUsePriceLactic AcidBiopolymer50 /lbChitosanMedical$4,500 /lb
Lactic AcidBiopolymer50 /lbNisinPreservative$3,400 /lb
AlgaeOmega 3 Feed$5 /lb
ElectricityEnergy$73 /cow yr StruviteFertilizer$85 /cow yr HQ FiberSoil Additive$70 /cow yr
Contact Information:Chad Kruger, BIOAg EducatorWSU, CSANR1100 N. Western Ave.Wenatchee, WA 98801509-663-8181 x235http://csanr.wsu.edu http://[email protected]
.08 tons CO2 equiv / acre annualy
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