vertebralcolumnlabel:1. -cervicle curvature(secondarycurve)2. -thoraciccurvature(primarycurve)3. -lumbarcurvature(secondarycurve)4. -sacralcurvature(sprimary curve)5. -cervicle vertebrbrae 1-76. -thoracicvertebrae1-127. -lumbarvertebrae1-58. -sacrum9. -Auricular(articular)surfaceofsacrum10. -coccyx
anteriorviewrightlateralview
Bio230- TheAxialSkeleton:VertebralColumnandRibCage
Whichspinalcurvaturesareprimary?
Whyaretheycalledprimary?
Whichspinalcurvaturesaresecondary?and…whenaretheyformed?
T1-T12
Sacrum
1
L5
L1T12
T1
C2
T1
T12L1
AnteriorviewRlateralview
C1-C7
L1-L5
Aboveshowsthepartsofatypica1VertebrathatyoumustknowonanyVertebrafromanyregion.(Superiorview)
Regional(cervical,thoracicandlumbar)differencesBetweenthevertebrae.BesureyouknowtheregionaldifferencesbetweentheseregionsANDthedistinctLookofC1(atlas),C2(axis)andC7(vertebraprominens).
Vertebra– singularVertebrae- pluralpedicle
-onasuperiorarticularprocess
Whatisthedifferencebetweenaarticularprocessvsaarticularfacet?YouMUSTSeeandunderstandthedifference!
2
Cervicalregion ThoracicregionLumbarregion
Superiorviewsofthe3regionalvertebra
Rightlateralviews
Cervicaldifferences:1. Transverseforamen2. Bifidspinousprocess
Thoracicdifferences:1. Facetsonbody&transverse
processesforribarticulation2. Downwardpointingspinous
process
LumbarDifferences:1. Shortthickspinousprocess2. Largebody
UniqueCervicalVertebrae:Atlas&Axis(akaC1 &C2)
AtlasC1)-superiorviewinferiorview
ArticulatedAtlas&AxisLabel:A-Atlas(C1)B-Axis(C2)1.Atlassuperiorarticularfacet2.TransverseforamenC1&C23. TransverseprocessC1&C24. Dens(odontoidprocess)5. spinousprocessofAxis6. TransverseligamentofAtlas
3
Atlas- Nobody,nospinousprocess.Stillhastransverseforamen.LabelthesuperiorarticularfacetofC1withletterSLabeltheinferiorarticularfacetwithletterIQuestion:Whichhasthelargersurfacearea?
C1superiorarticularfacetsarticulateswith________________________
whichallowsthehead(skull)motion_______________________
C1inferiorarticularfacetarticulateswith_________________________
Whichallowstheheadmotion__________________________
Axis(C2)– superiorview
Label:1. Dens2. Superiorarticularfacet3. Transverseforamen4. Bifidspinousprocess
6
Whatcouldhappenifthetransverseligamenttore?
4
UniqueCervicalvertebraC7
C7 C7
The vertebraprominens,orC7,hasadistinctivelongandprominentspinousprocess,whichispalpable
fromtheskinsurface.Feelitonyourself!ThespinousprocessinnotbifidButyouknowthisisacervicalVertebrabecauseofwhat?
ThoracicVertebrae
ThreeArticulatedthoracicvertebraeLabel:1. Transversefacets2. Facetsofbody3. Superiorarticularfacets4. Superiorarticularprocesses(3ofthem)5. Superiorarticularprocesses(3ofhem6. Spinousprocesses7. Vertbral bodies8. Intervertebralforamen(2shownhere)
HowmanyThoracicvertebraearethere”
Howmanypairsofribsarethere?
Whydothebodiesofthoracicvertebraeandtransverseprocesseshavefacets?
Remember!Facetshavearticular(hyaline)cartilagebecausethatiswhereonebonearticulateswiththefacetsofanotherbone.
5
LumbarVertebra(L1-L5)
1. Superiorarticularprocess(3visible)2. Inferiorarticularprocess(3visible)3. Superiorarticularfacet(onevisible)4. Inferiorarticularfacet(onevisible)5. Body(3)6. Spinousprocess(3)7. Transverseprocess(3)8. Intervertebralforamen(2)9. Wherewouldintervertebraldiscsbelocated?(put
XXX)
Shownthreearticulatedlumbarvertebrae
Sacrum:AnteriorRlateralPosterior
1.Sacralpromontory(outeranteriorlipofbody)2.Anteriorsacralforamina(pl,foramensingular)3.Transverselineoffusion(canyouseeall4).Theselinesoffusionarefusionofwhatpartsofthevertebrae?4.Superiorarticularprocess
5.Mediansacralcrest6.Auricularsurface
7.Sacralcanal8.Superiorarticularfacet9.Mediansacralcrest(formedfromthefusionofwhat?10.Posteriorsacralforamina
6
Sternum:formedfromthefusionof:1. Manubrium2. Body3. XiphoidprocessLandmarksofsternum4.Jugularnotch5.Clavicularnotch(x2)articulateswith?6.Sternalangle–fusionof1and2Costalcartilageofwhatribarticulateshere.Clinicalimportanceofthesternalangle?
Thoraciccage(ribcage)
-LabelvertebralbodyT1-LabelvertebralbodyT12-Labelribs1-12Trueribs=Falseribs=Floatingribs=7.Manubrium8.Body9.Xiphoidprocess10.Costalcartilage1-7
Rib
11.Sternalend12.Vertebralend13.Head14.Neck15.Tubercle16.Angle17.Costalgroove18.Body
ThoracicvertebraandribarticulationYOUMUSTBEABLETODEMONSTATETHIS!!
19.Bodyofthoracicvertebra20.Transverseprocessofthoracicvertebra21.Headofrib22.Neckofrib23.Tubercleofrib24.Sternalendofrib
PutanXoverthe2areasofrib/vertebraarticulation
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