BFN Priority species of TURKEY
AEGEAN REGION
Wild plants, land race and wild mushroom studied in Aegean Region of Turkey
Family Botanical name English
name
Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume
Amaranthaceae Beta maritima L. Sea beet
Kıyı pancarı Deli pazı, yabani pancar, yaban pazısı,
ova mancarı, pezik,
deniz pancarı, dağ pancarı, kır pazısı,
zık, yaban pancarı,
kara mancar, kara pancar, deli ıspanak,
yaban ıspanağı,
düdüklü ıspanak
Sea beets are glabrous or slightly hairy, erect, prostrate
or procumbent perennial
herbaceous plants with a number of stems. It flowers
from May to August.
Coastal areas, field borders,
in sandy soil.
The inland forms are
found at steps
in well drained sandy soils
Rosette leave Its leaves are served raw or cooked and used in
pies and pancakes,
omelets, soups, stuffed for dolma, roasted or boiled
and used as salad, served
with or without yogurt. Sea beets are also cooked
as spinach.
Amaranthaceae Salicornia emericii Duval-Jouve,
Lectotype:Salicornia europaea L.
Glasswort or
Samphire
Deniz börülcesi Kurşun otu, tuzlu ot,
geren otu
Glasswort is perennial, erect
fleshy maritime plant with
fleshy stems and simple leaves. It has small spikes of
minute flowers. It flowers
from July to September
Coastal salt
marshes.
Young plants Glasswort is usually
cooked or steamed and
then coated in olive oil and lemon or yogurt as
salad. It is also used raw.
Apiaceae Crithmum maritimum L. Rock samphire
Deniz teresi, Kaya koruğu
Deniz rezenesi,deniz marulu, deniz otu,
ada börülcesi, deniz
koruğu, deniz keneviri, kereviz otu,
genevir, girdama,
gövelek, kulak otu, kişgil
Rock samphire is erect to decumbent hairless perennial,
to 50 cm high. Leaves are
entire, 1-2-pinnate with linear, succulent, cylindrical lobes
and aromatic when crushed.
Flowers are yellowish green.
Maritime rocks and boulder
beaches.
Young plants leaves and
flower buds
The stems, flowers and leaves are pickled. Leaves
are used fresh or boiled in
salads. It is also cooked omelet
Stew, pickle, salad,
omelet
Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fennel
Arapsaçı Rezene, çaşır, çaşıra,
kokar ot, malatura, erezene, raziyane,
sıra, marata
Fennel is a perennial,
umbelliferous plant. It has thick, white rootstalk and
hollow, striated stems. Leaves
with anise smell, are feathery, deeply cut, alternate and triply
pinnate. Flowers are yellow,
produced in large terminal umbels. Fruits are cylindrical,
Arid cliffs,
slopes and riverbanks in
spring.
Whole plant Highly aromatic and
flavorful leaves are used in various foods and as
seasoning. Boiled leaves
are used in salad and roasted. Pilaf, omelet,
salad, pie, pancake, soup
are cooked.
smooth and greenish brown color. The plant flowers from
July to September.
Meal, roasted, pilaf, seasoning
Apiaceae Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Gris. Yellow Herb
Kaymacık, Sarı ot, sarı bacı, kaymaklık, kaymak
otu, kırk sıralı, gaymecik, tülü ot,
kekire
Opoanax is a perennial herbaceous plant that can
grow up to 160 cm. It produces small clusters of
yellow flowers. Lower leaves
pinnate with lobes. It Flowers
in May-July.
Fields, stony places, salty
sediments, field edge.
Young basal leave
Young leaves from the base of stews are cooked
with tomato paste. Leaves
are also roasted with or without cream and milk. It
is boiled and roasted with
egg (Omelet) and served with or without yogurt.
Opopanax pancake is also
common..
meal, roasted, omelet
Apiaceae Smyrnium olusatrum L. Alexanders
Deli kereviz Yabani kereviz, baldıran
The plants are stout to 100-150 cm high, with a solid stem
which becomes hollow with
age. The leaves are bluntly toothed, the segments
ternately divided. The flowers
are yellow-green in color, and its fruits are black. They are
flowering March to May.
Road sides, in field and field
borders, on
cliff paths, seaside.
Leaves, young stems and the
buds
Alexanders is intermediate in flavor
between celery and
parsley. It is used roasted, stewed or fried and used
in salads, rice, omelet,
pie, sauce and soups. It was also used as a
medicinal herb
Asteraceae Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach,
Syn: Chrysanthemum segetum L.
Crown Daisy
Alagömeç Ale gümeci, sarı
papatya, öküz gözü, koyun gözü, yabani
krizantem
Crown daisy is 15-70 cm tall a
leafy annual herb. It has yellow, cream, white ray
florets grouped in small flower
heads and aromatic, bipinnately lobed leaves.
Flowering time is from March
to June.
Sea sides, road
sides, in fields an field
borders.
Young sprouts Crown daisy is used in the
recipes of omelets, soup, bulgur and roasted salads
with or without yogurt
Asteraceae Cichorium intybus L. Chicory
Hindiba Hindibag, yabani
hindiba, kara hindiba, tatlı hindiba, ak
hindiba, günek,
güneyik, yatlı günek, ak günek, radika,
Chicory is hairy or glabrous a
perennial herbaceous plant with 20-100 cm height. It has
backward curved toothed
leaves at base. Stem leaves are similar but sessile. It has
Roadsides,
fields, orchards and
Whole young
plant/ rosette leaves, roots
The leaves are boiled or
used raw for salad. Leaves are simply roasted or
mixed with herbs or
roasted with or without scrambled eggs. It is
bahçe radikası, altlık, çatlangoz
bright blue flowers. Flowtime is from April to September.
cooked as soup, omelet and made the patties. Dry
leaves used as tea. Roots
are also baked and used as a coffee substitute
Meal, salad, omelet
Asteraceae Scolymus hispanicus L. Golden
thistle
Şevketi bostan Akkız, akçakızı, altın
dikeni, ak dikeni,
diken otu,çetmi dikeni, sarı diken,
sütlü diken, süt
dikeni, güzel hisar dikeni
It is an herbaceous biennial or
short-lived perennial plant
growing to 80 cm tall, with spiny stems and leaves. The
flowers are bright yellow to
orange-yellow. Flowering lasts from May to September.
Humid areas,
roadsides,
fallow lands.
Roots, young
leaves
Spiny leaves are stripped
and roots cleaned and
used to cook dishes with meat and roasting. The
roots and young leaves of
golden thistle also used in salads, soups, egg dishes.
Stew, salad, soup, omelet, meal
Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum L. Wild Radish
Eşek turpu Turpotu, yaban turpu yabani turp, çalgıcı
otu, yabani hardal
Wild radish is an annual herb usually 15–50 cm high, simple
or branched, stems scabrous;
taproot wiry to stout but not fleshy. Lower leaves 15–20
cm long, lyrate-pinnatisect
with 1–4 pairs of distant lobes, scabrous. Flowers are usually
pale yellow, more rarely white
or with pinkish.. Plant flowers in May-September, bears
fruits in July-October.
. Fallow fields, orchards,
vineyards,
neglected gardens,
roadsides, and
other disturbed locations.
Young lives and buds
Wild radish is roasted or stewed and used in
various dishes as salad,
meals, omelet and soup
Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella L. Sorrel
Kuzukulağı Ekşi kuzukulağı, lutka, ekşi kulak,
eğşimene, ekşice,
ekşimik, ekşilik ekşimelek, ekşimek,
ekşimen, turşu otu,
ebem ekşisi,
ebenekşisi, oğlak
kulağı, küçük kuzukulağı
Sorrel is perennial herbaceous plants with erect stem and
sprouts from an aggressive
and spreading rhizome. It has glabrous green arrowhead-
shaped leaves and small, pink
and bright flowers. Sorrel
blossoms in May-August.
The fields, meadows and
pastures in the
abandoned areas, at the
waterfront and
in a humid
environment.
Leaf The leaves with a lemony,
tangy and nicely sour
flavor, are used raw or in the preparation of food.
Fresh leaves can be used
raw in salads. Sorrel is
also used to cook soup,
pie and cooked with egg.
Roasted, stuffed, pie,
soup, meal, salad
Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Cowpea
Börülce Karnıkara,karagöz, sarıgöz, çakıldak,
acebek, papuda
Herbaceous annual with twining stems Leaves trifoliate
with petiole. Central leaflet
hastate, 2.5 to 12 cm long, smooth, lateral leaflets
irregular. Flowers in axillary
racemes on stalks 15 to 30 cm long. Pod pendulous, smooth,
10 to 23 cm long with a thick
decurved beak and 10- to 15-seeded. The kidney-shaped
seeds are white with a black
mark around the scar that
marks the point of attachment
to the seed stalk. Seeds of local races variable in size and
colour
Cowpea grows best in hot
conditions. and
in moderate shade, but in
agroforestry or
orchard applications. .
grain, fresh legumes
Salad, meal
Russulaceae Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray Saffron milk cap
Çıntar, Kanlıca, Elicek, ebişek, melki, merki, sütlü mantar,
çam mantarı, espir,
espit, tirmit
Saffron milk cap has a convex to vase shaped and carrot
orange color cap with darker
orange lines in the form of concentric circles. 4 to 14 cm
across. The cap is dry but
sticky and viscid when wet. It has crowded decurrent gills
and a hallow short orange
stipe (3 to 8 cm long and 1 to 2 cm thick). When fresh it
extracts orange-red milk.
When handled It stains a deep green color. August to
December
It grows under conifers on
acidic soils and
found in the high altitude
Pinus nigra
and Pinus brutia forests.
It forms a
mycorrhizal relationship
with its host
tree.
Cap and stem Fried, grilled, roasted, used in pie, cooked as
meatball, soup, omelet
Salted or pickled
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Wild plants and land race studied in Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Family Botanical name English
name
Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume
Acoraceae Acorus calamus L. Calamus or Sweet flag
Eğir otu Azakeriği, Hazanbel, Eğir kökü
a semi-aquatic plant that likes to grow with “wet feet”, often
alongside Irises, Cattails, and
other waterweeds. This is usually due to seasonal water
fluctuations. less rain, and it's
no longer in the water because
the edge of the pond has
receded. The leaves are similar
to Cattail or Iris leaves, being sword shaped, and from 2 1/2
to 3 feet in length. Calamus
leaves, though, are a yellow-green in color, not blue-green,
and have a slightly wavy
margin (edge) and a midrib.
It likes the edges of
ponds, lakes,
and rivers, but I've seen it
growing in
drier soil as
well.
The root (rhizome) is
used as
medicine, as foods as a
spice.
Chewing rhizome. A flavor for pipe tobacco
Anacardiaceae Rhus coriaria L. Elm leaved
sumach
Sumak Ekşi külü, somak
ekşi, Derici sumağı,
Mavru, Tadım, Tahru, Tatari, Tahri,
Tetere, Teteni, Tetirli,
Tetre, Tertri, Tirimli, Tutum, Tutuba
Plant is shrub up to 3 m tall.
Young branches are densely
brownish tomentose. Leaves with 9-15 broadly lanceolate
to eliptic, serrate leaflets.
Petals greenish white, drupe globose, villose, reddish. It is
flowering in june and july. It
can be found in scrubs and forests.
It can be found
in scrubs and
forests. Rocky places and
roadsides
mainly on limestone
Fruit; Oil. The crushed fruit is a
popular spice used in the
Middle East.
Apiaceae Ferula elaeochytris Korovin Ferula or
giant fennel
Çağ Çakşır, çağşır, çavşır,
hitik
They are herbaceous perennial
plants growing to 1–4 m tall,
with stout, hollow, somewhat succulent stems. The leaves
are tripinnate or even more
finely divided, with a stout basal sheath clasping the stem.
The flowers are usually
yellow, rarely white, produced in large umbels.
native to the
Mediterranean
region east to central Asia,
mostly
growing in arid climates.
The root
(rhizome) is
used to make medicine.
Drink boiled root
Apiaceae Ferulago trachycarpa Boiss. -
Kuzukemirdi Kuzu kişnişi, Kurtkulağı, Kuzubaşı,
Kuzukemirdi,
Kuzukulağı, Kimyon otu, çakşırotu, cağşır,
asaotu
It is a tall glaucescent perennial with angled, sulcate
stem up to 125 cm. leaves are
25-40 cm long and 10-15 cm width. Flowering between
june and august.
Rocky slopes. Aerial parts and roots.
Gums obtained from the incision of the roots.
Fresh aerial parts.
Asteraceae Cichorium intybus L. Common
chicory
Hindiba Hindiba, yabani
hindiba, mavi hindiba, citlik
When flowering, chicory has a
tough, grooved, and more or less hairy stem, from 30 to 100
centimetres (10 to 40 in) tall.
The leaves are
stalked, lanceolate and
unlobed. The flower heads are
2 to 4 centimetres (0.79 to 1.6 in) wide, and usually
bright blue, rarely white or
pink. It flowers from July until October.
It lives as a
wild plant on roadsides. The
wildflower
grows in fields,
waysides and
on waste
ground.
Leaves, roots Roasted,salads and roots
are dried for adding coffee
Asteraceae Chondrilla juncea L. Rush
skeletonwee
d
Karakavuk Çıtlık, Çöpkanak,
Karakavuk,
Karakavut, Sakız otu, Sütlü ot
It is a thin, spindly plant which
reaches a meter in height. It
starts from a basal rosette of leaves and branches
extensively, often forming a
weedy thicket. It produces small daisylike flowers with
rectangular yellow ray florets.
The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long topped with a
white pappus.
It lives in
rocky terrain,
sandy fields, fallowing
fields
Leaves Salads
Asteraceae Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Griseb
Salsify
Tekesakalı Yakı Otu, Yemlik, Dedesakalı,
Karakök, Tekesakalı
It is grown as an annula or biennial, mainly for the long,
tapering black skinned, white-
fleshed taproot.
It grows well in a loose,
sandy loam
soil, deeply cultivated to
allow the long,
tapering roots to develop.
Leaves Cooking, salads
Asteraceae Tragopogon porrifolius subsp.
longirostris (Sch.Bip.) Greuter
Purple
salsify
Helevan Teke sakalı Annual or biennial herb with a
white, branched, irregularly
cylindrical tap-root. Stems 20-125 cm, glaucous, some areas
very pale, sometimes suffused
brownish-purple, hollow, erect, striate, glabrous, with
long branches in upper half,
very leafy.
It lives in
herbaceous
places and along rhe
roads.
Roots, leaves Freshly or cooked
Asteraceae Gundelia tournefortii L. Gundelia
Kenger Kenger otu, Plant is 20-100 cm high, stems erect, branched, often shining.
Leaves are lanceolate, rigid,
glabrous or arachnoid. Lower leaves7-30 cm long.
Flowering in may and july.
It can be found in rocky
slopes, stepe,
near salt lakes, open woodland
and fallow
fields.
The leaves, stems, roots,
and
undeveloped flower buds,
colloquially
known as tumble thistle,
are edible
when they first sprout in early
spring
fresh or cooked artichoke-like vegetable
Berberidaceae
Berberis crataegina DC. Berberis
Karamuk Amberbaris, Diken
üzümü, Ekşimen (Kayseri), Garamık,
Gıraba
Gırabuh, Gızanbah,
Hatuntuzluğu, Kadı
ntuzluğu, Kamberiz, Karaca
Karamıh, Karamık,
Karamuk dikeni, Karanbuk,
Kızambuk, Kızamık,
Sarı çalı
Perennial that can grow to a
height of 2 meters, very
prickly, red berry fruit is a
plant that boy grows. Open May-yellow flower clusters in
June. The leaves are 2-4
centimeters in length and elliptical. After pouring leaves
in autumn, as red clusters
located within 2 to 3 pieces of fruit seeds are seen.
It grows up to
1900 meters
above on the
forest clearance and
limestone
terrain. Develops well
in sunny and
semi-shade environment.
Just can grow
in almost any soil.
Fruits/seeds Fruit can be consumed
raw or in some meals and
soups Vitamin C rich fruit
can be consumed as tea, garnish compote, syrup,
jams and jellies.
Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale R.Br.,
Aiton
Watercress
Suteresi Acı
gerdeme, Cırcır, Ç
akandura , Çünk, Derdime, Gerdeme,
Hardal otu, Istapan,
Ispatan, İspatan, İstapan, İstepan, Kord
omot , Kerdeme,
Kurbağapisliği, Su gerdemesi, Su
kerdemesi, Su
mancası, Tizik, Tuzik, Yabani
tere, Gudime.
Nasturtium officinale is a
perennial and creeping plant.
It’s growing to 0.5 m by 1 m at a fast rate. It has 8-10 cm
long and a width of leaves.
There are four-leaf white flowers. Watercress is pungent
and spicy plants. It flowers
from March to July
Suitable for:
light (sandy),
medium (loamy) and
heavy (clay)
soils. Suitable pH: acid,
neutral and
basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot
grow in the
shade. It prefers wet soil
and can grow
in water.
Leaves Watercress consumed as
raw or cooked. It’ s
known peppery, sharp, piquant flavor Water cress
is mainly used as a
garnish or as an addition to salads, the flavour is
strong with a
characteristic hotness.
Capparaceae Capparis spinosa L. Caper bush
Kebere Gebre, kebere, kapari Caper bush is a perennial deciduous bush plant with 1-
3m height. It bears rounded,
fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers with
four petals and at the middle
purple stamens. C. spinosa is native to the Mediterranean
Region but also found in other
regions of Turkey except Black Sea coast. Caper bush
occur over a wide range of
habitat up to 100 m.
elevation.. It is flowered in
July and bear fruits in August-September.
Mainly at west place, road
sides and even
near by the walls
Fruits/seeds Pickled or canned form is consumed. Canned capers
is eaten as pickles, salads,
pizza base and besides the meat and fish as a garnish.
Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila arrostii subsp.
nebulosa (Boiss. & Heldr.)
Greuter & Burdet
Arrost's
baby's-
breath
Çöven Çöven Otu - Sabun
Otu - Çegen - Tarlacı
Çöveni, Kereviç Köpüğü, çuvan
Plant is glabrous perennial
with stout rhizome. Stems 30-
60 cm long, diffusely branched. Leaves linear to
linear-lanceolate, 10-50 mm
long and 1-6 mm width. Flowers are pale pink to white
and it has flowers in june and
july.
It can be found
in dry stony
places and wineyards.
Root
(rhizome)
Its rhizome extracts for
whitinig and bubbling.
Cupressaceae Juniperus drupacea Labill. Syrian
juniper
Enek/andız Büyük meyveli ardıç It is small, dioecious,
evergreen tree, with a broad
crown. The leaves are lanceolate, acuminate. Female
flowers form a hard, fleshy
fruit, ripening 1-3 years. Cones are 20-25 mm diameter,
brown to black and pruinose.
Growing on
rocky sites
from 800–1700 m altitude.
Fruit Molasses
Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea communis (L.)
Caddick & Wilkin
Black
bryony
Dolambaç Sarmaşık, tilkişen,
dövülmüş avrat otu, gavur tilkişeni and
kara asma
Tubers subterranean, to 20cm
or more, blackish. Stems slender, to 4m, rarely
branched, longitudinally striate, glabrous, twining
sinistrally as seen from
outside. Leaves long-petiolate
or long-acuminate, dark gren,
glabrous. Flowers greenish-
yellow, glabrous. Flowering April-June.
Dense woods,
but it can also meadows and
hedges.
Young shoots Young shoots may be
eaten raw, but they are usually cooked in hot
water for various salads or used in omelette.
Fabaceae Lupinus albus L. White lupin
Termiye Acı bakla, Delice bakla, Gavur baklası,
Kurt baklası, Mısır
baklası, Yahudi baklası, Tirmis
Lupinus albus is a annual growing to 1.2 m (4ft) by 0.3
m (1ft in). It is in flower from
Jun to July, and the seeds ripen from Aug to September.
The flowers are hermaphrodite
(have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by
Bees. It can fix Nitrogen.
Cultivated beds. Suitable
for: light
(sandy) and medium
(loamy) soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It
prefers moist
soil.
Seed. Seed - cooked. Used as a protein-rich vegetable or
savoury dish in any of the
ways that cooked beans are used, they can also be
roasted or ground into a
powder and mixed with cereal flours in making
bread etc. The roasted
seeds can be used as a snack in much the same
way as peanuts. An edible
oil is obtained from the
seed. The roasted seed is
used as a coffee substitut
Liliaceae Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb. Foxtail lily
Çiriş Çireş, Dağ pırasası, Gülük, Kiriş, Sarı
çiriş, Sarı
zambak, Yabani pırasa
Foxtail lily, has 1 m plant height with 70-200 cm
glabrous flower stem and is a
perennial herbaceous plant. Leaves broadly linear, 20-60
cm long, to about 5 cm broad,
glabrous. It grows at 1000-2750 m. Flowering in May-
July.
in steppe, open scrub,
limestone
rocks and screes
Young leaves Young leaves are used as vegetables. Young shoots
cooked. Roasted with
yogurt, meal, omelet
Rosaceae Eriolobus trilobatus (Labill. ex
Poir.) M.Roem.
Erect Crab
or Crab
apple
Atelması Geyikelması,
geyicek, geyik dikeni
Malus trilobata has an upright
habit with horizontal
branching and a mature size of 15 metres (49 ft) height by 7
metres (23 ft) width.
The leaves are maple-like and deeply three-lobed. They turn
from orange to red to deep
purple in the fall. The tree blooms during April
and May producing white
flowers and yellow fruits.
Mediterranean
maquis and
forest.
Fruit and
leaves
Fresh or boiled fruit. Its
dried leaves use for tea.
Rosaceae Pyrus serikensis Güner &
H.Duman
Serik crab
Zingit Serik armudu,
gurmut,
Barbed and can be sized up to
15 m. fruits are spherical and about 1cm a diameter. Leaves
egg-circle shape, the diameter
of 2-4 cm.
Hills in the
plains, in the cemetery, the
farm borders,
roads and coast
Fruit Fresh or boiled fruit.
Araceae Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Taro
Gölevez Göleviz, kolakas, Kıbrıs patatesi
Taro is herbaceous perennial tropical plant with a large
corm, and grows in semi-
shade or sunny places where water is abundant. Taros
reproduce from the smaller
tubers or “cormels” which grow off the sides of the main
corm are grown for their
edible corms as root vegetables. Large heart shaped
leaves with long petiole
sprouts from tubers.
In Turkey, taro is locally
known as
“Gölevez” and mainly grown
in
Mediterranean coast, in the
Alanya and
Gazipaşa of Antalya and
Bozyazı and
Anamur of
Mersin..
The corms are eaten baked, boiled or steamed
BLACKSEA REGION
Wild plants and land race studied in BLACK Region of Turkey
Family Botanical name English
name
Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume
Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album L. Lamb's quarters,
melde
Aksirken Sirken, kelebek, iblice, yaban otu,
unluca, ak kaz ayağı,
ak pazı, yabani ıspanak
It is an ascending annual plant with 20-150 cm tall and has
angular stem. The leaves are
whitely green and have alternate rhomboid or
lanceolate with entire or
toothed edge. Lower leaves
are more round and broader
than upper leaves and with a
whitish coat on the underside. The flowers inflorescence is
dense branched.
It is found in fields, orchards
and pastures
Leaves and young shoots
It is used in salads in raw form and it is roasted with
or without yoghurt, it is
cooked with bulgur or rice, it is completed with
mixed weed and it is also
baked as fritter and
pancake
Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria L. Ground elder
Keçiayağı Mendek, tavuk ayağı, kır marulu
It is a perennial, erect plant with rhizome. The stem is
hallow and grooved. Upper
leaves are ternate, broad and toothed. Small white flowers
are in umbels
It grows in coppice forests
and it grows up
to 750 m heights
Young leaves It can be roasted (with yogurt, onion or plain), it
is used in pastry, and it
can be cooked with yogurt, rice or bulgur.
Also eaten raw
Apiaceae Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Corky-
fruited water-
dropwort
Deli maydanoz Kazıyak, Gazyak
It is a bushy perennial. It may
grow up to 1 meter. It is flowered from June to August.
Its petals have changing colors
from spotted and shiny white to red.
It grows in
swamps and lakes coasts up
to 1300 meters.
It is predominantly
distributed in
Black Sea and Aegean
Regions.
Leaves It is roasted with or
without egg, and also with leek and onion. It is used
in pastry. It is cooked
with yogurt and bulgur.
Asparagaceae Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Star of Bethlehem
Sunbala Sakarca, Sakarcık, Akyıldız, Çöplüce,
Karga Soğanı,
Tükrük otu
It is a perennial plant with bulbs below ground. Its leaves
are linear with a white stripe
on the upper surface The flowers group in a corymbose
raceme with 6–20 flowers, and
are white with a green stripe outside.
It flowers from May to June. It
grows in semi-
shadow woodland,
rural places,
wet meadows coppice forests
up to 1500
meters.
Leaves and bulbs
It is used in making bread, it is roasted as plain or
with egg; it is fried with
egg; it is cooked with cranberry molasses and it
is also cooked with rice.
Boraginaceae Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G.Don
Eastern borage
(oriental
borage)
Kaldirik Kaldırayak, Kaldırık, Kalduruk, Galdirik,
Galdirek, Ispıt,
Zılbıt, Hodan, Zıbıdık, deremancarı,
Burğı, Deve mancarı,
Tamara
Eastern borage has the hairy coarse-textured, heart-shaped
leaves and stems. Tiny blue
flowers of this plant emerge in early spring.
Eastern borage is a perennial
herb of the
family Boraginaceae.
Native to
Blacksea region and can
be found along
the northern coast of
Turkey at the
elevation of
50-1000 m. It
grows
extensively on shady
riverbanks and
in humid habitats.
Leaves, stams and flowers
Flowering braches and leafy stems of the plant
are consumed as
vegetable in the spring time in Black Sea Region.
It can be eaten in various
different ways such as a steamed salad with or
without yoghurt dressing
or roasted and also used in a bulgur dish or put into
pies. Moreover, Eastern
borage can be pickled and
its larger leaves can be
used for making stuffed
rolls.
Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.)
Medik.
Shepherd'
purse
Çobançantası Medik, kuşekmeği,
lamzam
It is an annual herbaceous
plant which has an erect stem covered with stellate hairs. It
can grow up to 55 cm. Its stem
is smooth and it is branched at top. It is flowered from
January to November.
It may grow up
2000m elevation. It
grows in
cultivated fields or waste
lands.
Aerial part,
leaves
It can be eaten as raw and
it is used in salads, rice meals, rice soups; it can
be roasted with or without
yogurt after boiling and it can be cooked mixed with
curly dock. It is also used
in pastry or pancakes
Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Bladder campion
Ecibücü Mendek, tavukayağı, kır marulu, şakşak,
gıvışgan
It is a perennial plant reaching to 60 cm with flowered stem 9
to 35 cm long and glabrous.
This plant is sensitive to frost. It is flowered from June to
August and its seeds ripen
from July to September.
It grows up to
3000 meters
height. It is
found in
bushes, slopes
and open
spaces.
Leaves It is cooked as plain roasting or roasting egg;
it is used in pastry, yogurt
meal, salting- meal, rice or bulgur meal and soups.
Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L Curly dock
Labada Kıvırcık labada,
labada otu, efelek,
evelik, eveleyük, ekşi
mancar, sığır kuyruğu
Curly duck is a perennial
flowering plant having stalks
up to 100-150 cm high with
shooting curled and wavy leaves from large basal
rosettes. The inflorescent has
dense flower clusters on branched stems the apex.
During the first year,
it forms a basal rosette and in the following year it shoots up
with strong stalks.
Curly duck
grows in a
wide variety of
habitats mostly at moist
ground
conditions. The plant
especially can
be found on riversides,
waste areas,
meadows, fields or in
shady parts of
gardens, and at
elevations up
to 1500-2500
m.
Leaves The boiled leaves of curly
duck can be roasted and
served with or without
yogurt or use it in bulgur dishes and pilaf or its
larger leaves are also
stuffed. The sun dried leaves are consumed in
the winter time.
Polygonaceae Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Knotgrass (knotweed)
Madımak İbi otu, kuşekmeği
It is a perennial. It grows up to 15-30 cm. It has ascending
branched stems and tuberous
roots. Stems are prostrate. It has rectangular ellipse leaf-
stalk. Flowers clusters is in the
leaf axils. Flower has pinkish color.
It grows 720-3000 meters
elevation. It
grows naturally in
road-sides,
slopes, cliffs and cultivated
fields.
Leaves It is cooked as plain and it is also cooked with
bulgur or it is used in
soups.
Smilacaceae Smilax excelsa L. Prickly ivy
Dikenucu Kırçan, çoban ekmeği, dikenözü,
müzmelek,
müzmüldek, itmük, özdikeni, öz, kırçıyık,
melevcan, melocan,
melvocan, boylu gıcır, saparna,
Anadolu saparnası, iz
dikeni, silcan, zimbilaçi, zimilaci,
zimilas
It is a perennial which has climbing and thorny stem and
greenish flower. It has heart-
shaped leaves and umbel plant. Its stem is woody and
lower-parts of the stem are
thorny.
It may grow up to 20
meters with its
climbing stems. This
plant grows in
roadsides, bushes and
forest edges in
the spring.
Young shoots The young shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. It is
cooked with tomato or
pepper paste as stew and it can be roasted with
eggs after boiling; it is
used as ingredient in pastries.
Poaceae Triticum monococcum L. Einkorn
wheat
Siyez Kaplıca, Kavulca,
Iza
Einkorn is one of the earliest
cultivated wheat and
considered as the ancestor of the modern wheat. It has been
domesticated for
approximately 10000 years BC. in Turkey. With its single
spikelet and thick husk,
einkorn wheat is a disease, pathogen and drought resistant
species.
Accordingly is
considered as a
significantly competitive
wheat cultivar
especially in arid and barren
environmental
conditions.
Einkorn wheat is used in
traditional bread making
or commonly is processed into bulgur in stone mills
and is used for dishes
such as sour pilaf, dry pilaf or pilaf with tomato
paste.
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