Oliver de Haas, Lars Kühn
ZIEHL 2016
Berührungsloses Tragen und Manipulieren mit Supraleitern
Elon Musk, Tesla, Space X
Hyperloop-Projekt - Luftlager
Elektromagnetische Levitation
Bild: Schaeffler FAGBild: techcrunch.com
Das Earnshaw Theorem
Diamagnetic Levitation
Samuel Earnshaw 1842:
Ein stabiler Schwebezustand kann allein durch statisch Magnetfelder oder statische elektrische Ströme NICHT erreicht werden,
Universität Leiden, NL
Supraleiter im Magnetfeld
Feldverdrängung und Flussverankerung
Superconductor verdrängt das Magnetfeld
Meißner-Ochsenfeld-Effekt oder
Idealer Diamagnetismus
Das Feld verdrängt den Supraleiter!
Typ-II-Supraleiter
Magnetfeld kann den Supraleiter in Form magnetischer Flusslinien durchdringen
Pinnig-Effekt
Einfrieren des Magnetfeldes im
Supraleiter im Magnetfeld
Feldverdrängung und Flussverankerung
Superconductor verdrängt das Magnetfeld
Meißner-Ochsenfeld-Effekt oder
Idealer Diamagnetismus
Das Feld verdrängt den Supraleiter!
Typ-II-Supraleiter
Magnetfeld kann den Supraleiter in Form magnetischer Flusslinien durchdringen
Pinnig-Effekt
Einfrieren des Magnetfeldes im
Modellbahnvideo
Supraleitende Magnetschwebebahn
SupraTrans II
Fahrversuchsanlage für SL Magnetschwebebahn
Fahrweg
80 m ovaler Rundkurs
16 kW berührungslose Energievers.
1 Fahrwegverzweigung
Passiver Linearstator
Fahrzeug
2 Passagiere
800 kg gelagerte Gesamtmasse
2 unabhängige Bremssysteme
1 m/s2 Beschl. des Linearmotors
On board Fahrzeugsteurung
Design: Airport Gate-to-Gate Shuttle
ATZ GmbH
Maglev Cobra
Gleis: 200 m
connecting 2 buildings within the
UFRJ
(Federal Univ. Rio de Janeiro)
Fahrzeug: 4 gekoppelte Wagen
Gesamtlänge: 6 m
Passagiere: 24
Bilder: UFRJ Maglev Cobra
Prof. Richard Stephan
Maglev Cobra - Rio de Janeiro
Super Maglev
Strecke: Oval ø ≈ 12 m
Geschwindigkeit: 40-50 km/h
1 Passagier
Evakuierte Röhre: 0.1 bar ???
Bilder:
SWJTU Chengdu, China, Prof.
Deng Z. G.
Super-Maglev Chengdu, China
Klassifizierung Magnetlager
Linearlager Festes Lager
RadiallagerAxiallagerRotation bearing
Schwungmassenspeicher (FESS-Flywheel)
Boeing F&E Ergebnisse
5 kWh / 3 kW
Rotationsgeschwindigkeit: 22.500 rpm
Thermische Verluste 2 - 3 W(60 - 90 W Leistungsaufnahme)
Systemvorteile aus Boing-Sicht (perspektivisch:
UmweltfreundlichWartungsarmPotential für hohe Leistungsdichte (W/ kg) und hohe Energiedichte (Wh/ kg) Schnelle und häufige Lade- und Entladezyklen ohne AbnutzungLebensdauer >25 JahreWeiter Arbeitsbereich bzgl. Umgebungstemperatur
M. Strasik, J. R. Hull et al. 2010 Energy Storage Systems Program, November 2-4, 2010 Washington DC
M. Strasik, J. R. Hull et al. 2010 Energy Storage Systems Program, November 2-4, 2010 Washington DC
Schwungmassenspeicher (FESS-Flywheel)
Engineering, Operations & Technology | Boeing Research & Technology Superconducting Flywheel System
Copyright © 2004 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Flywheel Energy Storage System
• Why Pursue Flywheel Energy Storage?• Environmentally clean (green)• Low maintenance• Potential for high power density (W/ kg) and high energy density (W-Hr/ kg)• Can handle rapid charge and discharge rates without degradation• Cycle life times of >25 years• Broad operating temperature range
• Why use high temperature superconducting bearings?
• Very low bearing losses to extend the idle mode
• Simple passive system• HTS bearings will support ultra
high-speed flywheels for high energy density
– (Energy = (1/2) (Moment of Inertia) (Spin Speed)2)
F.Werfel at. al. MAGLEV 2014
Schwungmassenspeicher (FESS-Flywheel)
11
Figure 18: 10 kWh/250 kW demonstrator flywheel fabricated by ATZ / Magnet- Motor with HTS bearing on top; a Gifford McMahon cryo- cooler serves for bearing cryogenics.
40 50 60 70 80 900
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
radial
axialHTS - PM 14 mm
radial
axial
HTS - PM 5 mm
Damping measurements: Axial and radial frequency response
1. fu
ndam
enta
l fre
quen
cy [1
/s]
temperature [K]
Figure 19: Fundamental frequency response of an HTS test bearing dependent on the temperature
Figure 20: Calculation of rotor resonance amplitude as a function of damping on the PM bearing.
In the following we briefly scan flywheel technical key and operational issues to gain the desired flywheel high-speed operation. 3.1 Practical Rotor Damping Rotor dynamics is the most challenging task of FESS operation under higher rotational speeds. By speeding up the rotor is passing several eigenfrequencies. Especially critical is the situation by approaching the rigid body frequencies which are accompanied by sudden increase of the rotor amplitude.
Further on, the rotor as a solid body is fixed elastically in one or two points on magnetic bearings which can cause additional motion effects. In Fig. 19 we studied on a test bearing the influence of the superconductor temperature on the first fundamental frequency of the system in radial and axial direction.
The frequency ratio axial/ radial two-to-one is related to the corresponding stiffness values. The curves show only a weak dependency on the temperature in agreement with the stiffness behavior. One typical effect is the situation where the
magnetic and inertia axes are parallel but separated 9
Figure 14: Concept of high gradient magnetic bearing
SmBCO seeds on top show a non-vanishing trapped field distribution between the three peaks. The scanning Hall results of multigrain bulks give evidence of components of the super-current across the grain boundaries in the multi-seed bulk. While the intra-grain current determines the three individual magnetic peaks, an additional inter-grain current can pass the GBs and contribute a substantial part to the total trapped magnetic flux density integrated over the bulk. The latter is especially beneficial for large- scale applications. Larger bulk fabrication is demonstrated in Fig.13 bottom. YBCO blocks of the size 90mm x 60 mm 20 mm are tested for trapped flux motor application. The scanning Hall distribution displays 8 individual crystals corresponding to the 8-seed structure. At an excitation field of 0.75 T the trapped flux peak values scatter between 600 and 650 mT. While in the length direction the grain boundaries show a certain flux overlap of 200 - 300 mT, in the perpendicular direction the neighboring 4-crystal rows indicate almost no trapped flux overlapping distribution. The latter behavior gives some evidence that between the two 4-crystal rows super-current is flowing rarely.
3 Flywheel with Superconducting Magnetic Bearing For rotating application we favor the journal –type magnetic bearing interaction. Fig. 14 shows the principal design and the rules for an optimized magnet excitation of a radial and axial high gradient HTS bearing. The corresponding magnetic distribution of the B vectors (Br and Bz ) can be calculated. After that the field decays with the exponential function along the radius vector r and relative to the axial distance of the magnet poles L (pole pitch). The obtained by flux field gradient generated by the PM / Fe configuration determines the radial force Fr and stiffness dFr/dr. Along z direction a sin / cos function covers the periodic field variation in axial direction and determines the axial force and stiffness of the magnetic bearing. It has been shown that subdivision of the magnets in a multi-pole arrangement with the pole pitch L in Fig.14 increases the bearing stiffness provided the air gap can be kept small. On the other hand, in superconducting bearings force generation needs a displacement. Small magnetic air gaps < 2 mm improve the flux density in the gap but limit the possible displacement of the rotor. For larger distances > 2 mm the enhancement of the electromagnetic force due to Fe collectors is caused by the steeper flux gradient generated by the Fe collectors. In addition, larger gaps are useful to prevent any dangerous rotor stator contact in fast rotating machines, like flywheels or high-speed motors. The thermal insulation between the cold HTS stator and the warm rotor (or vice versa) is becoming easier in assembling at larger gap distances. In the next chapter we compare the different FESS demonstrator concepts with superconducting magnetic stabilization and the critical concepts. A self – stabilizing magnetic bearing is definitely a most fascinating and promising technology. Due to its physical properties it needs no electronic control and operates completely passively. Basically, the HTS bearing (SMB) is inherently fail-safe in contrast to active controlled bearing AMB after power loss. Using liquid nitrogen as a cooling fluid the HTS superconductor is operated at fairly low temperature, far below critical operation points and is therefore safe and reliable. Because of the mechanical bearing friction a conventional flywheel loses about 2% of its stored energy per hour lowering the round-trip efficiency for diurnal, load leveling to half of the daytime energy. A magnetic bearing can reduce these losses by one order of magnitude. We therefore look first to the bearing concepts. An operating temperature of liquid nitrogen (T=77 K) is considered as satisfactory and sufficient far below the critical superconducting temperature Tc = 92 K, and therefore safe and reliable. Better electromagnetic force density values up 13 N/cm axial and 6.5 N/cm and especially higher
ATZ GmbH / Magnetmotor
Axiallager für 1 Tonne
5 - 10 kWh / 250 - 300 kW
1.8 kW Kältemaschine
800 kg Kohlefaser-Rotor
LEISTUNGSSPEICHER - UPS
Vortrag / Kapitel /
Überschrift
617/02/2016Maria Sparing UK MagSoc Event „Magnetics in a Green Future“
Ring spinningConventional ring spinning system: ring - traveler twisting element
Traveler is dragged along the immobile ring by the yarn, winding onto the cops.
yarn
nmax = 25.000 rpmyarn throughput limited by ring-traveler friction→ heat → wear and melting
of synthetic yarns
Vortrag / Kapitel /
Überschrift
717/02/2016Maria Sparing UK MagSoc Event „Magnetics in a Green Future“
yarn
ring
traveler
Superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) as twisting elementØ Replacement of ring - traveler system with ring-shaped SMB
magnetic ring
superconductor
Vortrag / Kapitel /
Überschrift
9
0 20 40 60 800
20
40
60
80
x (mm)
y (m
m)
1201101009080706050403020
17/02/2016Maria Sparing UK MagSoc Event „Magnetics in a Green Future“
10 YBCO trapezoids cut from preselected melttextured cylinders Øa max
80 mm
0 20 40 60 800
20
40
60
80
x (mm)
y (m
m)
1201101009080706050403020
H in mT
44 mm bore forspindle with yarn
copper casing
LN2 tubes
supercondcutorFCDmin = 3mm
insulating vacuum
remanent fieldafter field coolingat ~200 mT, 77K
§ Enclosure of superconducting YBCO ring in a flow-through cryostat Superconducting magnetic bearing as twisting element
Klassifizierung Magnetlager
Linearlager Festes Lager
RadiallagerAxiallagerRotation bearing
Festes Lager: Manipulatoren
Visionary study - visualization
Handhabung von Proben
Labor- und Prozess-automatisierung
Supraleiterkryostat
Kompakt
Plug and play
Effizient!!!
Lebensdauer ist noch zu verbessern
First prototype in cooperation with FESTO AG & Co. KG
FESTO SupraMotion - Hannovermesse 2013
FUTURE CONCEPTS: scouting for application scenarios of superconductor bearings
SupraLinearMotion
SupraHandling
SupraPicker
Pictures: © Festo AG & Co. KG
FESTO SupraMotion 2.0 - Hannovermesse 2014
FUTURE CONCEPTS: scouting for application scenarios of superconductor bearings
SupraHandling 2.0
SupraShuttle
SupraChanger
Pictures: © Festo AG & Co. KG
FESTO SupraMotion 3.0
Suche nach Anwendungsszenarien Supraleitender Magnetlager in der Industrieautomation
SupraCarrier
SupraCycle
SupraHelix
Pictures: © Festo AG & Co. KG
Megatrend: Innovating to Zero*
Saubere Produktion
Nachhaltige Produktion
Sichere Produktion
- Kein Abrieb: Null Toleranz für Keime in Lebensmitteln und Medikamenten
- Keine Reibung: Null Wärmeeintrag in die Kühlkette
- Kein Verschleiß: Lange Lebensdauer für komplexe Lagerbauteile
- Keine Berührung: Null Verschleppung von radioaktiven, giftigen oder verseuchten Stoffen
* Frost & Sullivan: Top Ten Mega trends, Sarwant Singh
Lexus - Amazing in Motion
LexusAmazing in Motion
designed and built by Lexus and evico GmbH, and ridden by pro skateboarder Ross McGouran. The video was created as a PR piece for Lexus, to show off their forward-thinking, creativity and technology. Built and tested in Germany, final film with “hoverpark” near Barcelona, Spain
Partner:Lexus InternationalCHI & Partners Ltdevico GmbHIFW Dresden
2014 - 2015Pictures: © Lexus International
Lexus - Amazing in Motion
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
A A
B B
C C
D D
1 A3
Status Änderungen DATUM Name
Gezeichnet
Kontrolliert
Norm
DATUM Name20.04.2015 Kai Guenther
1 : 1Werkstoff / Halbzeug
Behandlung GewichtAbweichung für Maßeohne Toleranzangabe
nach DIN 7168 m
Werkstück-kanten nachDIN 6784
EVICO GmbHGroßenhainer Straße 10101127 Dresden
Maßstab
Cryoboard_150420
Symbole für die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit
Din EN ISO 1302Reihe 2
Symbol in der Zeichnung
Rz 100 Rz 25 Rz 6,3
w x y
-
Blatt
1 /
921
87
220
160
59
37°
53
79320100
15324
Thank you for your attention
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