Bellringer:
Guess which president said which
quote (Hoover or FDR)
1. “This nation asks for action, and action now. Not only
our future economic soundness but the very soundness
of our democratic institutions depends on the
determination of our government to give employment
to idle men.”
2. “Economic depression can not be cured by legislative
action or executive pronouncement. The basis of
successful relief in national distress is to mobilize and
organize the infinite number of agencies of self help in
the community. That has been the American way.”
In the 1930s, as part
of the Federal Art
Project—a
government
program created to provide jobs for
the unemployed—
murals were
painted in public buildings across the
country.
Artist Conrad
Albrizio created this
mural, The New Deal, in 1934.
What do you see?
Who is the man standing in the center? Why do you think he is dressed this way?
What do you think has happened to the man sitting in the center?
What are the other people in the mural doing?
What does this mural reveal about the role of the government during this time period?
Learning Target/ Essential Question
Essential Question: How did the expansion of government
during the New Deal affect the nation?
Standard: D. 1. g Evaluate the impact of the New Deal on
various elements of American society (e.g., social, political,
environmental, economic)
Learning Target:
I can identify and categorize the New Deal agencies.
I can explain the impact that each agency had on American
society.
New Deal Terms to Know
Deficit Spending: Spend more money than receiving in tax
revenue and borrow money to make up the difference.
Roosevelt’s First Steps as President
Inaugural Address: “The only thing
we have to fear is fear itself”
Fireside Chats: Roosevelt’s way to
communicate to the American
people directly
Bank Holiday: All banks
temporarily close to ease panic
Hundred Days…start of the First New Deal (plan introduced by
FDR to transform America
economically, socially, and politically)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osYAEggOtI8&list=PL3833257914F80DA9
Presidential Use of Mass Media
The First New Deal -
1933
The First New Deal - examples
National Industrial Recovery Act, which targeted the needs of business, labor unions, and the unemployed.
To help the unemployed, the NIRA established the Public Works Administration to oversee construction projects that would create jobs.
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by paying them to plant fewer crops so that prices would rise. With more income, farmers could pay their bills.
The Civilian Conservation Corps was a work-relief program that gave young men jobs through conservation projects.
The AAA sought to reduce
crop production and raise
prices to help farmers.
Here, an AAA worker is
examining the surface of
the land to find ways that
can improve farming.
The First New Deal - examples
The New Deal funded public works projects to stimulate the economy
and put people back to work. Among the largest projects were dams
like those built for the Tennessee Valley Authority. Workers also built
bridges and roads, planted trees, and cut trails through national forests.
This Depression-era mural by artist William Gropper is titled Construction
of the Dam.
The First New Deal - examples
Protests and Political Challenges
The American Liberty League was a group of
critics who believed that the New Deal had
gone too far in expanding the role of the
federal government.
Other critics, like Robert La Follette, Dr. Francis
Townsend, and Huey Long, believed that the
government should do more to help the needy.
The Second New Deal
One key program of the Second New Deal was the Works
Progress Administration, a work-relief organization that put more
than 3 million Americans to work on various projects in its first
year.
The Wagner Act created the National Labor Relations Board to
protect workers’ rights.
The Social Security Act created several programs to help Americans, including retirement, disability, and unemployment
benefits.
The WPA’s Federal Art project provided jobs for more than 5,000 artists
who created over 200,000 works of art. Many of the work that the WPA
commissioned were murals that depict scenes from American life, like
the one shown here. This mural was painted on a courthouse in Trenton,
New Jersey. Many of the WPA artists were inspired by famed Mexican
muralist Diego Rivera.
Alphabet Agency Worksheet
Alphabet Agencies: Federal gov’t acts and programs
created between 1933 and 1938 to help cure depression.
Social and Political Impacts
Women made some advances during the New Deal. Some
women held high government positions, but many lost their jobs
because employing men was more valued. New Deal legislation
ignored most women workers (domestics).
American Indians saw conditions improve with an Indian New
Deal, but it did not lift them out of poverty.
Some Mexican Americans benefited from the New Deal’s work-relief programs, but more than a third returned to Mexico.
The New Deal offered some hope for African Americans. It helped some get jobs, but many New Deal agencies still practiced racial segregation.
New Deal programs were racially segregated. FDR didn’t support African-Americans rights (reluctant to support federal anti-lynching law) because he needed Southern votes for New Deal legislation.
Court Packing Plan - 1937
6 of 9 justices were over 70 and thought
it was their duty to rule against FDR
(programs were “socialist”). 7 of 9 cases
involving New Deal were struck down.
1932 and 1936 elections were landslides
for FDR. FDR believes he has public
mandate for his programs.
FDR wants to add 1 new justice for every
justice over 70 (cap at 15 justices).
Roosevelt's initiative ultimately failed due
to adverse public opinion and the
retirement of one Supreme Court Justice
(who FDR got to replace)
Critics of the New Deal
Many programs were only temporary solutions.
Increased national debt. 1932-1939 ($19.5million$40.5million)
Said FDR was a dictator (court packing; increased
power of executive branch)
The New Deal did not end the Great Depression.
WWII ended the Great Depression
Legacy of the New Deal?
Welfare Programs
Social Security
Stock Market Regulation
Deficit Spending
Assessment
Franklin D Roosevelt Political Cartoons
(on notebook paper – turn in):
Choose 5 political cartoons. Determine which cartoons are pro-FDR
and which are anti-FDR. For EACH, you must include:
Title of Cartoon (if there is one)
Description of what’s going on in the cartoon
For FDR or Against FDR
Supporting evidence (how you know it’s for or against)
Exit Slip
1. Who are the people in the
political cartoon?
2. What words are in the cartoon?
3. Describe what is happening in
the cartoon.
4. What event in history is this
cartoon describing?
5. What is the author’s
argument/opinion?
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