Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
1
Stakeholder workshop for the exchange of practical experience
with the implementation of the VOC Solvent Emissions
Directive 1999/13/EC
Brussels 17th-18th June 2010
German approach to fugitive emissions,
with a focus on
coating and printing
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
2
Dr. Richard Schlachta
• Section Air Pollution Control in Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
• Responsible for enforcement of VOC Directive in Bavaria
• Participation as member of national ad-hoc working group on implementation of VOC Directive in Germany
Dr. Heinz Baumgarten
• Section Air Pollution Control in the Ministry of Urban Development and Environment in Hamburg
• In charge for enforcement of the VOC Directive in Hamburg
• Participation as member of national ad-hoc working group on implementation of VOC Directive in Germany
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
3
Contents:
1. Fugitive Emissions – German Definition in Ordinance
2. Reasons
3. Practical Example
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
4
Definition Fugitive Emissions
Directive Art. 2 No 10 – “Fugitive Emissions”
“Any emissions not in waste gases of VOC into air, soil and water as well as, unless
otherwise stated in Annex IIA, solvents contained in any products. They include
uncaptured emissions, released to the outside environment via windows, doors, vents
and similar openings”
German Ordinance § 2 No 6:
Like Directive
F = Fugitive Emissions
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
5
Definition Fugitive Emissions
Directive Art. 2 No 11 – “Waste Gas”
“Final gaseous discharge containing volatile organic compounds or other pollutants, from
a stack or abatement equipment into air”
German Ordinance § 2 No 12: Definition “Captured Waste Gas”
a) Waste gas, that is finally discharged into atmosphere from a waste gas treatment
unit = captured treated (= cleaned) waste gas
b) Waste gas, that is finally discharged into atmosphere by a stack or other waste gas
pipes = captured untreated (= not cleaned) waste gas
O1.1
O1.2
O1 = Emissions in Waste Gases
O1 = O1.1 + O1.2
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
6
Overview about different emissions and technical constellations
Captured cleaned waste gas O 1 Uncaptured emissions
O 4 as part of fugitive emissions
Hall
Captured but not cleaned waste gasO 1
O 4
Abatement unit
Maschines and technical equipment of the VOC installation
Ventilation / Air conditioning
Windows/Doors
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
7
German approach on fugitive emissions regarding waste gas
Captured cleaned waste gas O 1.1 Uncaptured emissions
O 4 as part of fugitive emissions
Hall
O 4
Abatement unit
Maschines and technical equipment of the VOC installation
Captured but not cleaned waste gas O 1.2 considered as partof fugitive emissions
Not captured directly !
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
8
The calculation of the fugitive emissions F according to the Solvent Directive and for normal activities according to the German Ordinance
F = O2 + O3 + O4 + O9 F = I1 – O1 – O5 –O6 – O7 – O8
German approach: Calculation for coating and printing installation
F = O1.2 + O2 + O3 + O4 + O9 F = I1 – O1.1 – O5 –O6 – O7 – O8 The general legal definition in Germany is the same, but for
certain installations O 1.2 has to be assigned to the fugitive emissions
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
9
For certain installations = generally coating installations:
O1.2 = uncleaned captured waste gas is considered as fugitive
emission!
• Heatset web offset printing installations
• Installations that realize other printing activities
• Vehicle refinishing installations
• Coating of road vehicles, driving cabs, commercial vehicles, and rail vehicles (solvent consumption =15 t/year)
• Coil coating installations
• Installations that coat other metallic or plastic surfaces
• Installations that coat wood or wood materials
• Installations that coat film or paper surfaces
• Adhesive coating installations
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
10
Consequences:
In all these cases where no VOC exhaust gas abatement unit exists all exhaust gases are fugitive
emissions ->emitted VOC content of applied materials = total solvent input = 100% fugitive
emission
-> always no compliance to fugitive limit value is given
(fugitive limit value results from a percentage of solvent input)
100% fugitive emissions
Installation of an exhaust gas abatement unit and compliance to emission limit values
Application of a reduction scheme and compliance to target values
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
11
Problem with „dilution or cooling“ with air is left out – it is not the target of VOC
Directive to comply to emission limit value (“mass concentration”) in waste gas by
dilution with air!
No discussions necessary according to fugitive emissions sources!
Differentiation between O 1.2 and VOC in ventilation no more important!
Numerous installations without exhaust gas abatement technique will choose the
reduction scheme = compliance of 31. BImSchV by taking primarily
measurements = avoidance of VOC emissions = aim of EU Directive!
Advantages:
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
12
Example No. 1
Captured cleaned
wastegas O 1:
Uncaptured emissions O 4 as part of fugitive emissions:
Hall
Abatement unit
Coating of metal surfaces
Total solvent consumptionC= I 1 = 14,0 t VOC/a
No VOC in waste/water
O 5 = 12,0 t VOC/a
O 1 = 0,450 t VOC/a(11,5 mg C/m³; factor 1,3; = 15 mg VOC/m³)
F = I 1 – O 1 – O 5
F = 14,0 - 12,0 - 0,45
F = 1,55 t VOC/a
O 5
Only a little part of O 4 through windows and doors: 0,20 t/a
5000 m³/h, 15 mg VOC/m³, 6000 h/a Air from
ventilation system (O 4)
Emissions of an existing facility, slightly simplified
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
13
Example No. 1Coating of metal
surfaces
Uncaptured emissions O 4 as part of fugitive emissions:26000 m³/h, 6000 h/a
Hall
Captured waste gas:12,6 t VOC/a
VOC in Air from Ventilation: 1,35 t VOC/a
Air and waste gas merged in one stack (sum): 13,95 t VOC/a
Calculated yearly average emission value
89,4 mg VOC/m³ = 68,8 mg C/m³
ELV (Annex IIA) = 100 mg C/m³
Air from ventilation:21000 m³/h, 6000 h/a10,7 mgVOC/m³, 1,35 t VOC/a
waste gas: 5000 m³/h, 6000 h/a420 mg VOC/m³, 12,6 t VOC /a
Possible concept to comply with the requirements without any abatement equipment (depending on the real hourly average emission)
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
14
Example – Wood Coating
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
15
Material Consump-tion [kg]
VOC-content [%] [kg]
Content solids [%] [kg]
Manual operated cleaning 3000 100 3.000 0 0 Clear-coat 20.000 80 16.000 20 4.000 Top-coat 10.000 50 5.000 50 5.000 Total 24.000 9.000
Case study: Coating of wood• 2-layer-application: clear-coat + top-coat
• No exhaust abatement technique
• Assumption: solvents will be emitted completely out of the coating
• The installation falls into the scope of the 31. BImSchV because exceeding solvent consumption threshold
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
16
Solvent management plan:
I1 Purchased solvent and put in 24.000 kg
I2 Recovered and reused solvent in the installation 2.000 (solvent recovery)
O1.1 Captured treated waste gas emissions 0 (air of the hall = fugitive emission)
O1.2 Captured untreated waste gas emissions 0 (air of the hall = fugitive emission)
O2 Solvent in waste water Here neglected
O3 Solvent in product Here neglected
O4 Uncaptured emissions Calculation
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
17
Solvent management plan:
O5 Destroyed solvent by an exhaust gas abatement
unit
Not applicable, because no
abatement unit for waste gas or
waste water
O6 Solvent in waste 3.200 kg/a
O7 Solvent in products to be sold Not applicable
O8 Recovered solvent but not as input into the
process
Not applicable
O9 Solvent released in other ways 2.000 ?
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
18
Determination of the solvent consumption:
LV = I1 – O8 = 24.000 kg – 0 kg = 24.000 kg
-> Installation Nr. 8.1 of Annex I of 31. BImSchV
Calculation of the fugitive emissions according Annex V Nr. 2.2.1 b:
F = I1- O1.1 – O5 – O6 – O7 – O8 =24.000 kg – 0 – 0 – 3.200 kg/a – 0 - 0 = 20.800 kg/a
Calculation of the total emissions according Annex V Nr. 2.1.2 b):
E = F + O1.1 = 20.800 kg/a + 0 = 20.800 kg/a
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health
17./18.06.2010 Dr. Heinz Baumgarten, Dr. Richard Schlachta
Ministry of Urban Developmentand Environment, Hamburg
19
Reduction scheme according to Annex IV section B:
Reference emissions: 9.000 kg solids/year * 3 (Multiplication factor) = 27.000 kg/year
Target emission = Reference emission * percentage = 27.000 kg/year * (25 + 15)% = 10.800
kg/year
Following total emissions may not be exceeded:
- from 01.11.2005: Target emission * 1,5 = 16.200 kg/year
- from 01.11.2007: Target emission = 10.800 kg/year
Result:
Emission reduction measures are necessary to comply to the target emission! In comparison:
current total emissions 20.800 kg/year!
Alternatives: Installation of an exhaust gas abatement unit or using a reduction scheme
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