Download - Banana Breeding in IITA

www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium

Brigitte UwimanaPostdoc Banana Breeder

IITA Uganda

Banana Breeding in IITA

Ibadan, September 9, 2015


On behalf of…


• Banana: members of the genus Musa

• Categories: cooking, beer/juice, dessert, ornamental and fiber bananas

• Banana breeding in IITA: important for Africa– Matooke– Mchare– Plantains

Banana


Constraints

Black SigatokaFusarium wilt Nematode Weevil

BXW

Banana streak virus

Banana bunchy top virus

Drought


Current (t/ha)

Potential(t/ha)

Matooke 5 to 30 70

Plantain 7.8 20

Yield potential


Three types of banana in three locations

Arusha (Tanzania) Sendusu/Namulonge (Uganda)

Ibadan (Nigeria)

Mchare: AA Matooke: AAA Plantains: AAB


Breeding objectives

Arusha (Tanzania) Sendusu/Namulonge (Uganda)

Ibadan (Nigeria)

Mchare Matooke PlantainsYield Yield Yield

Earliness, plant stature Earliness, plant stature Earliness, plant stature

Quality Quality Quality

Fusarium wilt Black Sigatoka Black Sigatoka

Black Sigatoka Weevil Weevil

Nematode Nematode


Three locations

Mchare: Northern Tanzania, Southern KenyaMatooke: Eastern Africa (400-600 kg/person/year in Uganda)Plantains: Central and Western Africa


Arusha

• Irrigation is a must• Possibility of drought experiments


Arusha


• Hosted by NM-AIST• 12 ha of land• Offices• TC lab • Molecular lab

TC lab ready in 1 weekInstallation of an irrigation system required

Arusha: at NM-AIST

Free of charge


Now:• Started in 2012• 1.5 ha for pollination• 2 ha for germplasm maintenance

(collection, mapping populations, NARITAs)• 0.5 ha for EET• 0.2 ha for experiments

Arusha


Sendusu/Namulonge


• Started 20 years ago• Hosted by NARO• 4 ha for pollination• 4 ha for EETs• 1 ha for PYTs• 2 ha for GS (training population)• 1 ha other (demonstration, heterosis)

Sendusu/Namulonge


Ibadan


• Re-started in 2012• 2 ha

– Pollination– Breeding collection– EET– other experiments

Ibadan


Conventional breeding: slow and expensive

3x 4x 2x

2x 3x

10 – 17 years


Conventional breeding: slow and expensive

Playing with ploidyParthenocarpyUnpredictable seed production

(3x)Poor seed/embryo germinationField Tissue culture

Screenhouse FieldFirst selection after 1-2 years99.9% of the hybrids

discarded in EET1 plant per 6 m2


• QTL analysis in diploid populations– Fusarium wilt– Weevil– Nematode

• Genomic selection– Yield– Agronomic traits

• GWAS– Drought– Parthenocarpy

Speeding up selection


• Gene expression– Drought, parthenocarpy

• Genomics– Sequencing of matooke and plantain breeding

material (100 accessions each): AOCC, ICRAF• Others

– Flower biology– Vit.A and, vit. C, Potassium– Chromosome doubling – Heterosis

Speeding up selection


• Data collected using tablets (Excel)• Field Book app being tested in Ibadan• Field note books for pollination• Back-up done on computers every week• Previous data on pollination digitalized

(Namulonge) Previous breeding data in Onne lost No efficient method of back-up (on-line) No BMS Musabase started

Data management


Project title Budget Duration Source

CRP-RTB 67,000 2015 CRP-RTB (W1/2)

CRP-RTB Complementary project 100,000 2015(2015 –2016)

CRP-RTB (W1/2)

CRP-A4NH 10,000 2015 CRP-A4NH

Improvement of banana for smallholder farmers in the Great Lakes Region of Africa

13 M 2014 - 2019 BMGF (W3)

Identification of pVAC-rich plantain varieties, hybrids and orange-fleshed diploids

96,000 2015(2014 – 2017)

HarvestPlus (W3)

Exchange of banana and plantain varieties and hybrids between IITA and EMBRAPA

78,000 2013 -2015 MarketPlace (W3)

On-going projects


• Rony Swennen: Senior Breeder (50%)

• Allan Brown: Breeder, Tanzania

• Brigitte Uwimana: Postdoc breeder, Uganda

• Delphine Amah: Regional breeding manager, Ibadan

Staff: breeders


StaffArusha

(Tanzania)Sendusu/Namulonge

(Uganda)Ibadan (Nigeria)

Mchare Matooke PlantainsResearch

supervisor/associate

1 1 2

Field assistant 3 8 2

TC lab technician 2 2 1

Molec. lab/cytogenetic

technician

1 - -

Driver - 0.5 -

PhD students 3 4 1


• Genetic Resources Center• Germplasm Health Unit• Nutrition Lab• Bioscience Center

George Mahuku: Pathology Danny Coyne: Nematology, BMGF Project management

IITA collaborators

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLHcvsaZ3ccCFYY2GgodeoIK8Q&url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWdqgZQdMgw&psig=AFQjCNFKwaBdDNitfEUQi-EHQR6Dg1Nm4g&ust=1441449893212092

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCKvl2O-Z3ccCFQbYGgodhRwMnA&url=http://nematologia.com.br/2014/09/gratis-boas-publicacoes-do-iita-sobre-nematoides/&bvm=bv.102022582,d.d2s&psig=AFQjCNEt6T0w1VpOq32DZ7GtpjCB1x6S0A&ust=1441449993933675


Partners

NARS CGIAR institutions

Adv. Research Institutes

Private

NARO (Uganda): Host, breeding, genetic studies,

pests and diseases

Bioversity: regional testing,

drought

EMBRAPA (Brazil): breeding,

Foc

CBS (Arusha, Tanzania): large

scale multiplication

ARI (Tanzania): nematode

AOCC: sequencing

IGD, Cornell(USA):

genotyping

Crop Bioscience (Kampala,

Uganda): large scale multiplication

WAAPP – NCOS(West Africa): evaluation of

hybrids

BTI, Cornell (USA): database

management

CIRAD: dwarfness in

banana


Partners (ctnd)Universities

NM-AIST(Arusha, Tanzania): Host

Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacky University (Czech Republic): GS studies

Stellenbosch University (South Africa): Foc

University of Queensland (Australia): Foc

University of the Free State (South Africa): Vit A

KU Leuven (Belgium): flower biology, drought

University of Malaya (Malaysia): Foc

SLU (Sweden): Nematode, weevil, heterosis

Royal Holloway University of London (UK): Metabolomics

Makerere University (Uganda): Flower biology


Achievement: 27 NARITAs

NARITA 1

NARITA 5

NARITA 7

NARITA 19

3x 4x 3x

NARITA 17

Going for MET in Tanzania and Uganda in 2015


Achievement: 27 NARITAs

NARITA 1

NARITA 5

NARITA 7

NARITA 19NARITA 17

• 21 for cooking, 5 for juice

• All resistant to black Sigatoka

• Yield: 9 to 38 t/ha

• 20 significantly higher than Mbwazirume (11 t/ha)

Going for MET in Tanzania and Uganda in 2015


• Yield increase up to 225%• All resistant to black Sigatoka• Short growth cycle

7 of them in MET in Ivory Cost, Comoros and DRC

Achievement: 16 PITAs


• First EETs in Arusha and Ibadan

• Chromosome doubling of 2x in Ibadan

First 4x in the field4x x 2x crossesHybrids in EET

• Protocol for metabolomics optimized

Achievement


• Complicated germplasm exchange• Sendusu/Namulonge:

• TC, molecular, nematology labs all hosted in one very small building

• No officesBuilding in need of some workGenerator in need of servicing

Key constraints


• Under-staffed• Fencing of the fields• Irrigation system: Arusha, Sendusu, Ibadan• Germplasm identity

Bar-coding• Data back-up and storage• Unreliable internet• Access to journals (Tanzania and Uganda)• Maintenance of hybrids/mapping populations

Cryo-preservation

Key constraints


• Breeding:– New and superior lines developed in the three groups of

banana – Nutritional quality: Vit A and C, Potassium– Flower biology understood– Heterotic parental combinations identified– Chromosome doubling adopted in IITA East Africa and

NARO

• Pests and diseases:– Efficient bioassays developed for fast screening– Breeding material tested for resistance to major pests

and diseases

Future plans


• Genetic and genomic studies– GS models developed for yield and agronomic traits– QTLs governing major traits identified (weevil, nematode,

Foc, BS, drought)– MAS applied for those traits– Diversity, chromosome structure – Gene discovery

• Musabase functional

• NARITAs and PITAs tested and selected in MET

Future plans


• IITA banana breeding team

• IITA collaborators• Partners• W3 donors• RTB

Acknowledgements