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Background on Development of
Introductory Course on Advanced Microgrids
John Eddy October 24, 2016
Discussion Outline
Background and history of infrastructure security and assurance Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) drivers
Sandia concepts, approaches, and applications
Lessons Learned
Microgrid considerations/applications for electric power security and assurance Sandia approach and strategic considerations
Chronology of Sandia microgrid efforts
Lessons Learned
Advanced microgrid training strategy and approach Emerging DoD and DOE drivers
Role and content of Introductory Course in Advanced Microgrids
Changing Values of Critical Infrastructures
“…the nation is so dependent on our infrastructures that we
must view them through a national security lens. They are essential to the nation’s security, economic health, and social well being.” President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection 1999
Most infrastructures depend on energy for operation
telecom, water, transportation, government, health, agriculture making energy assurance of local and regional importance
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
2006
Strategic
Plan
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Quadrennial
Defense Review
Report
DEPARTMENT OF
HOMELAND SECURITY
2008 Plan for
Protecting
Critical
Infrastructure
More flexible, reliable, cost and energy efficient,
sustainable and secure energy supplies
Critical Infrastructure Protection Changes in System Performance Metrics
Undesired
Output
Desired
Output
Non-normal
Input
Normal
Input
Normal
Environment
Non-normal
Environment
Function
Malfunction
Compliance-based
High probability, low
consequence
Performance-based
Low probability, high
consequence
6
Insider
Operational Trade-offs
How well are
you protected?
Consequences
Liabilities
What’s important?
Terrorist
Criminal
What to protect
against?
Undesired
Events, Hazards
Targets Natural,
Man-made
Events
Reduce Consequences
Risk Acceptable?
Cost Options
Decisions
Meet Standards?
Improve Protection
Other Impacts
What are Risk Assessment Methodologies (RAMs) trying to determine?
How much protection is enough?
Characterize
Facilities
Define
Threats
Determine
Consequences
Identify
Mitigations
Analyze
System
Make Changes & Reassess
PA
PE
R
Sufficient Assurance
?
Y
N
Risk = PA x (1-PE) x C
C
End Until Change
Risk
Compare System
Performance to Energy
Security and Mission
Assurance Goals
2001 Sandia Risk Assessment Methodology – Energy (RAM-E)
A quantitative approach to assess energy system Performance against a range of threats and vulnerabilities
8
RAM-D (Dams) RAM-T (Electrical Utility Transmission Systems) RAM-W (Municipal Water Systems) RAM-C (Communities) RAM-CF (Chemical Facilities) RAM-P (Prisons) RAM-E (Energy Systems) RAM-FAA (Airspace management facilities) RC RAM-W (DHS RAMCAP/NIPP compliant version) BioRAM (bio hazards) RAM-CI prototype (all sectors) Automated RAM-W (Water/Wastewater Systems)
Sandia Infrastructure Security Risk Assessment Methodologies (RAMs)
Circa 2005 DoD and Utility Electric Power Security and Reliability Concerns
Practice of providing power security based on back-up generators was
problematic
Frequently over-sized and under-maintained, low probability of start (<60%)
Dedicated to one building or facility
Operations for extended periods problematic
Stating 9’s of reliability – did not adequately factor in the erosion of critical mission capability for extended outages
Safety requirements forced renewable energy technologies to go offline during a power outage
Several large events highlighted that energy assurance was not impacted only by intentional event – Fires in the west with multi-state outages, large eastern multi-state outages due to weather
Sandia started looking at advanced microgrids as a likely energy assurance solution
Advanced Microgrids To Support Smart Grid Initiatives
Gen
Bulk supply connection
(sub-transmission)
Partial Feeder
Micro-grid
Gen
Single
Customer Microgrid
Feeder
Other
FeedersFull Feeder
Microgrid
Full Substation
Microgrid
Distribution Substation
Gen
Gen
Gen
Bulk supply connection
(sub-transmission)
Partial Feeder
Micro-grid
Gen
Single
Customer Microgrid
Feeder
Other
FeedersFull Feeder
Microgrid
Full Substation
Microgrid
Distribution Substation
Gen
Gen
Nanogrid Less than 10-kW, single-phase, residential
Small microgrid From 10-kW to 500-kW, typically three phase
Commercial microgrid Greater than 1 MW up to 20MW
6
Ref EPRI
Chronology of Sandia Advanced Microgrid Program
Initial microgrid program with DoD in 2007 Evaluation and demonstration of microgrids at Ft. Sill and Maxwell
AFB as part of 2005 Sandia microgrid LDRD
Issues with DoD funding, Corps of Engineers RFP process slowed demonstrations
Focus on safe integration of renewables and energy security
Initial microgrid program with DOE in 2009 (OE and FEMP) Focus on ‘advanced microgrids’ that support Smart Grid
Operate islanded and grid tied, integrate renewables and distributed generation better, energy security
Use DoD bases as test beds – they own their own infrastructure
Leverage DoD funding to evaluate microgrid options
From DoD lessons learned, identify commercial advanced microgrid evaluation and implementation approaches
Energy Surety Microgrid Experience with DoD Conceptual
Designs/Assessments
Small Scale
Microgrid Demos
Large Scale
Microgrid Demos
Operational
Prototypes
• Philadelphia Navy Yard – FY11,
DOE OE/PIDC
• Camp Smith – FY10, DOE
FEMP
• West Point FY12, DoD/DOE
• Indian Head NWC – FY09, DOE
OE/DoD
• Ft. Sill – FY08, Sandia LDRD
• Ft. Bliss – FY10, DOE FEMP
• Ft. Carson – FY10, DOE FEMP
• Ft. Devens (99th ANG) – FY09,
DOE OE/DoD
• Ft. Belvoir – FY09 DOE
OE/FEMP
• Cannon AFB – FY11, DOE
OE/DoD
• Vandenberg AFB – FY11, DOE
FEMP
• Kirtland AFB – FY10, DOE
OE/DoD
• Maxwell AFB – FY09, DoD/DOE
• Soto Cano – 2012, DoD/OSD
• Creech AFB – 2012, DoD/OSD
• Bagram – 2013, DoD/OSD
• 29 Palms – 2014, DoD/ESTCP
• Maxwell AFB – FY09,
DoD
• Ft. Sill – FY09, DoD w/
SNL serving as
advisor
• SPIDERS JCTD –
FY11, DOE/DoD
• Camp Smith
• Ft Carson
• Hickam AFB
• H.R. 5136 National
Defense Authorization
Act
The 2010 QDR Provides Guidance on Energy Security and Energy Assurance For DoD
Defines Energy Security
“Energy security for the Department means having assured access to reliable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet operational needs”
Directs facilities to:
Address energy security while simultaneously enhancing mission assurance
Conduct a coordinated energy assessment to prioritize critical assets
Promote investments in energy efficiency Ensure that critical assets are prepared for prolonged
outages: natural disasters, accidents, attacks
Advanced Microgrid Design Course Strategy Team with USACE/CERL to provide a DoD process for energy
evaluation and designs to support QDR (2011-2012) Course 1 - Vulnerability analysis and general conceptual design
training (Sandia) Provide preliminary design and cost ROM for DoD 1391 for MILCON
Developed based on lessons learned from site evaluations
Course 2 – Training on the use of analysis and design tools for final microgrid design, construction, control, and operation (Sandia/CERL) Technical engineering, procurement, operation and construction support
Based on lessons learned from SPIDERS
Assessments at several DoD sites - Kirtland, Philadelphia Navy Yard, and West Point suggested military and civilian microgrid applications have significant similarities Suggested courses, tools etc. support could be very similar
Interest from DOE, MWCOG, MA, and KIER (2012-2014)
Energy Surety Design Methodology
Evaluate Performance
Define Design Basis
Threats (DBT)
Define Performance Goals
& Objectives
Determine Consequences
Formulate Possible
Solutions
Make Changes and Reassess Meet
Objectives? Implement
No Yes
Characterize System &
Define Boundary
Initial Assessment Phase
Analysis Phase
Analyze, Optimize
Identify Critical Loads and
Infrastructure
Iterate, Validate
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Fundamentals of Advanced Microgrid Evaluation and Conceptual Design Course
Developed for generally non-technical, mid-management participants, stakeholders, etc. Base/city managers, base/city engineers, base/city planners, base/city
utility managers, public safety officials, state and utility representatives
Focus on initial phases of Sandia ESDM Background on energy infrastructure and components, energy
assurance, and microgrid applications
How to set energy system performance goals/objectives
How to identify critical infrastructures, services, buildings, missions
How to identify threats and outage durations
How to assess the vulnerability/performance risk of the current energy infrastructure relative to the performance goals
How to develop ROM cost estimates of upgrade options to identify funding needs for various risk reduction options
Fundamentals of Advanced Microgrid Evaluation and Conceptual Design Course
Developed as a 3-day course Includes two course books
Text book with background information, presentation summaries, technical information
Workbook with example problems, worksheets, example evaluation
2- days of lectures and example problems, final day an example city/base evaluation
Developed from funding from DOE/OE (FY 12), KIER (FY13-14), Rivermoor Energy (FY13), and DOE/EERE (FY14) Worked on initial content and approach with Northampton, MA in 2013
Taught “alpha” version with KIER in May 2014
Prepared “beta” version in August- December 2014
DoD and DOE EERE interested in using in 2015 (3 different locations)
Advanced Microgrid Course Organization
Module 1 – Introduction to Electric Power and Energy Surety
Module 2 – Introduction to Microgrids
Module 3 – Energy Surety Design Methodology
Module 4 – Defining Energy System Boundaries
Module 5 – Ranking Critical Assets and Services
Module 6 – Identify Design Basis Threats
Module 7 – Developing Performance Goals and Objectives
Module 8 – Performance Risk Analysis
Module 9 – Load Estimation Techniques
Module 10 – Formulating and Evaluating System Reliability and Availability Options
Module 11 – Design Option Cost Estimation
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