AWARE Shark Conservation Diver AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseDistinctive Specialty Course
- Lesson Guides -- Lesson Guides -
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Product No. 72003 (09/11) Version 1.0
Welcome to your courseWelcome to your course
Introductions Course goals Course overview Class requirements
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseWelcome 2
We’ll talk about . . .We’ll talk about . . .
Unique physical attributes of sharks Conservation status of sharks Life history traits that make sharks
vulnerable Importance to marine ecosystems
SECTION 1: Sharks in Peril and why we should care
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
3Welcome
Continued . . .
SECTION 1Sharks in Peril
We’ll talk about . . .We’ll talk about . . .
Threats to sharks Management strategies to protect
sharks Value to local economies Misperceptions of sharks
SECTION 2: Managing threats and recognising values
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
4Welcome
Continued . . .
SECTION 2Managing Threats
We’ll talk about . . .We’ll talk about . . .
Personal actions to protect sharks Your local sharks Responsible environmental
guidelines for diving with sharks Join the Project AWARE movement
SECTION 3: Taking action and joining the Project AWARE movement
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
5Welcome
SECTION 3Taking Action
Sharks in Peril Sharks in Peril and why we should careand why we should care
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
6
SECTION 1:
What are the unique physical What are the unique physical attributes of sharks?attributes of sharks?
First sharks over 400 mya Modern sharks around 100 mya Found in every marine environment Roughly 500 species Most sharks have:
a streamlined, torpedo shaped body
rigid dorsal and pectoral fins Most predators, some scavengers
or filter feeders
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS1: Sharks in Peril 7
Continued . . .
What are the unique physical What are the unique physical attributes of sharks?attributes of sharks?
Sharks have unique physical attributes that make them different from other fish:
Skeleton made from cartilage
No swim bladder Exposed gill slits
Share these attributes with skates and rays
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS1: Sharks in Peril 8
What is the conservation What is the conservation status of sharks?status of sharks?
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
9S1: Sharks in Peril
Continued . . .
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Review of 1044 Shark, Ray and Chimaera Species
Critically Endangered 2% Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
Endangered 4% Very high risk of extinction in the wild
Vulnerable 11% High risk of extinction in the wild
Near Threatened 13%Close to qualifying or likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future
Least Concern 23%Not qualifying as Threatened including widespread and abundant species
Data Deficient 47% More information required for assessment
30% of 1044 assessed sharks, rays and chimaeras are Threatened or Near Threatened with extinction
What is the conservation What is the conservation status of sharks?status of sharks?
More alarming estimates:
More alarming estimates
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
10S1: Sharks in Peril
Species Location Status
Sharks and rays Pelagic
(open ocean) One third threatened with extinction
Hammerhead sharks NW & W Central
AtlanticDeclined by 89% since 1986
Great hammerheads E Atlantic Declined by 80%
Porbeagle and spiny dogfish sharks
NW Atlantic Reduced by 90%
Sharks Europe One third Threatened with extinction
14 species of sharks and rays
Mediterranean Critically Endangered
What life history traits make What life history traits make sharks vulnerable?sharks vulnerable?
Sharks vulnerable to overfishing because:
Long time to sexual maturity Long gestations Small number of offspring Breed only every 2nd or 3rd
year Strategy works under natural
conditions Fails when fishing removes many
individuals
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS1: Sharks in Peril 11
Continued . . .
What life history traits make What life history traits make sharks vulnerable?sharks vulnerable?
Compare shark reproductive strategy with bony fish that:
Release millions of eggs in a lifetime, so
More likely to recover from fishing impacts
Most fisheries management based on bony fish strategy
Sharks tend to form groups based on age, gender and maturity
Removal of older breeding age females
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS1: Sharks in Peril 12
Continued . . .
What is the importance of What is the importance of sharks to marine ecosystems?sharks to marine ecosystems?
Keep a balance among prey species
Often the apex predator Top of many food chains Feed on many different
species Change food when one
prey animal is hard to find Remove sick, injured and
diseased animals
Crucial to maintain health of marine ecosystems
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
13S1: Sharks in Peril
What is the importance of What is the importance of sharks to marine ecosystems?sharks to marine ecosystems?
Food chains describe how energy moves among species
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
14S1: Sharks in Peril
Small carnivores consumed by large
carnivores until apex predators reached
Herbivores consumed
by carnivores
(meat eaters)
Plants consumed
by herbivores
(plant eaters)
Starts with plants that
use the sun’s
energy to make their body parts
Continued . . .
What is the importance of What is the importance of sharks to marine ecosystems?sharks to marine ecosystems?
Removing animals from a food chain can have repercussions throughout an ecosystem:
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
15S1: Sharks in Peril
Fewer apex predators
more lower-level carnivores
fewer herbivores
more macroalgae
(e.g. seaweed, base of food chain)
Continued . . .
What is the importance of What is the importance of sharks to marine ecosystems?sharks to marine ecosystems?
Study at NW Hawaii Islands Apex predators:
More than 50% of fish biomass
Less than 10% on fished reefs
Sharks are bigger Populations of all species are far
greater A larger variety of other species
Relatively untouched reefs can show the impact of removing apex predators (including sharks)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
16S1: Sharks in Peril
Continued . . .
What is the importance of What is the importance of sharks to marine ecosystems?sharks to marine ecosystems?
Prefer to eat in the middle of sea grass bed
Stay on outside when sharks present
Seagrass beds important habitat for many species
Sharks found to protect seagrass beds from over-grazing by dugongs and green sea turtles:
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
17S1: Sharks in Peril
Sharks keep marine environments healthy -Important for all marine animals and for humans!
WeWe’’ve talked aboutve talked about
Unique physical attributes of sharks Conservation status of sharks Life history traits that make sharks
vulnerable Importance to marine ecosystems
SECTION 1: Sharks in Peril and why we should care
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
18S1: Sharks in Peril
Any Questions?
Managing threats and Managing threats and recognising valuesrecognising values
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
19
SECTION 2:
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Targeted fisheries and as bycatch
Mainly caught for: Fins: to make shark fin
soup Meat: strong demand
from Europe
It is mostly due to overfishing that many shark species
are threatened with extinction
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
20S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Total of annual shark catch: Nearly 80% - top 20 shark catching nations More than 35% - top 4 shark catching nations
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 21
The top 20 shark catching nations in order of size of catch, greatest take first
Rank Country Rank Country Rank Country Rank Country
1 Indonesia 6 Mexico 11 Thailand 16 Portugal
2 India 7 Pakistan 12 France 17 Nigeria
3 Spain 8 USA 13 Brazil 18 Iran
4 Taiwan 9 Japan 14 Sri Lanka 19 UK
5 Argentina 10 Malaysia 15 New Zealand 20 S Korea
Source: The Future of Sharks: A Review of Action and Inaction
Continued . . .
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Some of the many uses of shark body parts
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
22S2: Managing Threats
Species Part Where How
Most sharks Fins Global, but centered on Asia
Shark fin soup
Spiny dogfish Meat Europe
Spiny dogfish Meat UK Fish and Chips
Spiny dogfish Meat Germany To make Schillerlocken
Porbeagle Meat France Known as veal of the sea
Mako, thresher and blacktip
Meat America Shark steaks
Greenland and basking shark
Meat Iceland and Greenland
Used to produce hákarl
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Some of the many uses of shark body parts
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
23S2: Managing Threats
Part Where How
Meat Australia Known as flake, often used in fish and chips
Meat Global Products called fish may contain shark i.e. fish fingers
Liver oil Global Many industrial uses
Shark skin A delicacy and also used to make leather products
Liver oil and cartilage
Said to have health benefits, though unproven
Jaws and teeth
sold as souvenirs
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FOA) estimate of shark, ray and chimaera catch:
2003: 0.90 million tonnes 2006: 0.75 million tonnes
Unknown if decline due to: Better fisheries
management Less sharks Combination of both
Difficult to estimate annual shark take Countries have different reporting requirements, or none at all
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
24S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Study of shark fin trade records shows FAO figures an underestimate
Found annual shark catch to support global shark fin trade to be: Between 1.21 to 2.29 million tonnes, with a median of 1.70
million tonnes Equivalent to between 26 and 73 million sharks
Therefore 38 million sharks per year is the best estimate for the global shark catch
This figure does not include: Sharks killed for domestic fin markets Sharks discarded dead at sea Sharks killed for their meat only
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 25
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Status symbol in Chinese culture
Demand fast outpacing supply Driving the global depletion of
shark populations Among the most valuable
fisheries products Bowl of soup can cost
US$100
Shark Fin Soup
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
26S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Removing a shark's fins at sea Often still alive
Body dumped overboard Why do fishers do that?
High value of fins / low value of meat
Why is this allowed to happen? Finning banned by many
countries, but Poor monitoring and
regulations
Shark Finning
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
27S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Part of a catch that is: not the target species, or undersized
Can not be landed in many regions
Often dumped overboard Tens of millions of sharks
killed as bycatch every year Usually not recorded in fishery
records
Bycatch
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
28S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Habitat Loss 75% coral reefs threatened
from local pressures and climate change
1/5th mangroves removed since 1980
Coastal Development Damages shark habitats
and nurseries
Other Impacts
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
29S2: Managing Threats
What major threats contribute What major threats contribute to declines in shark populations?to declines in shark populations?
Marine debris Our rubbish in the ocean Sharks eat marine debris or
become entangled Ghost nets
Swimmer protection devices Beach nets and baited drumlines Kills harmless sharks Kills other species: dolphins,
rays and turtles etc
Other Impacts
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
30S2: Managing Threats
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Be well-enforced, with science-based catch limits
Have conservation measures consistent throughout the range of each species
Be science-based and take a precautionary approach
Aim to minimise waste
For shark fisheries to be sustainable, shark fisheries management should:
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
31S2: Managing Threats
We will now look at some management strategies that can help protect sharks
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Shark fishing nations to implement a National Plan of Action (NPOA) for the conservation and management of sharks
Aims to make shark fisheries sustainable by:
Assessing threats such as overfishing Protecting critical habitats Minimising waste and discards (e.g.
finning bans) Encouraging the full use of dead sharks
International Plan of Action-Sharks (IPOA-Sharks)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
32S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Should implement a Shark NPOA by 2001:
Voluntary As of 2011 only 13 of the Top
20 nations have a plan IPOA process has raised the
profile of sharks Led to some improvement in
shark fisheries management
International Plan of Action-Sharks (IPOA-Sharks)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
33S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Facilitate management of multi-nation fishing:
In international waters, or For highly migratory species
Aims to conserve fish populations through agreements
Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
34S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Slow to address shark overfishing Management based on fast
breeding bony fish Most RFMOs banned shark
finning But did not set international
shark fishing quotas for the high seas
Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
35S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Finning banned by most RFMOs and nearly 30 countries
Does not stop sharks being caught Aims to ensure shark carcasses
are kept after fins removed Stipulates a maximum fin to carcass
ratio allowed onboard Dump the carcass = exceed the
ratio
Finning Bans
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
36S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
IUCN recommends ratio not exceed 5% of dressed weight
Dressed weight = heads and guts removed
Using whole weight creates a loophole
Allows 2 to 3 sharks to be finned for every carcass kept
Europe and Brazil bans specify whole weight
Sets a bad example
Finning Bans
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
37S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Finning bans could dramatically reduce shark mortality if properly enforced
Finning Bans
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
38S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
Most effective way to enforce finning bans is to require that carcasses are landed
with fins naturally attached
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
International agreement among 175 countries
Regulates or bans international trade in Threatened species
Binding on member countries Resistance to listing sharks due
to commercial value
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
39S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
As of 2011 only three sharks included under CITES Appendix II:
Basking Shark Whale Shark Great White Shark
Proposals to list porbeagle, hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks rejected
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
40S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Protect from extractive industries Fishing Mining Collecting for aquariums
Known by variety of names marine parks aquatic reserves marine reserves sanctuary zones etc
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
41S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Different levels of protection: Fully protected no-take zones
(all extractive activities banned), or
Multiple uses through a system of zoning
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
42S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Benefits of MPAs: Bony fish recover from
overfishing More fish in surrounding areas Economic advantages through
marine tourism Only around 1% of the world’s
ocean protected by MPAs Less than 0.1% of these MPAs are
no-take zones
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
43S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Protects sharks when positioned over key habitats:
Where sharks congregate to mate
Nursery grounds Works best for sharks with
limited range Migratory sharks?
If a network of MPAs covers the range of habitats through which the sharks migrate
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
44S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Dive tourism can lead to the creation of shark sanctuaries:
Palau, 2009: entire ocean territory
Maldives, 2010: entire ocean territory
Bahamas and Honduras, 2011: territorial waters
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
45S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
To be effective shark sanctuaries need:
Management and monitoring Funding Patrols and enforcement Compensation for fishers, or
an alternate income Dive tourism is leading to local
and even national protection for sharks
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
46S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
What key management What key management strategies can protect sharks?strategies can protect sharks?
Result of fisheries management failures
Level of illegal shark fishing may not be high
Few rules to break! Lack of species-specific
reporting a huge hindrance to shark conservation
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
47S2: Managing Threats
What is the value of sharks What is the value of sharks to local economies?to local economies?
Continue to provide income and protein for many people if fished at a sustainable level
Sharks provide economic benefits as a source of food and as tourist attractions
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
48S2: Managing Threats
Continued . . .
The problem is not that we are fishing for sharks; the problem is that in most cases
we are overfishing sharks
What is the value of sharks What is the value of sharks to local economies?to local economies?
Sharks at popular dive centres have a greater value as tourist attractions than when fished
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
49S2: Managing Threats
Value of shark dive tourism to Palau
$18 million per year
US$1.9 million one reef shark over its lifetime
US$108 one shark when fished
Value of shark dive tourism to the Maldives
US$3,300 one reef shark per year
US$33,500 one reef shark per year at the most popular sites
US$32 one shark when fished
Continued . . .
What is the value of sharks What is the value of sharks to local economies?to local economies?
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 50
Value of shark dive tourism to the Bahamas
US$800 million over a twenty year period
US$250,000 one reef shark over its lifetime
US$50-60 one shark when fished
Value of global whale shark tourism
US$47.5 million in 2004
Value of shark and ray tourism to the Canary Islands
€17.7 million annually
429 jobs supported
Value of shark dive tourism to South Africa
US$4.1 million diving with great white sharks, 2003
US$1.8 million diving with tiger sharks, 2007
Continued . . .
What is the value of sharks What is the value of sharks to local economies?to local economies?
Dive tourism can: Improve appreciation of
sharks Create shark conservation
advocates This can lead to protection for
shark species not associated with diving, such as those in international waters
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 51
How do we remove common How do we remove common misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?
Undeserved reputation as a mindless killer
Often portrayed as man-eaters Media often greatly exaggerates
shark attack stories 1975 film Jaws portrayed sharks
as vengeful hunters of humans
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 52
Continued . . .
How do we remove common How do we remove common misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?
The reality? Unlikely to attack
International Shark Attack File 2010: 79 unprovoked shark attacks Only 6 were fatal
Shark attacks levelled off over last 30 years to average 63.5 per year
Growing human population means number of attacks should increase
Falling shark populations the possible explanation
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty CourseS2: Managing Threats 53
How do we remove common How do we remove common misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?misperceptions of sharks that are a barrier to conservation?
Only about 10 species implicated in unprovoked attacks
Mostly bull, tiger, and white sharks
Most attacks thought to be mistakes or explorations
Not understanding the variety of shark species another barrier to protection
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
54S2: Managing Threats
Ocean the shark's home
We choose to accept the risk when we swim
WeWe’’ve talked aboutve talked about
Threats to sharks Management strategies to protect
sharks Value to local economies Misperceptions of sharks
SECTION 2: Managing threats and recognising values
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
55S2: Managing Threats
Any Questions?
Taking action and joining the Taking action and joining the Project AWARE movementProject AWARE movement
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
56
SECTION 3:
What personal actions What personal actions can I take to protect sharks?can I take to protect sharks?
Get involved Make personal changes to
protect sharks Join campaigns Support Marine Protected Areas Tell others Respond to alarmist media
stories Support Project AWARE
www.projectaware.org Tread lightly on the planet
Everyday Actions
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
57S3: Taking Action
Continued . . .
What personal actions What personal actions can I take to protect sharks?can I take to protect sharks?
If you choose to eat seafood Look for sustainable fisheries
Sustainable Seafood Guides
Avoid products that contain sharks
Choose not to eat shark fin soup Avoid purchasing items that
contain shark products Support genuine ecotourism
operations
Purchase Decisions
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
58S3: Taking Action
Continued . . .
What personal actions What personal actions can I take to protect sharks?can I take to protect sharks?
Make your dives count Dive Against Debris
Be an AWARE diver Ten Ways A Diver Can Protect
The Underwater Environment Ten Tips for Underwater
Photographers
Be an AWARE Diver
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
59S3: Taking Action
What sharks are found in our local area What sharks are found in our local area and what is their conservation status?and what is their conservation status?
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
60S3: Taking Action
Continued . . .
What sharks are found in our local area What sharks are found in our local area and what is their conservation status?and what is their conservation status?
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
61S3: Taking Action
Environmental Guidelines for Environmental Guidelines for diving with sharksdiving with sharks
Be an AWARE diver
Do not block their movement by swimming in front of them, allow them to move away
Do not block their exit if they are inside a cave or overhang
These guidelines will help you minimise your impacts when diving with sharks
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
62S3: Taking Action
Do not descend on top of sharks
Do not get close to sharks
Be familiar with and follow local regulations and protocols
Always seek safety advice from a dive professional familiar with sharks found at the dive site before diving with sharks
Join the Project AWARE movementJoin the Project AWARE movement
Ocean fighting for its life! 2 major issues where divers can
make a difference Shark decline Marine debris
Dive Against Debris: underwater survey of rubbish in our ocean
Your data will: Cause changes that stop rubbish from
entering the ocean Reduce marine life death and injuries
Project AWARE’s powerful movement for ocean protection starts with you
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
63S3: Taking Action
Continued . . .
Join the Project AWARE movementJoin the Project AWARE movement
Dive Centres and AWARE leaders Manage local conservation
events Report data Connect with volunteers
Explore My Ocean Create a profile Volunteer for events Find new dive buddies
My Ocean – unique eco-networking site for ocean protection
S3: Taking ActionAWARE Shark Conservation Diver
Distinctive Specialty Course64
Continued . . .
Your Profile
Your Blogs
Your Buddies
Join the Project AWARE movementJoin the Project AWARE movement
Calls to action, petitions and activities centered on our ocean planet
Think ocean protection every time you dive
Join the movement to protect our ocean planet – one dive at a time
Be an AWARE Diver
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
65S3: Taking Action
www.projectaware.org
WeWe’’ve talked aboutve talked about
Personal actions to protect sharks Your local sharks Responsible environmental
guidelines for diving with sharks Join the Project AWARE movement
SECTION 3: Taking action and joining the Project AWARE movement
AWARE Shark Conservation Diver Distinctive Specialty Course
66S3: Taking Action
Any Questions?
Join the MovementJoin the Movementwww.projectaware.org
Top Related