8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
1/18
Nitrogen (N2) 78.08%
Oxygen (O2) 20.95%
Argon (Ar) 0.93%
Neon, Helium,
Krypton0.0001%
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
2/18
Variable Components
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.038%
Water vapor (H20) 0-4%
Methane (CH4) trace
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) trace
Ozone (O3) trace
Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O) trace
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
3/18
Composition of dry atmosphere, by volume[2]
Gas Volume
Nitrogen (N2) 780,840 ppmv (78.084%)
Oxygen (O2) 209,460 ppmv (20.946%)
Argon (Ar) 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 390 ppmv (0.039%)
Neon (Ne) 18.18 ppmv (0.001818%)
Helium (He) 5.24 ppmv (0.000524%)Methane (CH4) 1.79 ppmv (0.000179%)
Krypton (Kr) 1.14 ppmv (0.000114%)
Hydrogen (H2) 0.55 ppmv (0.000055%)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 0.3 ppmv (0.00003%)
Carbon monoxide (CO) 0.1 ppmv (0.00001%)
Xenon (Xe) 0.09 ppmv (9106
%) (0.000009%)
Ozone (O3) 0.0 to 0.07 ppmv (0 to 7106%)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 0.02 ppmv (2106%) (0.000002%)
Iodine (I2) 0.01 ppmv (1106%) (0.000001%)
Ammonia (NH3) trace
Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water va or H O~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1%-4% at
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
4/18
Argon
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
5/18
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
6/18
Rayleigh scattering
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
7/18
Figure 1: Craters on the far side of the moon (L) and
Manicouagan crater in Quebec (R). Image courtesy of NASA.
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
8/18
Ozone Molecule
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
9/18
What the Ozone Layer Does
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
10/18
Low level ozone
Low level ozone (or tropospheric ozone) is anatmospheric pollutant. It is not emitted directly bycarengines or by industrial operations, but formed by thereaction of sunlight on air containing hydrocarbonsand nitrogen oxides that react to form ozone directlyat the source of the pollution or many kilometers downwind.
Ozone reacts directly with some hydrocarbons such
as aldehydes and thus begins their removal from theair, but the products are themselves key componentsof smog.
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
11/18
Usefulness of Ozone Disinfect laundry in hospitals, food factories, care homes etc
Disinfect water in place ofchlorine Deodorize air and objects, such as after a fire. This process is extensively
used in fabric restoration
Kill bacteria on food or on contact surfaces
Sanitize swimming pools and spas
Kill insects in stored grain Scrub yeast and mold spores from the air in food processing plants;
Wash fresh fruits and vegetables to kill yeast, mold and bacteria
Manufacture chemical compounds viachemical synthesis
Clean and bleach fabrics (the former use is utilized in fabric restoration;
the latter use is patented);
Assist in processing plastics to allow adhesion of inks;
Age rubber samples to determine the useful life ofabatch of rubber;
Eradicate water borne parasites
DEGRADE PLASTICS
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
12/18
Propellant/Foam
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
13/18
Ozone Depletion
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
14/18
Ozone Hole
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
15/18
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
16/18
Carbon Dioxide
A candy called Pop Rocks is pressurized with carbon
dioxide gas at about 40 bar
Leavening agents produce carbon dioxide to cause
dough to rise. Baker's yeast produces carbon dioxideby fermentation of sugars.
arbon dioxide is used to produce carbonatedsoft
drinks and soda water
Fire extinguisher
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
17/18
Toxicity
1% can cause drowsiness with prolonged exposure.
At 2% it is mildly narcoticand causes increased bloodpressure and pulse rate, and causes reduced hearing.
At about 5% it causes stimulation of the respiratorycenter, dizziness, confusion and difficulty in breathingaccompanied by headache and shortness ofbreath.Panicattacks may also occur at this concentration.
At about8%
it causes headache, sweating, dim vision,tremor and loss ofconsciousness after exposure forbetween five and ten minutes.
8/7/2019 Atmospheric Components and Ozone
18/18
Top Related