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Assessing participation of IITA in

cassava processing activities in Nigeria

T. Abdoulaye, A. Abass, B. Maziya-

Dixon, G. Tarawali, R. Okechukwu, J.

Rusike, A. Arega and V. Manyong.

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Outline

• Background

• Methods

• Conceptual framework

• Preliminary results

• Observations from surveys

• Future work

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Background

• Cassava impact well documented - productivity gains

• Processing research undocumented

• IITA promoted cassava processing - late 80’s

• Processing increases demand and adoption

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Background

• Processing options for farmers on labor resource

management

• Research on cassava improvement and agricultural

engineering and processing and product development

• PI 2002 opened frontier for marketing processed products

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Objectives

• Credible evidence of the impact of IITA cassava

processing research or lack of it in Nigeria

Specifically identify:

(a) technologies and processes developed and promoted -

how

(b) Characteristics of innovations generated and their

outcomes

(c) Impact of cassava processing research interventions on

households and others sector participants

(d) Lessons to be learned from interventions

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Hypotheses

• Cassava processing research activities generated a

new stream of outputs with potential to confer benefits

to market participants

• The innovations were adopted by fabricators and

processors and resulted in the changes in their

efficiencies

• Improved varieties and Processing are complementary

technologies

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Data Analysis

Data will be analyzed using:

- Descriptive statistics

- Budgeting methods

- Econometric models. including micro-econometric

evaluation methods.

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Approach

• Data from 14 states, 74 villages in 4 regions of Nigeria

• 36 villages with IITA intervention

•38 villages with no-IITA intervention

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Location of Surveyed communities

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Data and Sampling

Households Machine

fabricators

Processors

South West 422 14 10

South East 184 37 48

South South 253 7 69

North Central 93 0 16

Total 952 58 143

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Outcomes: Farmers, Fabricators and Processors:

Changes in knowledge

and practices

Increased business skills

Cost savings

More hygienic facilities

New business, new products

Increased incomes

Impact: Households, village, LGA, State and Nation

Inputs: Facilitation,

Advocacy, labor, funds,

plants, equipments etc..

1. Modified/new

equipments

-Grater

-Press

-Fryers

-Sifters

-Dryers

OUTPUTS

2. Products

- Odorless Fufu

- HQCF

- Better quality Gari

- Chips

- Animal feed

3. Training

- Workshop on

improving machines

- Capacity

building on

business skills

- Training on

process hygiene

Cassava processing R4D – Impact pathway (Adapted from Rusike et al, 2009)

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Selected Cassava products

in surveyed villages

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

% o

f villages

Garri Odourlessfufu Chips Bakery f lour

Products

2009 1999

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Main Cassava Production

constraints

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% o

f v

illag

es

bad road inadequate

input market

pest/disease low yield

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Main cassava processing constraints

.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

% o

f V

illa

ges

inadequate

water sources

bad road inadequate

market

far distance to

processor

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Date of creation of processing

enterprises

Before 2000

After 2000

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Ownership of enterprises

Sole proprietorship

Incorporated

company

Cooperative

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Observations about Cassava

processing sector in Nigeria

• Gari is still the most popular product making the

graters the most used equipment

• Stakeholders recognize IITA as catalyst of

changes

• PI another important factor of change.

• With change in 2007, millers stopped ordering

cassava flour

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Observations about Cassava

processing sector in Nigeria

• “Rent seekers” could not compete – true for both

fabricators and processors

• Others have adjusted and diversified

• Few firms are reconsidering vertical integration

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Households use of improved Cassava

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

More than 10 years 5-10 years Current 2009

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Household Cassava utilization

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

% h

oseh

old

s

boiling

cassava

garri fufu

making

flour

making

dry chips blendind

dry or

w et

mixed

flour

cassava

leaves

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Households awareness and use of

Cassava processing Equipments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

peeling grating chipping pressing sifting frying

Machines

Aware(%) Use(%)

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Future Work

1. Component approach to analyze

complementarities and sequencing between

processing and adoption of new varieties.

• Component approach will address if there are reasons

to justify intervention

2. System analysis using intervention and non-

intervention site to measure impact of

interventions as a whole – R4D approach

• System approach will focus on whether interventions

as a whole lead to impact

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Future work

- Use micro-econometrics approach to estimate impact

based on with and without R4D intervention by IITA and

partners.

- Use econometrics to test complementarities - Johnson and Masters, 2004 could establish complementarities at village

level but not at household

- Now small graters more widely use and household level

complementarities can be established

- Conduct production cost and efficiency analysis- Manual vs. mechanical

- Large vs. small enterprise

- Compare to past estimations to test efficiency given

current prices

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Thank You