Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+Post3Frame+Building+Systems+
Presented(on(October(23,(2014(by:(Harvey(B.(Manbeck,((PhD,(PE(( (Consultant(to(NFBA(( (Professor(Emeritus,(Engineering(( (Penn(State(University(
“The(Wood(Products(Council”(is(a(Registered(Provider(with(The(American(InsRtute(of(Architects(ConRnuing(EducaRon(Systems((AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.((!Credit(s)(earned(on(compleRon(of(this(course(will(be(reported(to(AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.(CerRficates(of(CompleRon(for(both(AIA(members(and(non\AIA(members(are(available(upon(request.(((
This(course(is(registered(with(AIA(CES(for(conRnuing(professional(educaRon.(As(such,(it(does(not(include(content(that(may(be(deemed(or(construed(to(be(an(approval(or(endorsement(by(the(AIA(of(any(material(of(construcRon(or(any(method(or(manner(of(handling,(using,(distribuRng,(or(dealing(in(any(material(or(product.(___________________________________________
QuesRons(related(to(specific(materials,(methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed(at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentaRon.((
(
Course(DescripRon(
The(course(idenRfies:(structural(features(that(make(post\frame(systems(unique;(design(resources(for(post\frame(systems;(two(basic(design(approaches(for(post\frame(building(systems;(and(through(various(case(studies,(key(performance(characterisRcs(of(PF(building(systems.(More(than(20(post\frame(projects(are(showcased(to(highlight(all(of(these(architectural(alternaRves(and(benefits.(
This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off.
Learning(ObjecRves(1. IdenRfy(the(unique(structural(features(
of(PFBS((Post\Frame(Building(Systems)(2. Demonstrate(the(code(compliance(of(
PFBS(3. Demonstrate(the(energy(efficiency(and(
sustainability(of(PFBS(4. IdenRfy(&(demonstrate(with(completed(
Post\Frame((PF)(project(case(studies(the(range(of(applicaRons(and(architectural(features(possible(with(PFBS(
• Wood industry’s counterpart to low profile (1 to 2-1/2 story) steel buildings
• Developed in late 1930’s for agricultural sector • Known as “pole building” in the past • PF has evolved to highly engineered wood
building system • PF has expanded to many commercial,
residential & institutional applications • Limitless range of interior/exterior appearances
POST-FRAME (PF) BUILDING SYSTEMS
PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL
Laminated or Solid-Sawn Wood Columns
Roof Framing Trusses or Rafters
Roof Purlins Typ. 2x4s
“on edge” or “flat”
Sheathing: • 26 to 29 ga Ribbed Steel OR • OSB or Plywood
Wall Girts Typ. 2x4 or 2x6
“flat”
PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL OF FOUNDATION OPTIONS
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Isolated Pier Foundation
Continuous RC Foundation Wall
Thickened Edge of Concrete Slab
PF BUILDING SYSTEM CROSS SECTION
Purlins Truss
Girts
Column Foundation
Column Footing
Sidewall Column
• Usually solid-sawn, glue-laminated (glulam) or mechanically (nail) laminated wood columns
• Typically nominal 6-x-6, 6-x-8, 8-x-8, or 8-x-10 cross section
• Usually spaced 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 ft on center along sidewall
• Embedded portion must be properly preservative treated
WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS
• Spliced glulam column – 3 or 4 ply, fabricated with 2x lumber – lower portion preservative treated;
upper portion untreated
GLUE-LAMINATED (GLULAM) OR NAIL-LAMINATED WOOD COLUMN
PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER FOUNDATION
• Precast reinforced concrete pier with column attached above grade
• Entire assembly engineered • Assembly factory fabricated
and shipped to site
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL
• Column attached to cast-in-place concrete foundation wall
• Attached solid-sawn, nail-laminated, or glulam columns are usually untreated
• Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4–8 ft o.c.
• Heavier timber (solid-sawn wood or glulam) trusses for larger column and truss spacings
• Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2–4 ft o.c. for clear spans ≤ 30 ft
• Glulam or structural composite lumber (SCL) rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans
ROOF FRAMING
TYPICAL PF WALL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
20
Top View
End View
Columns
Exterior Girts
Exterior Sheathing and/or Architectural Finish
Insulation
Interior Girts
Interior Sheathing & Finish
• PF is covered by the International Building Code (IBC) not the International Residential Code (IRC)
IRC Section R104.11 clearly states, “Compliance with the specific performance-based provisions of the International Codes (IBC) in lieu of specific (prescriptive) requirements of this code (IRC) shall also be permitted as an alternative.”
CODE COMPLIANCE
• PF is an engineered wood structural system • PF foundations included in Chapter 18 of IBC
2006, 2009 & 2012 • Key PF diaphragm design and other practices
from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) cited in Sections 2306.1 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012
CODE COMPLIANCE
• PF Building Design Manual (PFBDM)
• Structural design procedures for PF building systems – PF designer’s primary
reference – www.NFBA.org
PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES
• ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 – Diaphragm design procedures
• ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 – Shallow post foundation design
• ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 – Requirements and bending
properties for mechanically laminated columns
– asabe.org or nfba.org
PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES
• Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Framing Tolerances
• Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Metal Panel and Trim Installation Tolerances
• Post-Frame Construction Guide • 1, 2, and 3 hour (2012-2013) PF Firewall Reports – UL www.postframeadvantage.com or www.nfba.org
www.NFBA.org
PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES
• Simple to construct • Eliminate need to mix and match construction
types on PF project requiring firewalls • Provide relatively simple means to expand PF
building sizes and heights per IBC Chapter 5 requirements
PF FIREWALLS
26
Design No. V304 January 20, 2012 Bearing Wall Rating - 3-Hr
2x4 wall girts 16 in. o.c. both sides
Nail-lam post 4-ply, 2x6, 8 ft o.c.
Vertical blocking
5/8 Gyp Board (SCX) 4 layers, both sides
Staggered horizontal & vertical joints and fastener
schedules per report
• Two-dimensional (2-D) frame design method (open-sided PF buildings)
• Three-dimensional (3-D) diaphragm design method (all other PF buildings)
• Covered in monthly NFBA-PFMI webinars OR • PFMI Online University courses
- Series of one hour sessions - 1 CEU for design professionals for each session
completed • www.postframeadvantage.com
STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACHES
• PF buildings are exceptionally easy to insulate to higher levels (R = 20 to 35) required by energy codes with wide range of typical batt, blown-in, or board insulation materials
- Thicker wall cavities inherently built-into PF
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Minimal thermal bridging in PF • Wall and roof framing
members typically spaced 4 to 16 ft o.c.
• Fewer breaks in thermal insulation barrier
• Nominal 6x to 10x wood columns at breaks
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Primary construction materials—wood and steel cladding—are both recyclable
• Wood—the primary construction material in PF buildings—is a renewable forest resource
• PF construction is inherently friendly to energy-efficient construction
SUSTAINABILITY
• Nominal 6 x 6 Nail-laminated columns, 8 ft. o.c. on foundation wall
• Hip Roof to blend into downtown community architectural theme
• Total sq. footage: 4,800 • Construction time:
90 days
LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL
Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings
• Designed to be a “green” LEED-certified building
• Green Building of
America Award Winner
LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL
Keys to LEED-Certification
• Post frame is readily insulated to high levels required by the International Energy Code
• Wood is a renewable green product and natural insulator
LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL
Other Factors Leading to PF Selection • Original PF building easily
expandable in 8 ft. modules
• Grid-tied solar system • Geothermal heating and cooling system • Materials with high recycled content • 10-inch wall cavities • Reflective foils on all
six sides • “Cool color” painted
steel roof system • 80% fewer thermal
breaks in the wall • Insulated concrete slab
LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN
• Building size: 24 (L) x 36 (W)
• Nominal 6 x 6 nail-laminated columns 8 ft o.c.
• Isolated wood pier foundation
• Net cost per sq ft: $98
LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN
NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI
Similar to Nappanee, IN home except • Radiant in-floor heat • Air conditioning unit • $70/sq. ft.
• Durability of PF equals that of any well-engineered wood-framed building system
• Keys to PF durability – Specify appropriate preservative treatment systems
for all wood in ground contact – Use a column foundation option that eliminates
ground contact for any wood structural element
DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY
�Of all the hundreds of buildings we�ve built throughout Florida, we�re happy to report absolutely no problems except for minor damage to trim and other small architectural elements on just a few of them.�
—Patricia Askins of Longwood, FL, shortly after Hurricane Katrina
DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY
• Cost-effective Minimal framing material requirements Minimal footing and foundation material
requirements • Speed of construction (short time from start of
construction to occupancy) • Functionally flexible • Without sacrificing architectural appeal
OTHER PF BUILDING ATTRIBUTES
• PF cost effectiveness
• Completed within the county’s overall budget
• Significant savings compared to other traditional types of construction ($5.2 M vs. $10 to $15M)
ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY
Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings
• Nominal 3-ply, 6x6 nail-lam columns 6 ft. o.c.
• Concrete foundation wall • Roof framing: 36, 42 or 66
ft. wood trusses • ½ in. CDX plywood roof
sheathing • Total sq. footage: 24,000 • Construction time:
160 days • Cost per sq. foot: $216
ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY
• PF flexibility easily accommodated 2 widely different functions (medical treatment center & garage for ambulances)
• Cost savings in using embedded treated wood columns versus poured concrete foundation walls
VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY
• Total sq. footage: 5,595 • Total cost: $685,000 (1/3
less than nearest competitive bid for project)
• Construction time: 125 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $125
VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY
• Used to exhibit 500 vehicles
• Expansion to 1000 vehicle exhibitions anticipated
• Used for weddings, etc. for up to 600 guests between auto exhibitions
• Up to 20 ft. ceilings
AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSAN, MN
The owners required large buildings with wide & high clear spans
AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSEN, MN
Photo courtesy of Lester Buildings
… and ability to expand easily as future demand grows.
BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA
Tiffin, IA Completed February 2010 Construction time: 183 days Total sq. footage: 16,560 Clear span: 70 feet Total cost: $1.7 million Cost per sq. ft: $102
Short construction window:183 days (mid-September to mid-February for Valentine’s Day opening)
• Openness • Flexibility of use • Economy: $103/sq ft. • Stylized interior design • 4-ply nominal nail-lam
8 x 8 columns, 8 ft. o.c. • 2-ply 70 ft. wood
trusses, 8 ft. o.c. • Concrete foundation
wall
BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA
Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC
PF ARCHITECTURAL FLEXIBILITY & APPEAL
51
…are limited only by the designer�s imagination and creativity
Architectural details & finishes
PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE WHEELING, WV
• Large waiting room
• 6 exam rooms • Lab area • Administrative
work station • Nurses’ station • Office for the
doctors
PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE WHEELING, WV+
++(
• Hardi plank siding • Stone wainscot • Shingle roofing • Azek trims • Vaulted ceilings in
waiting area • 2nd floor area for future
office
• Nominal 6x6 nail-lam, 8 ft. o.c. • Isolated wood pier foundation • Hip roof system
• Construction Time: 144 days • Cost per sq. foot: $117.
DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA
• 2-story octagon with 2nd story office
• 36 ft. clearspan monoslope roof with clerstory windows
• 5/8 in cdx plywood sheathing
• Stucco board & cultured stone siding
• Painted ribbed steel roof
DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA
• Nominal 3-ply 6x6 & 6x8 nail-lam columns
• Cast-in-place concrete foundation walls
• Microlam rafters & glulam trusses in roof
• Construction Time: 300 days • Cost: $135/sq.ft.
DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA
Interior of 2nd floor of octagonal area
• Drywall interior with wood trim • Commercial carpeting
Interior of Office & Reception Area
WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY
• High- ribbed painted steel roofing
• Stepped metal clad fascias
• Metal downspouts and gutters
• Prefinished fiber cement siding with PVC simulated wood trims
• Vinyl shutters & fiberglass windows • Nova Brik wainscot
WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY
• Six bays for fire, rescue, tanker, and pickup trucks
• Radio room • Firefighters’ locker room • Kitchen • Lounge area • Office space
WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY
• Acoustical suspended ceilings
• Ceramic tile flooring with resinous epoxy coating
• Acrovyn crash rails and corner guards
• Acoustical hi-rib steel liners at apparatus bays with interior FRP liner on lower 8’ of wall
WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY
• 3-ply 2x8 & 4-ply 2x6 nail-lam columns, 6 ft. o.c.
• Continuous concrete foundation wall
• Structural meets code requirements for essential facilities
• Construction time: 250 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $247
WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX
• Tasting room for Pilot Knob Winery
• Showcase for award winning wines
• Host meetings, weddings, parties or other events
• Native Texas limestone exterior from local quarries with exposed cedar trusses
• Nominal 3-ply 6x6 nail-lam columns, 8 ft. o.c.
• Preservative treated wood post foundation
WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX
• Painted drywall with simple country trims
• Monterrey drag texture • Granite countertops
throughout tasting bar and restrooms
• Custom sliding barn doors in partitioning rooms
• Construction time: 150 days • Cost per sq. foot: $117
HORSE BARN BATAVIA, IL • Exterior finish: 7”
reveal Hardi Plank and cedar shakes & trim
• Interior finish: Hi-Rib steel Ceiling and T&G Pine siding
• Construction time: 150 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $87
GAS STATION/STORE CARMEL, IN
• Exterior finish: • Standing seam steel roof
(29 ga) • EFIS (stucco) wall finish
with brick wainscoting • Plateglass windows and
entry Doors
• Construction time: 150 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $90
JIMMY JOHN�S/CASH MAX LANCASTER, OH
Exterior Finish: • Mix of faux stone, brick
and vinyl • Sandstone coins put into
brick to offset corners • 40-year dimensional
shingles on roof
• Construction time: 150 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $65
DANZINGER VINEYARDS ALMA, WI
• Exterior finish: cedar shake gable ends, cultured stone walls, standing seam roof
• Interior finish: stamped & stained concrete floors, stamped metal or vaulted pine ceilings
• Construction time: 158 days
• Total cost: $82 per sq. ft.
PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA
Exterior Details: • Attached out-buildings • White cedar siding • Asphalt roof shingles
• Interior Details • House - drywall and
T&G wood • Garage - 5/8 drywall • Barn - SYP T&G and
T1-11 plywood
PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA
Interior Details (Lower Floor) • Large beams and exposed wood ceilings upstairs and
downstairs • Exposed beam ceiling over the kitchen and dining area.
PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA Interior Details (Loft Area) • Cantilevered loft area (over
the house center beam) • Oak-stained tongue-and-
groove second floor • Large beams and exposed
wood ceilings upstairs • Real tree-trunk posts in loft
• Construction time: 210 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $73
Post-Frame Commercial Lodge for Large Family Reunions & Other Large Groups • Four bedroom suites • Sustainable materials
including locally milled wood & native rock
• “Log-cabin” exterior • Rapid construction time :
5 months • November thru April in
South Dakota
CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD
Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction
CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD
Unique accessories • dormer windows • log timber entry • open loft viewing • rock fireplace • whirlpool tubs • cedar patio deck
Highly stylized interior design • Native stone fireplace • Native lumber columns • Native timber wood interior
floors and trim
Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction
PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS
Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings
Exterior Details: • Hi-rib steel roofing • Cultured stone &
wood siding
PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS
Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings
Interior Details: • Finished
exposed trusses 8 ft. o.c. to finished under-side of 6/12 pitched roof
DIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM, FUNCTION & APPEARANCE
• Traditional rectangular & gable roof
• Traditional restaurant & retail function
WASTE FACILITY LANCASTER, OH
• Multi-purpose PF Building • Maintenance/repair of garbage
trucks • Storage/repair of portable
toilets • Corporate offices • Driver dispatch office
• High-story & low-slope roof • 29 ga. steel siding and roofing
Interior Details: • Warehouse & shop areas -
29 ga. steel liner • Office finished with 5/8
painted drywall
• Construction time: 212 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $33
OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN
• Commercial office building for lease • 72 ft. x 200 ft • Low-slope roof
• Exterior details: • 4 in. split-face block veneer • 29 ga. painted ribbed steel
OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN
• Interior finish: drywall and suspended acoustic tile • Construction time: 45 days • Cost per sq. foot: $49
CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN
• Size: 94 ft x 40 ft x 30 ft high (silo)
• 44 ft x 60 ft (office) • Columns (8 ft. oc):
• 4 ply 2x8 glulam (silo) • 4 ply 2x6 nail-lam
(office) • Exterior finish: • 29 ga. Painted ribbed
steel roof and walls • Moderra block wainscot
CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN
• 29 ga. Steel liner panel (silo)
• Sheetrock finish in the office
• Construction time: 49 days
• Cost per sq. foot: $83
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER
ITHACA, NY • Inaugural building in
Cornell’s large animal-husbandry teaching complex
• Facility designed to provide innovative observational educational opportunities for animal science and veterinary medicine students
Institutional PF Educational Facility (38,000 sq ft)
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER
ITHACA, NY
• Varying angled roof lines • Recessed gutters • Modern air-wing roof-system design • Painted ribbed steel siding finishes the exterior of both a free-stall barn,
milking parlor, and student observation/teaching areas • Each contains unique features, including sliding Nova-Lite panels and
hydraulic bi-fold doors
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER
ITHACA, NY • Housing for more than 200 cows • Modern automated milking parlor • Fully equipped teaching centers
allowing student observation • Storage areas for hay, straw, sand,
feed & equipment • Milking parlor trusses finished with
fiberglass-reinforced plastic and white polycarbonate ceiling liner
• Clerestory windows at the eaves provide an abundance of natural sunlight
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER
ITHACA, NY
Mono-slope wood trusses
Structural composite rafters Tapered structural composite lumber rafters
Excellent example of the structural & architectural flexibility of PF
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER
ITHACA, NY
• Construction time: 139 days • Cost per sq. foot: $156
Modern Post-Frame Building Systems are: • Cost Effective • Energy Efficient • Code Compliant • Durable • Sustainable • Functionally Flexible • Architecturally Flexible
SUMMARY
87
• National Frame Building Association (NFBA)
• www.postframeadvantage.com • www.NFBA.org • NFBA
8735 Higgins Road • Suite 300
Chicago, IL 60631
MORE ABOUT POST FRAME
Ques-ons?+
This(concludes(The(American(InsRtute(of(Architects(ConRnuing(EducaRon(Systems(Course(
Harvey+B.+Manbeck,+PhD,[email protected](
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