APUSH: Slavery, Freedom, and The Crisis of Union Mr. Weber --
Room 217
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Activator Tuesday 11/17 1. How did slavery shape the economic
and social relations in the Old South? 2. What were the conditions
in which slaves lived and worked? 3. Why did many white southerners
support slavery even while they did not own slaves themselves? 4.
Why do you think slavery was called the peculiar institution?
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Agenda Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes) The
peculiar institution lecture (30-45 minutes) Comprehension check
(15 minutes) Primary source analysis: voices of freedom (30-45
minutes) Where we are headed: slave culture and resistance video
clip (5 minutes) Slave resistance and rebellion project (begin in
class, time permitting, finish for HW due Thurs). Exit ticket and
homework (5 minutes)
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Objective You will all Analyze the economic and social role of
Slavery in the Old South and understand the conditions of slave
life, 1840-1860. (AP Topic #10).
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How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old
South? King Cotton: cotton replaced sugar as the worlds major crop
produced by slave labor. 3/4 ths of the worlds cotton supply came
from the southern U.S. Cotton supplied the textile mills in the
North and Great Britain.
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How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old
South? The Southern Economy: economic growth was different from the
North. There were few large cities in the South. The cities were
mainly centers for gathering and shipping cotton.
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Ch. 11, Image 5
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How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old
South? The Plain Folk of the Old South: three out of four white
southerners did not own slaves. Most white southerners lived on
self-sufficient farms in isolated areas and were poorly educated.
Most supported slavery. The majority supported the planter elite
and slavery because of shared bonds of regional loyalty, racism,
and kinship ties.
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Ch. 11, Image 6
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How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old
South? The Planter Class: Ownership of slaves provided a rout to
wealth, status, and influence. Slavery was a profit-making system.
Men watched the world market for cotton, invested in
infrastructure, and managed their plantations.
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How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old
South? Paternalism: from the word patria as in father, this was the
idea that slaves were well taken care of under slavery. Slave
owners were committed to a hierarchical, agrarian society.
Paternalism was a kind of proslavery argument which enabled slave
owners to think of themselves as kind, responsible masters.
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Ch. 11, Image 10
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What were the conditions in which slaves lived and worked?
Slaves were considered chattel, or property and had few legal
rights. They could not testify against a white person, carry
weapons, or leave the plantations. Labor was most of the slaves
daily existence
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What were the conditions in which slaves lived and worked? Gang
labor and task labor: Most slaves worked in the fields. An
estimated 75% of women and 90% of men worked as field hands. On
large plantations they worked in gangs under the direction of an
overseer, a man who was generally considered to be cruel by the
slaves.
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Ch. 11, Image 15
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What were the conditions in which slaves lived and worked?
Maintaining Order: The system of maintaining order rested on force.
There were many tools a master had to keep order, including
whipping, exploiting divisions among slaves, incentives, denial of
education, and the threat of sale.
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Ch. 11, Image 18
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Ch. 11, Image 21
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Comprehension Check Take no more than the next 15 minutes to
answer the following four multiple choice questions and two short
answer using the key terms from lecture.
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The Peculiar Institution 1. In the Old South, the percentage of
white families that owned slaves was approximately 10 percent. 25
percent. 40 percent. 60 percent.
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The Peculiar Institution 2. Which of the following was not a
central theme of planter ideology? The competitive marketplace is
where we make our fortunesbut it is not where we derive our values.
There is no place for fixed social hierarchies in a democratic
republic. We are the aristocrats of our region; women, children,
slaves, and poorer whites depend upon us for guidance and
protection. Wealth is meant to be consumed, not merely
reinvested.
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The Peculiar Institution 3. Cotton was King during the first
half of the nineteenth century. Three-fourths of the worlds supply
came from the United States, and textile manufacturers in New
England, Great Britain, France, and Russia depended on the American
cotton supply. Define textile: Tiles, usually made of ceramic and
cotton, used in building houses, manufacturing plants, and
government buildings. Woven cloth. A small book or text, usually on
a topic of general interest to the reading public. Steam
engine-powered factory or manufactures.
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The Peculiar Institution 4. Slaves made up a significant
portion of the Old Souths field laborers. house servants. skilled
artisans. all of the above.
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Short Answer Key Terms: King Cotton, the Southern economy,
Plain folk of the Old South, Planter class, Paternalism, Chattel,
Gang labor, Overseer, Maintaining order 1. How did slavery shape
the economic and social relations in the Old South? 2. What were
the conditions in which slaves lived and worked? 4 Advanced3
Proficient2.5 Basic2 Below Basic Shows mastery of the objective by
explaining all key terms in proper context Understanding of
objective shown by explaining most key terms Knowledge of objective
shown through explanation of some key terms Misunderstanding of
objective or incorrect use of several key terms
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Analyzing Primary Sources (15 minutes) Turn to the Voices of
Freedom, pp.404-405. Read Solomon Northup Twelve Years a Slave
(1853) and pick one sentence you think best represents the main
idea of the text. Write that sentence in your notebook. Read J.D.B.
De Bow The Non-Slaveholders of the South (1861) and pick one
sentence you think best represents the main idea of the text. Write
that sentence in your notebook.
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Analyzing Primary Sources In groups, take turns explaining why
you chose the sentence you chose. Pick no more than 3-5 words which
you all agree best represent the main idea of the text. Write them
on the paper provided. Pass the paper to the next group and write
comments on their choice of words. (Remember to initial your
comments so I can grade them later). Why do you think the picked
those words? Would you have chosen differently? Why? How well do
those words sum up what you understand to be the main idea of the
text? How do these phrases relate to our understanding of economic
and social role of slavery in the Old South and the conditions in
which slaves lived (our objective for today)?
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Where We Are Headed
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Forecasting: What to look for in the reading For Thursday:
Finish Chapter 11, pp.413-423. Slave culture The slave family The
threat of sale Gender roles among slaves Slave religion Desire for
liberty Slave resistance and rebellion Forms of resistance Fugitive
slaves The Amistad Slave revolts Nat Turners rebellion
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Slave Resistance and Rebellion Your job is to solve the murder
mystery and identify the cause of death for John Taylor, the
plantation owner. Look through the evidence: Obituary; Daily
routine; Plantation map; and the Description of slaves. Was Mr.
Taylor poisoned or did he get sick? Who had the motive to kill him?
Who had the knowledge necessary to prepare the poison? Who could
give it to him without being noticed? If someone did poison him,
how come they didnt get caught?
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Review Questions for Thursdays Test 1. How would you describe
slave culture, explaining the similarities and differences among
various regions? 2. Why did many white southerners support slavery
even when they did not actually own slaves? 3. What forms of slave
resistance were practiced in the American South? 4. Given that by
1860 the economic investment represented by the slave population
exceeded the value of the nations factories, railroads, and banks
combined, explain how important slavery was to the national economy
and the emergence of the U.S. as a great power.
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Exit ticket and homework Exit ticket: What does the video clip
and anticipation of where we are headed Thursday suggest about the
economic and social role of slavery in the Old South, and what do
you expect to understand about the conditions of slave life,
1840-1860? Homework: Finish chapter 11 (reading test Thurs.) Slave
Resistance and Rebellion project due Thurs.