Download - Appendicular Skeleton

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Page 1: Appendicular Skeleton

AppendicularSkeleton

The Upper Limbs

Page 2: Appendicular Skeleton

The Upper Limbs – Shoulder Girdle

• Shoulder Girdle (aka Pectoral Girdle) contains two bones: clavicle and scapula

• Clavicle makes up the collarbone– Attaches to manubrium medially (sternal end) at

the sternoclavicular joint– Attaches to scapula laterally (acromial end) at

acromioclavicular joint– Serves to push arm back from thoracic cage and

helps prevent shoulder dislocation

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The Upper Limbs – Shoulder Girdle

Anterior View

Superior View

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The Upper Limbs – Shoulder Girdle

• The Scapulae are the shoulder blades– Attached to clavicles, but held loosely in place by

muscles– Triangular shape with three sides (Superior border,

Medial border, and Lateral border) and three angles (Superior angle, Lateral angle, and Inferior angle)

– Suprascapular notch on superior border allows nerves to pass over scapula

– Spine is ridge on top half of posterior side of scapula– Lateral end of spine is Acromion process– Coracoid process is inferior and anterior to acromion– Acromion and coracoid processes make the superior

border of the Glenoid cavity (the socket for the arm)

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The Upper Limbs – Shoulder Girdle

Anterior View Posterior View

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The Upper Limbs – Arm• The arm consists of one long bone—the Humerus

– The rounded Head of the humerus fits in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

– Lateral to the head are the Greater and Lesser tubercles, which serve as sites of muscle attachment

– Partway down the bone is the Deltoid tuberosity for the deltoid (shoulder) muscle to attach

– The Radial groove, which goes by the deltoid tuberosity, marks the path of the radial nerve

– The distal end includes the Trochlea and Capitulum that articulate with the bones of the forearm

– The Coronoid and Olecranon fossae are depressions that allow the forearm bone Ulna to move when bending and extending the elbow

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The Upper Limbs – Arm

Anterior View – Right Arm

Posterior View – Right Arm

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The Upper Limbs – Forearm• The Forearm includes two bones--the Radius and

the Ulna– The Forearm bones articulate at both ends by

radioulnar joints– The bones are connected by interosseous

membrane– The radius is the lateral bone in the anatomical

position (same side as thumb)• The flattened head forms a joint with the capitulum

of the humerus• Below the head, on the anterior side is the Radial

tuberosity where the bicep muscle attaches

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The Upper Limbs – Forearm– The ulna is the medial bone in the anatomical

position• On the proximal end are the Olecranon and

Coronoid processes which articulate with the fossae of the humerus

• In between the processes is the Trochlear notch that glides along the trochlea of the humerus

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The Upper Limbs – Forearm

Anterior View – Right Arm

Posterior View – Right Arm

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The Upper Limbs – Forearm

Anterior View – Right Arm

Posterior View – Right Arm

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The Upper Limbs – Hand• The hand consists of the Carpals, Metacarpals, and

Phalanges• The carpals make up the wrist

– The wrist, or carpus, is made of 8 short bones that are lined up in 2 irregular rows

– The carpal bones are bound tightly by ligaments that allow minimal movement

• The 5 metacarpal bones make up the palm• The phalanges are the finger bones

– 14 bones total– Bones are labeled Proximal, Middle, and Distal for

each finger (thumb only has proximal and distal as there are only two bones)

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The Upper Limbs – Hand