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The Appendicular Skeleton
OverviewClavicle
Humerus
Femur
Fibula
Ulna
Radius
Scapula
Clavicle
Scapula
Hip bone
Sacrum
Patella
Carpus
Pelvis
Phalanges
Metatarsal bones
Phalanges
(b) Posterior view
Pectoralgirdle
Metacarpalbones
Tarsus
(a) Anterior view
Tibia
Clavicle
Conoid tubercle
Conoid tubercle
(a) Superior view
(b) Inferior view
Sternalend
Acromialend
Acromialend
Sternalend
Scapula
Superior angle
Acromion
Spine
Acromion
Inferior angle
(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view
Suprascapularnotch
Coracoidprocess
Glenoidcavity
Subscapularfossa
Lateralborder
Medialborder
Superiorborder
Supraspinousfossa
Lateralangle
Infraspinousfossa
Humerus
Capitulum
Head
Trochlea
(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view
Greatertubercle
Lessertubercle
Intertubercularsulcus
Deltoidtuberosity
Coronoidfossa
Radialfossa
Lateralepicondyle
Surgicalneck
Greatertubercle
Anatomicalneck
Nutrientforamen
Deltoidtuberosity
Medialsupracondylar
ridge
Medialepicondyle
Lateralsupracondylarridge
Lateralepicondyle
Olecranonfossa
Shoulder Joint
Clavicle
Acromion of scapula
Head of humerus
Biceps brachii muscle:Short headLong head
Acromioclavicularjoint
Coracobrachialismuscle
Deltoid muscle(cut and folded back)
Pectoralis majormuscle
(a) Anterior dissection© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Timothy L. Vacula, photographer
Radius and Ulna
Olecranon Olecranon
(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view
Articular facets
Ulna
Radius
Ulnar tuberosity
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Radial notchof ulna
Head ofradiusNeck ofradius
Radialtuberosity
Styloidprocess
Interosseousborders
Interosseousmembrane
Ulnar notchof radius
Head of ulna
Styloid processStyloidprocess
Head ofradius
Neck ofradius
Bones of the Hand
I
IIIIIIV
V
Distal phalanx II
Middle phalanx II
Proximal phalanx II
Head
Body
Base
Hamulus of hamate
Hamate
Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Capitate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Body
Head
Scaphoid
Base
Phalanges
Key to carpal bones
Distal row
Proximal row
Distalphalanx I
Proximalphalanx I
Firstmetacarpal
Carpalbones
Metacarpalbones
Carpalbones
(a) Anterior view
Coxal Bones
Ilium
Ischium
Coccyx
Body
Ramus
Pubis
(a) Anterosuperior view
Pubic symphysis
Acetabulum
Spine
Pelvic inlet
Sacroiliac joint
Body
Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
Iliaccrest
Iliacfossa
Anteriorsuperioriliac spine
Anterior inferioriliac spine
Base ofsacrum
Pelvic surfaceof sacrum
Interpubicdisc
Obturatorforamen
Lateral ViewIlium Ischium Pubis
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Body of ischium
Lesser sciatic notch
Iliac crest
Body of ilium
Body of pubis
Inferior glutealline
Posterior glutealline
Posterior superioriliac spine
Posterior inferioriliac spine
Acetabulum
Ramus of ischium
Anterior glutealline
Anterior superioriliac spine
Anterior inferioriliac spine
Superior ramusof pubis
Inferior ramusof pubis
Obturator foramen
(a) Lateral view
Medial View
Greater sciatic notch
Iliac crest
Arcuate line
(b) Medial view
Ischial spine
Iliac fossa
Anterior superioriliac spine
Anterior inferioriliac spine
Pectineal line
Location ofpubic symphysis
Posterior superioriliac spine
Auricular surface
Posterior inferioriliac spine
Obturator foramen
Ramus of ischium
Femur
• Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone
• Articulates proximally with acetabulum of hip
• Articulates distally with tibia and patella
Greater trochanter
Intertrochanteric line
Lateral epicondyle
Patellar surface
(b) Posterior view
Lateral epicondyle
Medial supracondylar line
Lateral condyle
Linea aspera
Intertrochanteric crest
Gluteal tuberosity
Greater trochanterHead
Fovea capitis
Neck
Lesser trochanter
Spiral line
Shaft
Medial epicondyle
Popliteal surface
Medial condyle Intercondylar fossa
Base of patellaArticular facets
Apex of patella
Lateral supracondylarline
(a) Anterior view
Coxal JointAcetabular labrum
Acetabulum
Round ligament
Head of femur
Greater trochanter
Shaft of femur
(a) Anterior dissection© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Timothy L. Vacula, photographer
Coxal Joint
Acetabulum
Labrum
Femur
Roundligament (cut)
Foveacapitis
Head offemurGreatertrochanter
Transverseacetabularligament
Ischialtuberosity
Obturatormembrane
(b) Lateral view, femur retracted
Tibia and
Fibula
Lateral condyle
ApexHead of fibula
Intercondylar eminence
Lateral surface
Distal tibiofibular joint
Lateral malleolus
Fibula
Anterior crest
Lateral malleolus
(b) Posterior view
Proximal tibiofibularjoint
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Medialcondyle
Tibialtuberosity
Interosseousmembrane
(a) Anterior view
Knee Joint Femur:ShaftPatellar surface
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Joint cavity:
Joint capsule
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Lateral condyle
Tuberosity
Medial condyle
Patellar ligament
Articular facets
Lateral Medial
Anterior cruciateligament
Patella(posterior surface)
Quadricepstendon (reflected)
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Rebecca Gray, photographer/Don Kincaid, dissections
Tibia:
Femur
Patellar surface
Medial condyle
Fibula
Tibia
Medial meniscus
(b) Posterior view
Medial meniscus
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Lateral meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Femur
Meniscus
Tibia
Joint cavity
Infrapatellar fat pad
Synovial membrane
Patellar ligament
Patella
Prepatellar bursa
Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
(c) Sagittal section (d) Superior view of tibia and menisci
Lateralcondyle
Fibularcollateralligament
Lateralmeniscus
Transverseligament
Posterior cruciateligament
Anterior cruciateligament
Tibial collateralligament
Patellar ligament(cut)
Medialcondyle
Tibialcollateralligament
Medialmeniscus
Posteriorcruciateligament
Anterior cruciateligament
Fibular collateralligament
Articular cartilageof tibia
Bursa under lateralhead of gastrocnemius
Quadricepsfemoris
Quadricepsfemoris tendon
Suprapatellarbursa
Superficialinfrapatellar bursa
Deepinfrapatellar bursa
Lateral condyleof tibia
Posterior cruciateligament
Synovialmembrane
Medial condyleof tibia
Anterior cruciateligament
(a) Anterior view
Bones of the Foot
Key to tarsal bones
Distal group
Proximal group
Distal phalanx I
Proximal phalanx I
Metatarsal
Medial cuneiformIntermediate cuneiformLateral cuneiformNavicular
Talus
(a) Superior (dorsal) view
Calcaneus
Cuboid
VIV
IIIIII
Trochlear surfaceof talus
Tuberosity of calcaneus
Proximalphalanx V
Middlephalanx V
Distalphalanx V