Antimicrobials; antibacterials, antifungals, antiprotozoans, antivirals,
and antihelminthics 1
Terms for antimicrobial Drugs Chemotherapy: The use of chemical drugs to treat
diseases Antimicrobial drugs: Chemicals that Interfere with
the growth of microbes within a host Antibiotic: A substance produced by a microbe
that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe Antibiotics vs. disinfectants: different selective
toxicity Selective toxicity: A drug that kills harmful
microbes without damaging the host
1928: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin produced by Penicillium, a fungus
1940: Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of penicillin
Still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use.
The term "penicillin" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V).
Antimicrobial Drugs
"항생물질학" 2판 (수정판), p7, 이강만 저, 라이프 사이언스
The Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity
Broad spectrum Narrow spectrum Superinfection
Bactericidal Kill microbes directly
Bacteriostatic Prevent microbes from growing
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
Figure 20.2 "항생물질학" 2판 (수정판), p9, 이강만 저, 라이프 사이언스
Figure 4.13a Bacterial cell walls.
Tetrapeptide side chain
Peptide cross-bridge
Carbohydrate “backbone”
Peptide bond
N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) Side-chain amino acid Cross-bridge amino acid
NAM
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
Structure of peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria
.
"Microbiology-An introduction" 11th edition, p85, G. J. Tortora, B. R. Funke, and C. L. Case, Pearson
Structure of bacterial peptidoglycan
Inhibiting the Synthesis of Essential Metabolites
"항생물질학" 2판 (수정판), p9, 이강만 저, 라이프 사이언스
"항생물질학" 2판 (수정판), p13, 이강만 저, 라이프 사이언스
"항생물질학" 2판 (수정판), p58, 이강만 저, 라이프 사이언스
Synergism and antagonism of Antimicrobials
Production of Antimicrobials
Chemistry Organic synthesis Semi-chemical synthesis
Microbiology Strain development Metabolic engineering
“biotechnology”
Bioengineering Fermentation technology
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