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Page 1: Animal Cells and Tissues

ANIMAL CELL SHAPES

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1. squamous – irregular shape, e.g. cheek cells

2. disc-shaped – coin-like, flattened circles, e.g. mammalian red blood cells

3. spherical/globular – e.g. fat globules

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4. oval –e.g. amphibian red blood cells

5. cuboidal –e.g. kidney epithelial cells

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6. columnar – tall and rectangular , e.g. epithelial cells lining villi

7. threadlike – e.g. sperm cells

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8. cylindrical –e.g. skeletal muscle cells

9. fusiform – elongated, oval cells with tapered ends, e.g. smooth muscle cells

10. stellate – branching, assumes a star-like shape, e.g. neurons

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ANIMAL TISSUES

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE• serves as body coverings• covers external body parts• lines internal tubes and cavities• functions

• protection• secretion• excretion• lubrication• sensory reception• reproduction

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ORGANIZATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE• scattered cells in a matrix

HAS MANY DIFFERENT TYPES1. connective tissue proper (CTP)

• dense CTP• tendons – attach muscles to bone• ligament – attach bone to bone

• loose CTP• covers the muscles

• adipose tissue• stores energy in the form of fat

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP

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2. cartilage• composed of cells (chondrocytes) embedded in

a tough but flexible matrix• matrix contains collagen• for support• serves as the precursor to bone• e.g. nose and ears

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARTILAGE (x.s.)

lacuna

chondrocyte

matrix

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3. bone• composed of cells (osteocytes) embedded in a

hard matrix• matrix contains calcium phosphate• for support and protection of internal organs

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BONE (x.s.)

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4. vascular • composed of blood and lymph• blood

• transports various substances like oxygen, nutrients and hormones all over the body

• for immunity• lymph

• maintains aqueous condition inside the body

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BLOOD

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MUSCULAR TISSUE

• composed of muscle fibres (protein)

TYPES1. skeletal muscles

• attached to bones• for voluntary/conscious movements • striated or banded

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2. smooth muscles• for involuntary/unconscious movements • not striated or banded

3. cardiac muscle• the heart• pumps blood all over the body• striated/banded• involuntary/unconscious

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HUMAN MUSCLE TYPES

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SMOOTH MUSCLE

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PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

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MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL

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NERVOUS TISSUE

• composed of neurons (nerve cells)

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Photomicrograph of nervous tissue Photomicrograph of a neuron

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epineurium

fascicle

perineurium

NERVE X.S.

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CAT OVARY X.S.

germinal epithelium

follicle

loose connective tissue

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When describing slides, take note of the ff:

colour of the staincell shapein tissues, describe the cells’ organization

and arrangementidentify all pertinent structuresif possible, identify functions of labelled

structures