Ancient GreeceAncient GreeceΕλλάδα
Chapter 4
USA
Greece
EUROPE
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
GEOGRAPHY
Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
GEOGRAPHY
Physical geography: mountainous
isolated Greeks from each other
GEOGRAPHYsmall groups encouraged participation in government
rivalry led to war
Greece
GEOGRAPHY
lack of farmland led to colonization, trade: built Byzantium
(Roman-Constantinople, modern Turkey-Istanbul)
Greece
Byzantium - Greeks
Constantinople - Romans
Istanbul – Turks (today)
Minoans
On the island of Crete
During the Bronze Age
Based on trade
MycenaeFirst Greek stateMade up of Indo-Europeans
Mycenae
On the mainland of Greece
Known as warriors
EARLY LITERATURE
Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word)
The Greeks adopted the idea of a character/letter for a sound (taken from the Phoenicians) instead of a picture or character for a word (like Egyptian hieroglyphics).
EARLY LITERATURELong poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem
EARLY LITERATURE
Most famous poet: Homer
most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey
EARLY LITERATURE
used to teach: values
striving for excellence: a r e t e
Ithaca
Troy
From the movie
Troy
POLISTown, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e
Assembly area, market: a g o r a
POLIS
Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s
Acropolis in Athens
Acropolis
Parthenon
The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.
The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.
POLIS Military - heavily armed infantry:
H o p l i t e s
shield, short sword, spear
Hoplites
HOPLITES
close formation with shields up:
p h a l a n x
phalanx
SPARTA
Warriors“well disciplined”: spartan
SPARTA pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth
SPARTA Weak were abandoned
“Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.”
Sparta
ATHENS
510 B.C.1. council of 500 made
laws2. free and open debate3. vote by assembly of all
male citizens
ATHENS 510 B.C.1. council of 500 made laws2. free and open debate3. vote by assembly of all male
citizens
D E M O C R A C Y
Athens
MARATHON490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army
on the plains of Marathon
Marathon to Athens: 26 miles
MARATHON Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed
MarathonAthens
Greece: dark green, Greek colonies: gray
Ancient Greek Empire
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