ANCIENT EGYPT
AAAWWWWWWWW YEEEEEEEEEEAHHHH!!!!
What are Egypt's geographical features?
The Nile River
The Delta (Delta)
Desert
Hymn to the Nile
“Hail flood! Emerging from the earth, arriving to bring Egypt to life, hidden of form, the darkness in the day, the one whose followers sing to him, as he waters the plants, created by Ra to make every herd live, who satisfies the desert hills removed from the water, for it is his due that descends from the sky.”
What can we learn about Egyptian culture from this hymn?
Where were all of the ancient Egyptian cities located? Why?
Along the Nile River in flooding zones
Why is Upper Egypt where it is?
Upper Egypt was upriver
Upper Egypt was at a higher elevation
Back then Egyptians had not concept of North or South
King Menes
United both Upper and Lower Egypt
This was important because it allowed Egyptian culture to thrive under stable political conditions.
Why was Egyptian civilization able to last thousands of years, relatively
unchanged when Mesopotamian civilization did not last so long? Egypt had even better natural borders,
so no natural enemies. The common economy of the Nile The early unification of Upper and Lower
Egypt
Egyptian Religion
Egyptian religion
Mono or polytheistic?
What were Egyptiansconcerned with?
Death The afterlife
How were Egyptian rulers different from Sumerian kings?Sumerian King Egyptian pharaoh
How were Egyptian rulers different from Sumerian kings?Agents of God: Ham getting codes
Actually gods: pharaoh ruling over
Couple of vocab words
Dynasty – when a king or other ruler passes their position down in their family and that family is in power for a long time
Pharaoh – the Egyptian equivalent of king. The word means “great house” Why does it mean great house? Why do you think people followed the
pharaoh’s orders?
Egyptian history is divided
Three Kingdoms Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Old Kingdom
3100-2100 BCE King Menes united
Upper and Lower Egypt
The Great Pyramid at Giza built for Khufu
Sphinx built for his son Khafre People still don’t
know what the Sphinx is
Great Pyramid at Giza
Herodotus – nice beard, baldy
484-425 BCE The father of History
Awesome Wrote Histories,
which describes the Great Pyramid at Giza
Is Histories a primary or a secondary source?
Old Kingdom
The pharaoh created a bureacracy What’s that? a form of organization in which
officeholders have defined positions and titles. Formal rules specify the duties of the officeholders.
The pharaoh had a vizier The vizier was an advisor, governor, and
assistant to the pharaoh
Middle Kingdom
2050 – 1550 BCE Pharaohs began to care
for their public Canals, and dams, and
draining swampland Period of great political
and social stability Creation of an empire Why are periods of
stability usually times of cultural achievement?
Hatshepsut – the woman pharaoh
Female pharaoh who ruled as a regent for her young son
Very successful and powerful leader
Why is she depicted like she is on the right here?
New Kingdom
1550 – 1070 Egypt becomes the
most powerful empire in ancient world
Egypt goes through religious shifts Poly-mono-poly
King Tut and the Valley of the Kings Elaborate tombs
Who was King Tut? Why important?
King Tutankhamen who brought back the old polytheistic gods
Relatively not special as a king
His tomb was found completely intact. This was a HUGE
archaeological find
King Tut’s Tomb
The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray. Carter was able to photograph garlands of flowers, which disintegrated when touched. Due to the state of the tomb, and to Carter's meticulous recording technique, the tomb took nearly a decade to empty.
King Tut’s Tomb
Tutankhamun's tomb had been entered at least twice, not long after he was buried and well before Carter's discovery. The outermost doors of the shrines enclosing the king's nested coffins were left opened, and unsealed. It is estimated that 60% of the jewelry which had been stored in the "Treasury" was removed as well.
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