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Anatomical Terms



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isplay.

Rectus femoris m.

Pectineus m.

Small intestine

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Thyroid gland

Gracilis m.

Adductor longus m.

Adductor magnus m.

"ecum

A!!endix

#rachial nerve !lexus

$obes of lung

Humerus

Su!erior venacava

"oraco%brachialis m.

Tensor fasciae latae m

.

A-"

Atlas A #$rientation to Anatomy

• Anatomical position

• Anatomical planes

• &irectional terms

• 'oy regions

•

'oy ca(ities anmem)ranes

• $rgan systems

• *isual sur(ey o! the )oy

+igure A.



A-

Anatomical Position

• Person stans erect

• +eet /at on /oor

• Arms at sies

• Palms, !ace 0 eyes !acing !orwar

• 1tanar !rame o! re!erence !or anatomical escriptions 0issection

+igure A.

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© McGraw-Hill Companies23oe &eGranis, photographer



A-

+orearm Positions

•

4hen supinate

• palms !ace !orwaror upwar

• raius 0 ulna areparallel

• 4hen pronate

• palms !ace rearwaor ownwar

• raius 0 ulna arecrosse

+igure A."




A-5

Anatomical Planes an1ections

• 1ection implies actual cut orslice to re(eal internal

anatomy

• Plane implies an imaginary /sur!ace passing through the)oy

• 1agittal plane i(ies )oy into

right an le!t regions• meian #misagittal% plane i(ies

or organ into equal hal(es

• +rontal #coronal% plane i(ies into anterior #!ront% 0 posterior#)ac6% portions

• Trans(erse #hori7ontal% plane

i(ies the )oy into superior#upper% 0 in!erior #lower% portio+igure A.



'rontal!lane

Transverse!lane

Sagittal!lane



A-8

&irectional Terms

•

Intermeiate irections - o!ten gi(en as com)inatio! these terms #e9. orsolateral%

• &i:erent meanings !or humans an !our-leggeanimals

• anterior ; (entral sur!ace o! human < !ront o! chest 0

a)omen

• anterior #cranial% in a !our-legge animal is hea en

entral &orsal Anterior Posterio

Su!erior *nferior Proximal &istal

+edial $ateral Su!er,cial &ee!

"e!halic Rostral "audal



A-=

'oy >egions• A9ial region ; hea, nec6, 0 trun6

• thoracic region ; trun6 a)o(e iaphragm

• a)ominal region ; trun6 )elow iaphragm• i(ie into quarants

• i(ie into nine regions )y tic-tac-toe gri

• Appenicular region ; upper 0 lower lim)s• upper lim)

• arm #)rachial region%, !orearm #ante)rachial region%,wrist #carpal region%, han #manual region%, ?ngers#igits%

• lower lim)• thigh #!emoral region%, leg #crural region%,

an6le #tarsal region%, !oot #peal region%, toes #igits%



A-@

A)ominal uarants an >egio

+igure A.8

-uadrants

(a)

Rightu!!er

uadrant

$eftu!!er

uadrant

Rightlo/er

uadrant

$eftlo/er

uadrant

R

Subcostal line

*nguinal region

Hy!ochondriacregion

Hy!ogastricregion

0mbilical

region

!igastricregion

$umbarregion

*ntertubercularline

+idclavicularline

(c)

A t i l T i l



Anatomical Terminology#(entral%

+igure A.5

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0!!er limb1

$o/er limb1

Acromial r.(shoulder)

Axillary r. (arm!it)

#rachial r. (arm)

"ubital r. (elbo/)

Antebrachial r.(forearm)

"ar!al r. (/rist)

Palmar r. (!alm)

"oxal r. (hi!)

Patellar r. (2nee)

"e!halic r. (head)

'acial r. (face)

"ervical r. (nec2)

Thoracic r. (chest)1

$o/er limb1

&orsum

+ons !ubis

xternal genitalia1

Penis Scrotum

Sternal r.

Pectoral r.

0mbilical r.

Abdominal r.

*nguinal r. (groin)

Pubic r.1

'emoral r. (thigh)

"rural r. (leg)

Tarsal r. (an2le)

Pedal r. (foot)1

Plantar surface (sole)

Testes

(b) Anterior (ventral)(a) Anterior (ventral)

A t i l T i l



Anatomical Terminology#orsal%

+igure A.5

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(c) Posterior (dorsal) (d) Posterior (dorsal)

Dorsum of hand

Cranial r.

Nuchal r.

(back of neck)

Interscapular r.

Scapular r.

Vertebral r.

Lumbar r.Sacral r.

Gluteal r.

(buttock)

Perineal r.

emoral r.

Popliteal r.

Crural r.

!arsal r.

Calcaneal r.

(heel)




A-

'oy Ca(ities anMem)ranes

• MaDor )oy ca(ities

• cranial ca(ity• (erte)ral canal

• meninges

• thoracic ca(ity

• a)ominopel(ic ca(i•

a)ominal ca(ity• pel(ic ca(ity

• Eine )y serousmem)ranes

•

+ille with (iscera+igure A.=

"ranial cavity

Thoracic cavity

&ia!hragm

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

(a) $eft lateral vie/

ertebral canal




A-"

Cranial Ca(ity 0 *erte)ralCanal

• cranial ca(ity• contains )rain

• line with meninges

• (erte)ral canal• contains the spinal c

• line with meninges


"ranial cavity

Thoracic cavity

&ia!hragm

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

(a) $eft lateral vie/

ertebral canal

+igure A.=