American Government American Government and Organizationand Organization
PS1301PS1301
Wednesday, 29 OctoberWednesday, 29 October
How do people decide?How do people decide?
The Michigan ModelThe Michigan Model (prospective model) (prospective model)
Party identificationParty identification
Candidate characteristicsCandidate characteristics
Issue positionsIssue positions
Influence of Party IdInfluence of Party Id
Requirements for Issue VotingRequirements for Issue Voting
Aware of the issueAware of the issue
Care about the issueCare about the issue
Perceive difference between the Perceive difference between the candidatescandidates
Correct about the differenceCorrect about the difference
Criteria for Issue VotingCriteria for Issue Voting
Dynamics of 2000 Presidential Dynamics of 2000 Presidential CampaignCampaign
Source: Johnston and Hagen (APSA 2003) “Priming and Learning: Evidence from the 2000 Annenberg Study”
CharacterCharacter
Perception of Gore’s HonestyPerception of Gore’s Honesty
Traits of CandidatesTraits of Candidates
Retrospective VotingRetrospective Voting
Party identificationParty identification
Evaluation of the pastEvaluation of the past economic indicatorseconomic indicators WarsWars
IncumbencyIncumbency
Race and GenderRace and Gender
ReligionReligionBush Gore Nader
Education and IncomeEducation and Income
Unions and ReligionUnions and ReligionBush Gore Nader
How do Presidential Elections and How do Presidential Elections and Congressional Elections Differ?Congressional Elections Differ?
Presidential elections are more salientPresidential elections are more salientThe average voter has more information The average voter has more information about the presidential candidates than about the presidential candidates than congressional candidates. congressional candidates. Consequently, party identification may Consequently, party identification may play a lesser role in pres. elections play a lesser role in pres. elections Voters are more inclined to be influenced Voters are more inclined to be influenced by personal/candidate characteristics and by personal/candidate characteristics and issue voting may be more prevalent. issue voting may be more prevalent.
Congressional ElectionsCongressional Elections
The empirical evidence suggests that The empirical evidence suggests that party labels are have a greater effect when party labels are have a greater effect when information about the candidate is lowinformation about the candidate is low U.S. RepU.S. Rep State SenatorState Senator St. Assy.St. Assy. County BoardCounty Board
Congressional ElectionsCongressional Elections
Decline in party id means that other cues Decline in party id means that other cues become more importantbecome more important
IncumbencyIncumbency
Name recognitionName recognition
Rise of Split Ticket VotingRise of Split Ticket Voting
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