What started WWII?What started WWII?
Germany- WWI treaty punished the Germany- WWI treaty punished the country, economic problemscountry, economic problems
Hitler- came to power, promised a Hitler- came to power, promised a return to German greatnessreturn to German greatness
Rebuilding a German EmpireRebuilding a German Empire Japan- wanted an empire, land in Japan- wanted an empire, land in
southeast Asia and coast of Chinasoutheast Asia and coast of China
Where the war was fought:Where the war was fought:
European Theater: European Theater: Eastern Europe Eastern Europe and then throughout Europe and then throughout Europe
-GERMANY and Italy invade the -GERMANY and Italy invade the entire European continententire European continent
Pacific TheaterPacific Theater: Asia, Pacific, Islands, : Asia, Pacific, Islands, China- JAPANChina- JAPAN
Allied PowersAllied PowersFDR, Josef Stalin, and Winston ChurchillFDR, Josef Stalin, and Winston Churchill
Harry Truman, Stalin and ChurchillHarry Truman, Stalin and Churchill
US InvolvementUS Involvement
IsolationismIsolationism: US belief/strategy to : US belief/strategy to keep to itself- not involve itself in keep to itself- not involve itself in world issues and affairs.world issues and affairs.
Stayed out of WWII for quite awhile- Stayed out of WWII for quite awhile- (until the bombing at Pearl Harbor)(until the bombing at Pearl Harbor)
Lend Lease ActLend Lease Act FDR and Congress passed act to be able FDR and Congress passed act to be able
to to lendlend war materials to countries that war materials to countries that were important to our interests. were important to our interests.
German u-boats began sinking American German u-boats began sinking American merchant ships.- (several off GA- SSI and merchant ships.- (several off GA- SSI and Cumberland)Cumberland)
FDR ordered to “FDR ordered to “shoot on sight”shoot on sight”
Attack on Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,
HawaiiHawaii Brought US into the war- became Brought US into the war- became
part of the ALLIESpart of the ALLIES Over 2,300 killed and 19 ships Over 2,300 killed and 19 ships
destroyeddestroyed ““A date which will live in infamyA date which will live in infamy””
The end of the The end of the depression depression
Men in the MilitaryMen in the Military
Women were in the workforceWomen were in the workforce
Factories making war productsFactories making war products
The Holocaust and Liberating the The Holocaust and Liberating the Concentration CampsConcentration Camps
Hitler’sHitler’s plan was to “ plan was to “purifypurify” the German ” the German race by race by removing undesirablesremoving undesirables..
concentration camps concentration camps and then and then • killed them in killed them in gas chambersgas chambers
Over 6 million Jews diedOver 6 million Jews died An estimated 11 million people died in An estimated 11 million people died in
the campsthe camps This was the This was the HolocaustHolocaust Allied forces liberated a number of the Allied forces liberated a number of the
campscamps
Georgia and World War IIGeorgia and World War II
1940-still in depression, most still work 1940-still in depression, most still work on farmson farms
War Effort:War Effort: 1- Servicemen1- Servicemen 2-Manufacturing/War Supplies2-Manufacturing/War Supplies 3-Military Training3-Military Training 4-Crops and Supplies4-Crops and Supplies
Economy Improves!Economy Improves!
Georgia’s MilitaryGeorgia’s Military
Over 300,000 Georgia men and women served Over 300,000 Georgia men and women served in the military during the war.in the military during the war.
Almost 7,000 of them died.Almost 7,000 of them died.
Liberty ShipsLiberty Ships
Brunswick and SavannahBrunswick and Savannah Between 1943-44 99 built in BwkBetween 1943-44 99 built in Bwk Employed 16,000 peopleEmployed 16,000 people Quickly builtQuickly built, assembly line, assembly line ““throwaways”, “ugly ducklings”throwaways”, “ugly ducklings” Cargo ships- Cargo ships- supplies, men, weaponssupplies, men, weapons Famous people:Famous people:
• Henry GradyHenry Grady• Howard CoffinHoward Coffin
Glynco Naval Air StationGlynco Naval Air Station
This area is now known as This area is now known as FLETC.FLETC. Only Only Naval station Naval station to house to house every type of every type of
aircraftaircraft Largest Largest blimp base blimp base in the worldin the world Blimps looked for German U-boats and Blimps looked for German U-boats and
escorted Allied shipsescorted Allied ships
Bell Bomber Aircraft CompanyBell Bomber Aircraft Company
Marietta, GA Marietta, GA 19431943 Largest aircraft assembly plant in worldLargest aircraft assembly plant in world BuiltBuilt B-29 bombers B-29 bombers (665 of them)(665 of them) EmployedEmployed: from 1,179 to over : from 1,179 to over
17,000 by the end of the war17,000 by the end of the war Women- Rosie the RiveterWomen- Rosie the Riveter Major defense plant in USMajor defense plant in US Now Now Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin
Training Allied Troops in GATraining Allied Troops in GA GA and Texas had the most training facilitiesGA and Texas had the most training facilities
Camp Stewart Camp Stewart Camp Gordon Camp Gordon Fort Benning Fort Benning Warner Robbins Warner Robbins Southern FieldsSouthern Fields
How GA got so many military How GA got so many military camps:camps:
Lots of Lots of open unused land, good climateopen unused land, good climate Active and powerful leadersActive and powerful leaders:: Carl Vinson-Carl Vinson- US US CongressmanCongressman from from
GeorgiaGeorgia for over 50 yrs, helped create US for over 50 yrs, helped create US AIR FORCE and Navy in the Pacific, helped AIR FORCE and Navy in the Pacific, helped bring military to GAbring military to GA
Richard Russell-Richard Russell- US US Senator from GASenator from GA: over : over 40 yrs, 40 yrs, past governor of GApast governor of GA, supported , supported strong military, supported federal farm strong military, supported federal farm relief, rural electrification, relief, rural electrification, National School National School Lunch Act Lunch Act
Leaders saw this as a way Leaders saw this as a way to help Ga. to help Ga. economicallyeconomically
Camp StewartCamp Stewart
Now called Now called Fort StewartFort Stewart
Near Near SavannahSavannah
Anti-aircraftAnti-aircraft training training
Lots of land- Lots of land- live ammunitionlive ammunition
50,000 troops50,000 troops
280,000 acres- 5 counties280,000 acres- 5 counties
Camp GordonCamp Gordon
AugustaAugusta Largest Largest communication communication center in the center in the
worldworld
Fort BenningFort Benning
Columbus, GAColumbus, GA Largest Largest infantry training post infantry training post in the in the
worldworld
Warner Robins Warner Robins
Air Force BaseAir Force Base 15,000 civilian employees15,000 civilian employees
Southern FieldsSouthern Fields
Western GA- near AmericusWestern GA- near Americus German Prisoner of War CampGerman Prisoner of War Camp
Georgia’s Wartime EconomyGeorgia’s Wartime Economy Economy is still rooted in Economy is still rooted in agriculture- agriculture-
diversified a little- dairy, food cropsdiversified a little- dairy, food crops Largest form of manufacturing is textilesLargest form of manufacturing is textiles Coca-ColaCoca-Cola won a won a government contractgovernment contract to to
supply Coke to the soldiers in Europesupply Coke to the soldiers in Europe• Bottling plants were built in Europe and the Bottling plants were built in Europe and the
PacificPacific
Social and Economic Impact of the WarSocial and Economic Impact of the War Two oil tankers were sunk off the coast of Two oil tankers were sunk off the coast of
SSI by German u-boatsSSI by German u-boats PeoplePeople collected and donatedcollected and donated items like items like
scrap metal and rubber to help make scrap metal and rubber to help make weapons and other equipment.weapons and other equipment.
Victory gardensVictory gardens were planted to help were planted to help families at home and troops overseasfamilies at home and troops overseas
Ration cardsRation cards were issued by the were issued by the government on such items as gas, rubber government on such items as gas, rubber tires, and meat & sugar.tires, and meat & sugar.
V-E DayV-E Day
Victory in Europe DayVictory in Europe Day Germany surrendersGermany surrenders May 8, 1945May 8, 1945
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb The The B-29 bomber B-29 bomber known as the known as the Enola GayEnola Gay
dropped an dropped an atomic bomb atomic bomb on Hiroshima in on Hiroshima in JapanJapan
Three days laterThree days later, a second a-bomb was , a second a-bomb was dropped on dropped on NagasakiNagasaki, also in Japan, also in Japan
Over 110,000 people were killed Over 110,000 people were killed immediately and more than 100,000 immediately and more than 100,000 others died within a few months from others died within a few months from radiation exposureradiation exposure
V-J DayV-J Day
Victory over Japan DayVictory over Japan Day Japan surrendersJapan surrenders August 14, 1945August 14, 1945
After Hiroshima and NagasakiAfter Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Postwar GeorgiaPostwar Georgia Baby BoomBaby Boom – A period in time of major – A period in time of major
increases in the number of births. Usually increases in the number of births. Usually happens after wars. happens after wars. (1946-1964)(1946-1964)
Men coming home from war looking for jobs.Men coming home from war looking for jobs. Moved to cities for more opportunities.Moved to cities for more opportunities.
Population Trends in GAPopulation Trends in GA
Between the 1930s and 1960s the Between the 1930s and 1960s the population in the rural areas dropped population in the rural areas dropped significantly as more people significantly as more people moved into moved into the cities the cities looking looking for good paying jobsfor good paying jobs..
Folks that came from other states to GA, Folks that came from other states to GA, moved into the moved into the urban areas due to the urban areas due to the industriesindustries that were springing up. that were springing up.
Changes in Business & IndustryChanges in Business & Industry The average GA yearly income tripled The average GA yearly income tripled
from 1940-1950from 1940-1950 The number of white collar workers grew The number of white collar workers grew
from 20% in 1940 to 33% in 1960from 20% in 1940 to 33% in 1960 The 3 major counties of metropolitan The 3 major counties of metropolitan
Atlanta grew as did Savannah (due to the Atlanta grew as did Savannah (due to the port)port)
The The automobile industry grew as did the automobile industry grew as did the textile industrytextile industry
Labor unionsLabor unions began to form after WWII to began to form after WWII to make sure people had good working make sure people had good working conditionsconditions
Changes in AgricultureChanges in Agriculture MechanizationMechanization
• Tractors replaced sharecroppersTractors replaced sharecroppers Dairy & LivestockDairy & Livestock
• Increase in meat and dairy products during WWIIIncrease in meat and dairy products during WWII• PoultryPoultry is the largest industry in GA is the largest industry in GA
Poultry accounts for half of the state's $4 billion farm Poultry accounts for half of the state's $4 billion farm income. Its economic impact in Georgia is $13.5 billion. On income. Its economic impact in Georgia is $13.5 billion. On an average day, the state produces 24.7 million pounds of an average day, the state produces 24.7 million pounds of chicken meat and 8.2 million table eggs. chicken meat and 8.2 million table eggs.
Improved Farming MethodsImproved Farming Methods• New crops that produced betterNew crops that produced better• New chemicals to control weeds & pestsNew chemicals to control weeds & pests• Better organization of farmsBetter organization of farms
Crop DiversityCrop Diversity• Peanuts, soybeans, & tobacco Peanuts, soybeans, & tobacco = 27%= 27%• Cotton = 2.5%Cotton = 2.5%• Poultry farming and livestock = 50%Poultry farming and livestock = 50%
Growth of AtlantaGrowth of Atlanta TransportationTransportation
• AtlantaAtlanta Hub for railroadsHub for railroads I-75, I-20, & I-85 all intersected hereI-75, I-20, & I-85 all intersected here
• Interstate highway systemInterstate highway system Hartsfield AirportHartsfield Airport
• Home of Delta AirlinesHome of Delta Airlines MARTAMARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit
Authority)Authority)
Lake Sidney LanierLake Sidney Lanier• New source of water for Atlanta areaNew source of water for Atlanta area
Major League SportsMajor League Sports
Falcons, Hawks, BravesFalcons, Hawks, Braves
Huge VENUE- brings in peopleHuge VENUE- brings in people Shows that city is large enough to Shows that city is large enough to
support sportssupport sports and therefore large and therefore large enough to enough to support industry, visitors, support industry, visitors, economyeconomy
Atlanta’s Political LeadershipAtlanta’s Political Leadership
William HartsfieldWilliam Hartsfield• Atlanta’s Atlanta’s longest serving mayorlongest serving mayor• Developed the Developed the Atlanta airportAtlanta airport
Serves more than 78 million passengers Serves more than 78 million passengers annuallyannually
• Supported the Supported the Atlanta zooAtlanta zoo• Reformed the city’s Reformed the city’s police and fire police and fire
departmentsdepartments
Politics in WWII GeorgiaPolitics in WWII Georgia Board of Regents Controversy- “Cocking Affair”Board of Regents Controversy- “Cocking Affair”
• Involved Governor Involved Governor Eugene TalmadgeEugene Talmadge• He tried to He tried to get rid of educators that promoted get rid of educators that promoted
integrating the state’s schoolsintegrating the state’s schools• The Board of Regents would not fire people The Board of Regents would not fire people
just because Talmadge said sojust because Talmadge said so• Talmadge then forced two members of the Talmadge then forced two members of the
board to resign and replaced them with board to resign and replaced them with people who did what he saidpeople who did what he said
• Due to Talmadge’s involvement and the firing Due to Talmadge’s involvement and the firing of two college professors, the Southern of two college professors, the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools Schools took away GA’s accreditation in the took away GA’s accreditation in the public school systempublic school system
Governor Ellis ArnallGovernor Ellis Arnall• Replaced TalmadgeReplaced Talmadge• Promised to reform state Promised to reform state
governmentgovernment• Established the Established the Dept. of CorrectionsDept. of Corrections
Abolished chain gangs and severe Abolished chain gangs and severe punishmentpunishment
• Formed the Formed the Board of Pardons and Board of Pardons and ParolesParoles
• Changed the Changed the voting age from 21 to voting age from 21 to 1818
GA was the first state to let 18-year-GA was the first state to let 18-year-olds voteolds vote
Three Governor’s ControversyThree Governor’s Controversy Eugene TalmadgeEugene Talmadge ran for governor again ran for governor again
in in 19461946• Campaigned on a white supremacy platformCampaigned on a white supremacy platform• Talmadge won the election but died before Talmadge won the election but died before
taking officetaking office Herman TalmadgeHerman Talmadge, Eugene’s son, , Eugene’s son,
received a number of write-in votes and received a number of write-in votes and declared himself the new governordeclared himself the new governor
M.E. ThompsonM.E. Thompson, the Lieutenant Governor , the Lieutenant Governor declared himself the governordeclared himself the governor
Ellis ArnallEllis Arnall said he was still the governor said he was still the governor since no one had been sworn in yetsince no one had been sworn in yet
Controversy ContinuedControversy Continued Herman’s supporters broke into the governor’s Herman’s supporters broke into the governor’s
office and changed the locksoffice and changed the locks• Ellis couldn’t get into his officeEllis couldn’t get into his office• Herman’s supporters said he was the new governor Herman’s supporters said he was the new governor
and gave him the keys to the officeand gave him the keys to the office Ellis set up a temporary office at the Ellis set up a temporary office at the
information booth of the Capitol buildinginformation booth of the Capitol building Lt. Governor Thompson set up a governor’s Lt. Governor Thompson set up a governor’s
office in a nearby buildingoffice in a nearby building The GA Supreme Court ruled Thompson the The GA Supreme Court ruled Thompson the
official governorofficial governor Upon a new election, Herman Talmadge beat Upon a new election, Herman Talmadge beat
Thompson and became the governorThompson and became the governor
PoliticsPoliticsThe The county unit system, that favored the county unit system, that favored the
small rural counties, was ruled small rural counties, was ruled unconstitutionalunconstitutional in the early 60s. in the early 60s.• This changed the face of GA politicsThis changed the face of GA politics
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