ALGAESimilarities and difference to higher plants
Similarities• Presence of cell wall—mostly
cellulosic.• Autotrophs/Primary producers—
carry out photosynthesis• Presence of chlorophyll a
Differences• Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, and other
structures typical of true plants. • Algae do not have vascular tissues—non
vascular plants• Algae do not form embryos within protective
coverings—all cells are fertile.• Variations in pigments.• Variations in cell structure—unicellular,
colonial and multicellular forms.
Supergroup ExcavataKingdom Euglenozoa (euglena)
Supergroup “SAR” Clade
Kingdom StramenopilaPhylum Chrysophyta (golden algae)
Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Phylum Heterokontophyta/Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Kingdom AlveolataPhylum Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates)
Kingdom Rhizaria (rhizarians)Phylum Radiolaria
Phylum Foraminifera
Supergroup ArcheoplastidaKingdom Rhodophyta (red algae)
Viridiplantae
Kingdom Chlorophyta (green algae)
Kingdom Charophytes
Kingdom Plantae (embryophytes)
Mostly Algaes
Excavata
SAR: Stramenopila
SAR: Rhizaria
Archaeoplastida
Unikonta
Supergroups
Red and green algae
Slime molds
Forams and radiolarians
diatoms, golden and brown algae
Euglenoids
dinoflagellatesSAR: Alveolata
• Diatoms• Peridinium• Ceratium• Spirogyra • Chlamydomonas• Volvox
Algal Slides to examine
Excavata Euglenoids
Thecate- with shellAthecate- naked
2 kinds: centric (circular) and penate (oblong)
Frustule (silica shell)
centric pennate
Phylum Bacillariophyta: Diatoms
SAR: Stramenopila
SAR: Stramenopila Diatoms
epithecate
hypothecate
Diatom Reproduction- asexual
auxospore Discards shell and grows new one
SAR: Stramenopila
Dividing frustule
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Diatoms
Sargassum polyphyllum Sargassum echinocarpum
Phaeophyta: Brown Algae
Turbinaria ornata
Padina japonica Hydroclathrus clathratus
SAR: Stramenopila
SAR: Stramenopila
Kelp
• Single-celled eukaryote• Animal/plant type organism with 2 flagella• Bioluminescence• Zooxanthellae: Symbiodinium
Ceratium
Phylum Pyrrophyta: dinoflagellate
SAR: Alveolata
SpirogyraArchaeoplastida
Chlamydomonas Archaeoplastida
VolvoxArchaeoplastida
Chlorophyta: Green Algae
Caulerpa racemosa
Caulerpa sertularioides
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa
Codium eduleHalimeda opuntia
Archaeoplastida
Hypnea chordaceaAsparagopsis taxiformis
Galaxaura fastigiata
Acanthophora spiciferaAhnfeltia concinna
Rhodophyta: Red AlgaeArchaeoplastida
Thickener and help smooth:
• Many foods and milk-products
• Toothpaste
• Beauty creams
• Paints
• Medical products- like bacterial culture plates, time-release pills, and dental impression gels
Halimeda opuntia
Acanthophora
Avrainvillae
Eucheuma
Gracilaria Hypnea
Kappaphycus
Super Sucker
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