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2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
Fuel
Capacit
y
Fuel
Sy
stem
T
IP:
Som
eairplaneshavelongrangeand/ortiptanks.Makesureyouuse
the
correctusablefuelamountsfor
yourairplanesendurancecalcu-
latio
ns.
FuelCa
pacity
Total:
gal.Usable:
gal.
FuelSystem
Circlethetype(s
)offuelsystem(s)inyo
uraircraft:
Gravity-fed
PumpDriven
Fuel-injected
Carbureted
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
FuelDrainsandLocations
NumberofDrains:
Locations
:
FuelTypea
ndWeight
Type(e.g.,avgas,jet):
Weight:
lb./gal.
Fuel
Typeand
Weight
Fuel
Dra
insand
Loc
ations
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
3/18
Oil
(Min./
Max./
Typ
e)
En
gine
(Make,
Model,HP,rpm)TIP
:
Enginemodelnumberscantellyoualot.Forexample,aC172Rhas
aLycomingIO-360eng
ine.TheImeansfuelinjecteda
ndtheO
meansthecylindersar
ehorizontallyopposed.The360
refersto
cubicinchesofdisplac
ement,describingthephysicalsizeofthe
engine.
Engine
Make:
Model:
Horsepowe
r:
Max.rpm:
O
il
Minimum:
Maximum:
Type:
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
4/18
Electrical
System
Ma
gneto
C
heck
TIP:
Questiononhow
mag
netoswork?CheckouttheAOPA
AirSafetyFoundationsEngineandPropelleronlinecou
rseat
www.asf.org/courses.
MagnetoCheck
Runuprpm:
Max.rpmDrop
:
Max.DifferenceBetween
L
eftandRight
TIP:
Ele
ctricalcomponentamperageislis
tedonthefacesofthecircuit
bre
akers.TurningOFFthecomponen
tswiththelargestdraw
will
len
gthenthelifeofthebatteryfollow
inganalternatorfailure.
Electrica
lSystem
AlternatorVoltage:
BatteryVoltage:
AlternatorAmp
erage:
AbnormalIndicationsandWarnings:
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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GPS
Comm
1and2
ELT
Nav
MarkerBeacons
Transponder
ADF
AntennaLocations
TIP:
Aircraftantennalocation
svarybasedontheaircraftmake
/modeland
equipmentinstalled.
TIP:
Thisisimportantwhenmaneuvering
theaircraftonthegroundwitha
tug
and/ortow
bar.Lookformarking
sonthenosewheelstrut,wheel
pan
t,orcowlingthatindicatetheste
eringlimit.Thisdoesnotapplyif
the
nosewheelisfreecastering.
Nosewhee
lSteering
Steerablethrough
degrees
or
FreeCa
stering
Sampleaircraftantennalocations.
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Nosewhe
el
Steering
An
tenna
Loc
ations
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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TIP:
Maximum
rampweightusuallyincludestheweightoffuel
ne
ededtotaxiandcompletetherun
up.Thisiswhythemaxi-
mumrampweightmayexceedthe
maximum
takeoffweightin
thenormalcategory.
MaximumR
ampWeight
lb.
MaximumTakeoffWeight
lb.
VNE
-NeverExceedSpeed
TIP:
VNEisdenotedbytheredline.
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
Maximum
Weights
V
NE
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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VA-ManeuveringSpeed
AtMax.GrossWeight:
TIP:
VA
isthemaximum
speedatwhichyoumay
applyfullcontroldeflec
tionswithoutover-
stressingtheairplane.Itvarieswithweight.Pi-
lotsshouldflybelow
thisspeedinsevere
turbulence.
VNO-MaximumStruc
turalCruisingSpeed
T
IP:
VNO
isshownwherethegreenand
yellowarcsmeet.Itshouldnotbeexceeded
exceptinsmoothair.
NOTMARKED
SEEPOH
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
VNO
VA
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
VY
VXV
X-
BestAngleofClimb
TIP:
VX
deliversthegreatesta
ltitudegainover
agivendistance.
VY-BestRateofClimb
TIP:
VY
deliversthegreatestaltitudegain
overa
giv
enperiodoftime.
NOTM
ARKED
SEE
POH
NOTMARKED
SEEPOH
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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TIP:
Flapoperatingrangeiss
hownontheairspeedindicatorb
ythe
whitearc.Often,thefirstflapextensionspeedisnotinclu
dedinthe
whitearc.
VFE-MaximumFlapExtensionSp
eed
Increment
Speed
TIP:
Thisisnotmarkedontheairsp
eed
indicatorandwillchangedepe
ndingon
thetakeoffprocedure.
VR-Rot
ationSpeed
Normal:
Short-field
:
Soft-field
:
NOTMARKED
SEEPOH
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
VR
VFE
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
VS1
V
SO
TIP:
VSO
isshownonthebottom
ofthe
whitearc.
Remember:VSO
=
StuffOut,which
meansgearandflaps
extended.
TIP:
VS
1isshownonthebottom
of
th
egreenarc.
R
emember:VS1=
StuffIn,wh
ich
m
eansgearandflapsretracted.
VSO-StallS
peedLandingConfigu
ration
0Bank
60Bank
VS1-StallS
peedClean
0Bank
60Bank
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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TIP:
Memorizingproperpowersettingsandairspeedsfore
achsegment
oftheapproachwillh
elpstabilizetheapproachandla
nding.
Nor
malLandingProcedure
s
Leg
Pow
erSetting
FlapSetting
Airspeed
Crosswind:
Downwind:
Base:
Final:
NormalTakeo
ffProcedures
FlapSetting
:
RotationSpeed:
ClimbSpeed:
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Normal
Takeoff
Procedures
Normal
La
nding
Procedures
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Short-Field
Takeoff
Procedures
Sho
rt-Field
La
nding
Procedures
Short-FieldTake
offProcedures
FlapSetting:
RotationSpeed
:
ClimbSpeed:
FlapRetraction
:
TIP:
Theobjectiveoftheshort-fieldlandingistotransfertheaircrafts
weightfrom
thewingsto
wheelsassoonaspossible.Tou
ch
downasslowlyaspossible,whilesimultaneouslyapplyin
gmaximum
braking.
T
IP:
The
objectiveoftheshort-fieldlandingistotransitionfrom
the
takeoffrolltobest-angle-of-climbsp
eedasquickly,efficiently,and
safelyaspossible.Thisgenerallyme
ansusingminimalrunway
length,neutralelevatorforlow
drag,properflapsetting,and
avo
idingliftingofftoosoon.
Short-FieldLandingProcedures
Leg
Power
Setting
FlapSetting
Airspeed
Crosswind:
Downwind:
Base:
Final:
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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Soft-F
ieldLandingProcedure
s
Leg
Powe
rSetting
FlapSetting
A
irspeed
Crosswind:
Downwind:
Base:
Final:
TIP:
D
ontforgetthesesoft-fieldtakeoff
techniques:Holdfullaftelevator
w
hiletaxiingintopositionandavoidunnecessarystoppingorbrakin
g.
A
fterrotation,remembertoflying
roundeffectuntilreachingthe
p
roperclimbspeed.Inmanylightgeneralaviationaircraftyoumay
n
eedtopushforwardontheyoke
tostayingroundeffectwhilebuild-
in
gupairspeed.
Soft-FieldTak
eoffProcedures
ClimbSpeed:
FlapSetting:
FlapRetraction:
(airspeedoraltitude)
TIP:
Theobjectiveofasoft-fieldlandingistohavethewingssupportthe
aircraft'sweightaslong
aspossible,whichhelpsminimizethechance
ofsinkinginthesoftsoil.Touchdownassoftlyaspossib
le,hold
thenosewheelofftheg
round,andavoidunnecessarybr
aking.
Youmayneedtoaddpowerintheflaretoavoidahardlanding.
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Soft-Fiel
d
Takeoff
Procedures
Soft-Field
La
nding
Procedures
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Maximum
Demonstrated
Crosswind
Componen
t
Bes
tGlide
Speed
TIP:
Mostlightgeneralaviatio
naircraftwillglide
abouttwomilesforevery1,000feetofalti-
tude.Usuallyyoullwant
toextendtheglideas
longaspossiblebystrictlymaintainingthe
bestglidespeedandkee
pingtheaircrafts
configurationclean(e.g.,gearandflapsup,
featheredprop).
BestGlideSpeed
TIP:
T
hisisthemaximum
crosswindin
whichtheaircraftwas
testedduringcertification.Althoug
hitisnottechnicallya
limitation,itshouldbetreatedaso
ne.
Max.Demonstrated
CrosswindComponent
NOTMARKED
S
EEPOH
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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EmergencyProcedures:EngineFa
ilure
MemoryItems:
T
IP:
Evenifanaircrafthasdeiceoranti-iceequipment,itmaynotbecerti-
fied
forflightintoknownicingconditi
ons.Infact,few
lightgeneralavi-
ationaircrafthavethiscertification.
TypesofO
perations
Night
Yes
No
IFR
Yes
No
KnownIcing
Yes
No
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
Typeso
f
Operations
Emerge
ncyProcedures:
En
gine
Fa
ilure
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
EmergencyProcedures:
EngineFi
re
onStart
Emerge
ncyProcedures:
EngineFire
in
FlightEm
ergencyPr
ocedures:EngineFireinFlight
MemoryItems:
EmergencyProcedures
:EngineFireonStart
Memory
Items:
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
17/18
TIP:
Duetolackofanti-ordeiceequipment,mostlightgeneralaviationaircraftare
notapprovedforflightinto
icingconditions.Iftheaircraftisnot
equippedand
certifiedforicing,youMUSTexiticingconditionsimmediately.Ifyouhavean
inadvertenticingencounte
rinanaircraftwithoutwindshieldanti-ice,adjust
thedefrostersettingtopro
videmaximum
heattohelpkeepaportionofthe
windshieldclear.Turnoffthecabinheat,ifthatwillprovidemoreheattothe
windshield.
Formoreinformation,visit
www.asf.org/advisorsandselectthe
AircraftIcing
SafetyAdvisor,andtaketh
eWeatherWise:PrecipitationandIc
ing
onlinecourseatwww.asf.o
rg/courses.
Em
ergencyProcedures:
Inadv
ertentIcingEncounter
TIP:
Electricalfiresareusuallysmelledlon
gbeforetheyareseen.
EmergencyProcedures
:ElectricalFireinFligh
t
MemoryItems: 1
.FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
EmergencyProced
ures:
Electrical
Fire
inFlight
Emerge
ncyProcedures:
Inadvertent
Icing
Enc
ounter
7/30/2019 Aircraft Medres
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2. CUT HERE 2. CUT HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
1.
FOLD
HERE
EmergencyProcedures:
Spin
Recover
y
www
.asf.org
TheAOPAAirSafetyF
oundationisdedicatedtomaking
flyingeasier
andsaferforgeneralaviationpilots.Forinformationonfreelive
seminars,onlinecours
es,andprintmaterialsvisitwww.asf.org.
www.asf.org
TIP:
Somepilotscommittomemoryth
ePARED
acronym,which
meansPower-reduce,Ailerons-ne
utral,Rudder-fullopposite,
E
levator-forwardtobreakthestall
,andDive-recover.
SpinRecovery
Memo
ryItems:
Edition23-09403002
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