Aims
• Differentiate acute vs. chronic inflammation.
• Differentiate apoptosis vs. necrosis.
• Readings: Robbins, Chapters 1 & 2
Terms
• Cytokine- Secreted proteins that function as mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions. Secreted primarily by macrophages, NK cells, and T-cells.
• Chemokine- Family of low molecular weight cytokines that stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues.
Robbins Basic Pathology 2-8
Relationship between Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-8 7th Ed. & 2-5 8th Ed.
Inflammation Chronology
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-2
Major Manifestations of Acute Inflammation
• Vascular changes– Vascular
_________________________• Resulting in increased blood flow.
– Extravasation of fluid and plasma proteins
• Results in edema an deposition of plasma proteins.
• Cellular events– Leukocyte extravasation and
accumulation
Robbins’ Pathologic Basis of Disease Table 3-6
Mediators of Inflammation
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-24 7th Ed.
Serous inflammationskin blisterfluid edema
Histology of Acute Inflammation
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-4 7th Ed.
Fibrinous inflammationfibrin leaks out of vessels
Histology of Acute Inflammation
Ulcerationssurface of an organshedding of necrotic tissue
Suppurative inflammationPus = PMNs, edema, necrotic cell debris
Vascular Changes Following an Injury
• Transient vasoconstriction (seconds) followed by vasodilation.– Results in increased blood flow.
• Slowing of blood flow.– Due to increased vascular permeability.
• Leukocyte margination.– Leading to leukocyte extravasation.
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-3 7th Ed.
Edema
• Hydrostatic pressure– ______________________
in inflammation.• Due to dilation of arterioles
resulting in more blood flow to capillaries.
• Colloid osmotic pressure– Decreases in inflammation.
• Due to loss of plasma proteins into interstitial fluid.
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-19 7th Ed. & 2-9 8th Ed.
Resolution of Inflammation• Return to normal
permeability.
• Drainage of edema into lymphatic vessels.
• Pinocytosis/phagocytosis of edema fluid.
• Phagocytosis of PMNs and debris by macrophages.
Sherwood’s Human Physiology 12-2
Summary of Acute Inflammation
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