AIM: How did Islam develop? Do-Now: Byzantine Crossword
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The Arabian Peninsula The religion of Islam began in the
Arabian Peninsula. This area is mostly desert, yet it was home to
many Arabic nomadic tribes, called Bedouins Muhammad, the founder
of Islam, was born in Mecca around 570 AD. Mecca was a bustling
market town. The Kaaba, an ancient temple for pagan gods was in
Mecca. Many made pilgrimages there.
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Muhammad Becomes A Prophet Muhammad, first a shepherd and then
a merchant, was troubled by the lack of morals within Meccan
society especially greed. Muhammad devoted his life to spreading
Islam and urged Arabs to give up their worship of pagan gods and
worship one god, Allah (the Judeo-Christian god). Muhammad received
his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the cave of
Hira
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Islam is an Abrahamic religion Monotheistic: Muslims are strict
monotheists They believe in Allah, the Judeo-Christian god Islam
means submission to the will of Allah Muslims = those who submit to
the will of Allah People of the Book: Muslims believe that the
Torah, the Bible and the Quran are all the word of god. They are
all peoples of the book.
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Abrahams Geneology
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The Prophetic Tradition: God had many prophets but Muhammad is
the last and greatest. ADAM Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad
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The Hijra At first, Meccan merchants rejected Islam 622:
Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca for Yathrib (now Medina)
Hijra = a turning point for Islam because Muhammad was welcomed and
many people converted to Islam. The beginning of the Muslim
calendar (1 AH) 630: Muhammad returned to Mecca, rededicated the
Kaaba to Allah, and united the Arabs under Islam.
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Do-Now: Copy down these Quran notes. The Quran, the holy
scriptures of Islam, contains 114 suras, or rhythmic verses.
Muslims believe they contain the word of God as revealed to
Muhammad over a span of 20 years, repeated by Muhammad and written
down by followers. The Quran teaches that God (Allah) is all
powerful and compassionate. The Quran is written in Arabic and is
the ultimate authority on religious as well as legal
questions.
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The Five Pillars of Islam In your 5 Pillar Groups, each person
will contribute to a poster about your assigned pillar. At 11:20,
we will put the posters up for a gallery walk.
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At Prayer Mosque in Dearborn, Michigan Haram Sharif Grand
Mosque, Mecca Pilgrimage to Kaaba in Mecca
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Do-Now: Take down these notes on how Islam is a Way of Life
Islam is both a religion and way of life. Islamic law governs daily
life, and Muslim traditions determine ethical behavior and
influence family relations. Over time the Muslims developed a code
of laws called the Sharia. The Sharia regulates moral conduct,
family life, business practices, government, etc.
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Islam and Women Islam granted women protection under the law
Although Muslims are spiritually equal, men and women have very
different roles and rights. Islam adopted practices from conquered
lands such as upper class women wearing veils and secluding
themselves. But practice varied by class and region.
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Pages 256-260 Islam Spreads 1.Worksheet 2.How did the Muslims
conquer many lands? Why were they so successful? 3.Why did the
empire of the caliphs decline? 4.What issues divided Sunni Muslims
and Shiite Muslims? 5.Identify or define the following terms:
Umayyads, Abassids, caliph,
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AIM: How were the Muslims able to conquer so many lands?
Do-Now: Review Questions
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More Review Questions
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Islam Spreads
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Building a Muslim Empire The death of Muhammad in 632 plunged
his followers into grief & civil war b/c there was no
successor.. Rightly Guided Caliphs: The first 4 caliphs had all
known Muhammad and made great progress to spread Islam. Shiites
Believed that Muhammads successor should be his son- in-law Ali.
Today Iran/Iraq are majority Shiite. Sunnis Believed that Muhammads
successor, or caliph, should be a good Muslim from Muhammads tribe
today 90% Muslims are Sunni.
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Under the first 4 caliphs, Muslims conquered the Byzantine
& Persian Empires. How were they able to do this? Byzantine
& Persian Empires weak from fighting each other People welcomed
Arab conquerors as liberators Arabs used bold fighting methods
(camel cavalry) Islam united people WHY? Conquered people treated
fairly
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The Muslim Empire Expands The Umayyad Caliphate, a dynasty of
Sunni caliphs, ruled the Muslim Empire from its capital at Damascus
from 661 until 750. After the first 4 Caliphs, the Umayyad, and
Abbasid Dynasties emerged: Under the Abbasid dynasty, the empire
reached its greatest wealth and power, and Muslim civilization
flourished. Poets, scholars, philosophers, and entertainers from
all over the world came to Baghdad, their capital.
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Effects of Muslim Expansion Immediate Effects Islam spreads
from the Atlantic coast to the Indus Valley Centers of learning
flourish in Cairo, Crdoba, and elsewhere Long-Term Effects Muslim
civilization emerges Linking of Europe, Asia, and Africa through
Muslim trade network Arabic becomes shared language of Muslims
Split between Sunni and Shiites
Slide 21
Muslim Empire Declines Beginning in 850, The Abbasid empire
fragmented into many small states, which made them weak. First, the
Seljuk Turks invaded the Middle East and adopted Islam. By 1055
they took control of Baghdad, pushing into the Byzantine Empire.
Then, in 1216 Genghis Khan and Mongols burned and looted Baghdad.
REMEMBER: The fighting between the Seljuk Turks and Byzantines
prevented Christian pilgrims from travelling to Jerusalem, leading
Pope Urban II to call for the First Crusade (holy wars between
Christians and Muslims).