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AGRICULTURE SECTOROF INDIA
Presented by-- Mahendra Singh Rajpurohit - 44- Kishore Kumar Sharma - 24
- Chetan Telung -- Amit Srivastav - 56- Alok Kumar - 25
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Introduction
India's main occupation was agriculture from thousands of year.
India was a agriculture based country .- More then 60% of population was depend on agriculture
& agro. Related product.
- India's agriculture share more then 50 % in GDP.
In 1963 green revolution.
After 1991 total scenario has change
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Five Year Plans
Five Year Plans Overall GDP Agriculture &growth rate Allied Sectors
Seventh Plan (1985-90) 6.0 3.2
Annual Plan (1990-92) 3.4 1.3 Eighth Plan (1992-97) 6.7 4.7
Ninth Plan (1997-2002) 5.5 2.1
Tenth Plan (2002-07) 7.6 2.3
2002-03 3.8 -7.2
2003-04 8.5 10.0
2004-05 (P) 7.5 0.0
2005-06 (Q) 9.0 6.0
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CATAGORIES IN AGRICULTURE
FOOD CROPS;Wheat, Rice, Maize, Bajra, Jwar, Barley
PULSES;
Chana, Mung, Mogar CASH CROPS;
Tobacco, Cotton, Joot, Oil seeds,
Ground nuts, Castor oil, Castor seeds, Mustard oil
PLANTATION;
Rubber, Tea, Coffee, Chili,Ginger, Turmeric, Coconuts, garlic
Horticulture;Apples, Mangoes, Banana, Pine apple, Pares,
Almonds, Strawberry
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Area and production of major
horticultural crops(Area-Million hectare, Production-Million tonnes)
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Crops
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production
Fruits 4.8 49.2 5.1 49.8 5.3 52.8 5.9 54.4
Vegetables 5.9 84.8 6.7 101.4 7.1 108.2 7.2 113.5
Spices 2.4 3.8 5.2 4 3.2 4.9 3.2 5.9
Plantation crops 3.1 13.1 3.3 9.4 3.1 10.4 3.2 9.8
Flowers 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.8
Others 0.09 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
Total 16.4 152.0 20.6 165.5 19.2 177.4 20.0 184.9
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Agriculture Production Targets for2006-07
Rice 80.78 12.02 92.80Wheat - 75.53 75.53Jowar 4.28 3.33 7.61Bajra 8.55 8.55Maize 12.54 2.85 15.39Ragi 2.79 2.79Barley - 1.65 1.65
Small Millets 0.53 0.53
Cereals 28.69 7.83 36.52Total Pulses 5.78 9.37 15.15Total Food grains 115.25 104.75 220.00Cotton* 185.00 185.00Jute** 101.20 101.20Mesta** 11.60 11.60Sugarcane 270.0
* Lakh bales of 170 kgs each
** Lakh bales of 180 kgs eachI (Million tonnes)
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International comparisons ofyieldSelected commodities2004-05
RICE/PADDY WHEAT MAIZE Egypt 9.8 China 4.25 U.S.A 9.15 India 2.9 France 7.58 France 7.56 Japan 6.42 India 2.71 India 1.18 Myanmar 2.43 Iran 2.06 Germany 6.69
Korea 6.73 Pakistan 2.37 Philippines 2.1 Thailand 2.63 U.K 7.77 China 4.9 U.S.A 7.83 Australia 1.64 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORLD 3.96 2.87 3.38
Metric tones/ hectare
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EXPORT
Marine product $ 1323 mill
Casunuts $ oil $ 804 mill
Oil knocks $ 713 millWheat $ 512 mill
Non basmati rice $ 467 mill
Basmati rice $ 424 millMeat & pip ration $ 349 mill
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EXPORT.
Tea $ 347 millSpices $ 332 millSugar $ 266 millTobacco $ 237 millProcess items $ 236 millCoffee $ 236 millFruits & vegetables $ 205 millRow cotton $ 177 mill
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Economic Reforms in IndianAgriculture
Slow and cautious approach to reforms
Main benefits due to reforms in non-
agricultural sectors Only major reform being abolition of
zones and emergence of the country a
single market for agricultural
commodities
Privatization also got a fillip.
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Factors Contributing to Agriculturalgrowth in Previous Decades
Performance of Agriculture in the lastdecade was in sharp contrast toperformance in two previous decades.
The factors contributing to earlier growthincluded
larger investment in agriculture
size neutral technology
reforms in supporting systems
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The Changed Circumstances
The next phase of reforms has to take intoaccount following circumstances
Indian Agriculture is progressively acquiring
a small farm character The country is wedded to domestic
market reforms It is committed to an open global economy It is a democratic multi-party competitive polity.
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Measures which need immediateattention are
review of the policy on input subsidies
review of the policy on agricultural prices
reforms in the support systems
completing the unfinished agenda ondomestic market reforms.
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Input Subsidies
The rationale for input subsidies can be provided if Input is a new and risky input warranting sharing
of risks by the state
It contributes to increase in productivity which isshared both by the producers and consumers Subsidizing income is the only way to transfer
income to the poor producers In case of heavily traded products, the trading
partners are resorting to overt or covertsubsidization and there is no other way for redress
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Input Subsidies
There is a need to retreat withoutdisarray
Put a cap on subsidies Earmark the savings obtained for
investment in rural infrastructure Improve efficiency of input production
and supplies Involve users in the distribution of inputs Bring states on the common platform of
reforms.
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Agriculture Price Policy
Present policy is disfunctional and hascreated serious distortions.
The major weakness arises due to thefact that we are using administratedprices as vehicle for income transfer.
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Agriculture Price Policy
Reforms in Agriculture Price Policy will include
Long-term strategy to strengthen crop
insurance and forward trade.
In the interim, the scope and coverage of MSP
be limited.
A price band may be announced to triggeropen market operations.
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Agriculture Price Policy
Procurement operation should be organised
strictly as business operation
Responsibility for PDS should be passed on tostates, and subsequently to lower units of
Panchayati Raj.
Better coordination between price policy and
trade policy should be ensured.
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Economic Reforms
Emphasise reforms in the supportinstitutions i.e., institutions to provideresearch, extension, credit and
marketing services
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Reforms in Support Systems
To strengthen Rural Financial Institutionsaddress some of the critical problems
Improve absorptive capacity of the borrowers
with emphasis on investment in infrastructure
strengthen channels of investment credit.
use various options available to reduce
transaction cost.
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Reforms in Support System (RFI)
Mitigate risk at borrowers level with crop
insurance and forward trade .
Mitigate risk for RFI through an
Agricultural Risk Fund contributed by the
Centre, states and banking institutions
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Problems
There were and continue to exist certain weak
spots in Indian agriculture. These are
degradation of land and water resources low value production
declining productivity of modern input, and
inefficient support systems.
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THANKS
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