8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
1/50
Flight Control Systems (Conventional &
Digital) & Enhanced Diagnostic Aid (EDNA)
2a. Identify principles of flight with
at least 80% accuracy.
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Overview of Principles of Flight
Basic Facts and Terms
Controls and Surfaces
Axes of Rotation
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Principles of Flight
Bernoullis Principle
As air velocity increases,
pressure decreases
As air velocity decreases,
pressure increases
Venturi tube
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Density
As air is compressed, it becomes more dense
Air has less density at high altitude
Air expands as it is heated occupies more space Changes in air density affect flight
Climate is cold, altitude is low = dense air
Aircraft achieves takeoff speed more quickly
Takes off with less runway High Altitude = low density (airplane flies faster)
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Humidity
Higher temperature of air the more water it can
absorb
Temperature the same density of air varies withhumidity
Damp days
Density is less than it is on dry days
Airplane requires longer runway for takeoff
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Relative Wind the direction of the airflow with
respect to the wing
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Angle of Attack angle between the wing chord
line and the direction of the relative wind
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Airfoils
Any object designed to obtain a reaction upon itself
from the air through which it passes
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Wing Chord Line
Distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge
Represented by a straight line called the chord line
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Camber
The curve or departure from the chord line
Positive Convex Surface
Negative Concave Surface
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Camber
Upper Surface Always positive
Lower Surface
Positive (usually) Zero
Negative
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Producing Lift
High-speed flow is associated with low pressure
Low-speed flow is associated with high pressure
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Airfoil is designed to increase the velocity of theairflow above the surface decreases pressure
above the airfoil
Impact of air on lower surface increases pressure
below
Pressure differential causes lift
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Weight the force of gravity
acting downward upon
anything that goes into the
aircraft
Reduced as fuel is burned
Reduced as missles and
bombs are released Reduced the aircraft will
climb
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Lift acts vertically, by doing so counteracts
weight
Increases to a certain point with
AOA
Air Density
Airspeed
Lift is increased aircraft will climb Lift is reduced aircraft will descend
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Drag forward deterrent force (caused by the disruption
of the airflow by the wings, fuselage and protrudingobjects)
Increases with
Airspeed
AOA (drag increases much more rapidly than lift as AOAincreases)
Decreases with increased altitude due to decrease in air density
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Thrust the forward force produced by the jet engine
that overcomes the force of drag Increased thrust increases airspeed
Decreased thrust is needed at higher altitude to achieve the
same airspeed due to less air density and drag
Thrust is decreased, airspeed will decrease
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Controls and Surfaces
Stick
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Controls and Surfaces
Mechanical/Electronic
Controls
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Controls and Surfaces
Electronic Controls
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Controls and Surfaces
Rudder Pedals
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Controls and Surfaces
Flap Controls
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Control/Surface Connection
Direct Mechanical
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Control/Surface Connection
Power Assisted Mechanical
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Control/Surface Connection
Powered, Electronically Controlled
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Flight Control Surfaces
Wings
Primary means of providing lift for the aircraft
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Flaps
Attached to wings
Moveable surfaces that provide increased lift
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Flaps
Trailing Edge Flaps
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Flaps
Leading Edge Flaps
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Ailerons
Moveable surfaces to provide roll control
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Horizontal Stabilizers
Provides stabilization against uncontrolled pitching of theaircraft
Attached to aft section of aircraft
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Elevators
Moveable surfaces to provide pitch control
Attached to trailing edge of horizontal stabs
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Moveable Horizontal Stabilizers
Entire Surface pivots to provide pitch control Does not require elevators
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Vertical Stabilizers
Provides stabilization against uncontrolled yawing
of the aircraft
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
Rudder
Moveable surfaces to provide yaw control
Move symmetrically
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Combined Surfaces
Flaperon
f f f
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Elevons
d f l f fl h h l
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Speedbrake
2 Id if i i l f fli h i h l 80%
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Axes of Rotation
Surfaces are normally streamline for straight
and level flight
2 Id if i i l f fli h i h l 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Roll
The longitudal axis is an imaginary line through
center of straight and level flight
2 Id tif i i l f fli ht ith t l t 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Roll
Movement about the axis is roll
2 Id tif i i l f fli ht ith t l t 80%
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Roll
Roll is initiated by applying lateral pressure to the
side stick controller
2 Id tif i i l f fli ht ith t l t 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Pitch
The lateral axis is an imaginary line from the wing
tip to wing tip
2 Id tif i i l f fli ht ith t l t 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Pitch
Movement about about the axis is pitch
2 Id tif i i l f fli ht ith t l t 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Pitch
Pitch is initiated by applying fore and aft pressure
on the side stick controller
2a Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Yaw
The vertical axis is an imaginary line through the
center of the aircraft from top to bottom
2a Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Yaw
Movement about the axis is yaw
2a Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Yaw
Yaw initiated using rudder pedals
2a Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
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2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Trim
2a Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
8/10/2019 AET 28 Principles of Flight Overview
50/50
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80%
accuracy.
Summary of Principles of Flight
Defined Basic Facts and Terms
Covered Controls and Surfaces
Axes of Rotation
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