ADAPTIVE FACADECLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADE SYSTEM
PROJECT DESCRIPTION & CASE STATEMENT
GOALS & GUIDING PRINCIPLES
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
CLIMATE ZONE ANALYSIS
PRECEDENT STUDIES
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ARCH 523 LORETTA ROMERO FALL 2011
MY PROJECT WILL BE AN ADAPTIVE FACADE SYSTEM THAT COULD BE APPLIED TO
ANY BUILDING TYPE WHETHER EXISTING OR NEW, IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE
OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING. THIS SYSTEM WOULD BE APPLIED TO
A BUILDING IN ORDER TO UTILIZE NATURAL LIGHTING AND SHADING CONDITIONS,
MADE POSSIBLE BY THE INNOVATIONS OF THE SMART FACADE. IT WILL BE A LIGHT-
WEIGHT NON-STRUCTURAL SECONDARY ENVELOPE SYSTEM. THIS PROJECT WILL
BE DEVELOPED BECAUSE MORE INNOVATION AND RESPONSIBILITY NEEDS TO BE
APPLIED TO THE CURRENT WAYS IN WHICH WALL SYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY BEING
APPLIED. THE GENERIC SYSTEMS BEING USED TODAY ARE NOT AS TECHNOLOGI-
CALLY ADVANCED OR RESPONSIBLE AS THEY HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE IN
ORDER TOO IMPROVE ON INTERNAL HEAT LOAD CONDITIONS AS WELL AS NATU-
RAL LIGHTING AND SHADING CONDITIONS.
ELEVATOR STATEMENT
THE ADAPTIVE FAADE SYSTEM HAS THE CAPABILITIES TO NOT ONLY TRANSFORM AN EXISTING FACADE
INTO A HIGHER PERFORMANCE ENVELOPE BUT ALSO CREATE A NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING THAT
CAN UTILIZE NATURAL ELEMENTS THAT OTHERWISE GO UNUSED.
BY RETRO-FITTING EXISTING BUILDING ENVELOPES WITH THIS HIGH PERFORMANCE SKIN, NOT ONLY IS IT
SUSTAINABLE IN THAT THE CURRENT BUILDING IS BEING RE-USED BUT IT ALSO DECREASES THE AMOUNT OF NEW
BUILDING THAT OCCURS. BY MINIMIZING NEW CONSTRUCTION, A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN ENERGY CON-
SUMPTION IS BEING IMPLEMENTED. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT LOW ENERGY STRATEGIES BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE
REFURBISHMENT OF THESE EXISISTING, OTHERWISE LOW PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS.
IN REGARD TO NEW CONSTRUCTION, THE COMBINATION OF THIS INTELLIGENT SKIN AND SMARTER BUILD-
ING DESIGN, HAS THE ABILITY TO TRANSFORM NEW BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR THE FUTURE OF OUR
ENERGY NEEDS. BY RESPONDING TO NATURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS EXTERIOR SUN AND SHADING AND ALSO
RESPONDING TO INTERIOR ELEMENTS SUCH AS INTERNAL HEAT GAIN AND LOADS, NOT ONLY CAN THIS SKIN
CREATE A MORE COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT TO WORK OR LIVE IN, BUT IT CAN ALSO CREATE A MORE
ENERGY RESPONSIBLE BUILDING.
THE SKIN MUST BE A LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE THAT COULD SUPPORT ITSELF IN ORDER TO AVOID ADDI-
TIONAL STRUCTURAL COSTS WITHIN AN EXISTING BUILDING AND ALSO TO MINIMIZE STRUCTURAL COSTS WITHIN
NEW CONSTRUCTION. THE UTILIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IS A MUST IN
ORDER FOR THE FAADE ITSELF TO BE SELF-SUSTAINING NOT ONLY STRUCTURALLY BUT ALSO IN REGARDS TO
COST.
CASE STATEMENT
1. TO DESIGN AN INNOVATIVE, RESPONSIVE FAADE THAT IS NOT ONLY ENERGY RESPONSIBLE BUT ALSO
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING FOR BOTH NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- THE FACADE WILL UTILIZE NATURAL RESOURCES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE INTERNAL BUILDING
COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFIENCY.
- THE SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE ADDITIONAL AESTHETIC QUALITIES TO THE BUILDING.
2. TO ENHANCE EXISTING BUILDINGS BY INCREASING THEIR PERFORMANCE AND OVERALL APPEARANCE.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- THE SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTING BUILDING PERFORMANCE, MINI-
MIZING NEW BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
- BY RETRO-FITTING EXISTING BUILDINGS, A MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE WITH LESS BUILDING
WASTE IS ALLOWED
3. TO UTILIZE THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE TODAY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE BUIDLING FACADE
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE CREATING A MORE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING FUTURE.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES ALLOW FOR A MECHANICALLY RESPONSIVE AND RESPONSIBLE
FACADE SYSTEM
- BY CREATING A MORE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING FACADE, WE CAN EXTEND THE LIFESPAN OF A
BUILDING AND DECREASE OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
GOALS AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
RESPONSIVEMECHANICAL
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
PISTON SYSTEMS
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
UMBRELLA STRUCTURE
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
HEXPLY
PTFESILICON COATED FIBERGLASS FABRIC
WOVEN PTFEHIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)
MATERIAL CHOICE FOR THE ADAPTIVE
FACADE WILL BE CRUCIAL. IN THAT, THE
MATERIAL MUST BE LIGHT WEIGHT BUT
ALSO STRUCTURALLY SOUND TO HOLD
ITS FORM. IT MUST ALSO KEEP LIGHT OUT
WITHOUT TRANSFERRING HEAT IN OR
OUT OF THE BUILDING, ALONG WITH
MAINTAINING A DESIRABLE AESTHETIC
AND LOW BUDGET.
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
GRID SYSTEM
Grida) Centreline grid b) Modular grid c) Oset primary and secondary grids
F A C A D E S : P R I N C I P L E S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N
Centreline grid: The base grid is aligned with the centreline of
the building components. The length of the centreline is not de-
ned. This can be particularly useful if the sizes of some or all
components are not yet known.
Modular grid: A modular grid describes the extrapolation of the
primary structure. The secondary grid of the faade is aligned
with this primary grid. Zones with visibly varied widths are cre-
ated in areas b and c.
Primary and secondary grids at an oset: Osetting the
faade grid in relation to the secondary grid can have an inter-
mediary eect. However, this needs careful consideration when
designing the wall joints. Sometimes intermediate members (c)
have to be inserted for adjustment, or they can be used as an
optional design element.
QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
STRUCTURAL PLACEMENT
F A C A D E S : P R I N C I P L E S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N
The secondary structure of the faade is positioned in front of the primary structure of the building.
The faade is ushed with the primary strucure
The faade is situated behind the primary structure.
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
THERMAL COMFORT
F A C A D E S : P R I N C I P L E S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N
Parameters in uencing thermal comfort Many factors are responsible for the thermal comfort level. The human body emits heat through radiation and convection, but also per-ceives the heat/cold from the surrounding walls and the air ow in the room
ComfortComfort range depending on room air tempera-ture and the surface temperature of the room- enclosing surfaces.
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
INTERIOR CONDITIONS
C L I M A T E S K I N , B U I L D I N G S K I N C O N C E P T T H A T C A N D O M O R E W I T H L E S S E N E R G Y
ILLUMINANCE AND REFLECTIVITY
30-80%
60-90%
20-60%
10-50%
AIR QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
MAX 0.15 VOL % CO2
FLOOR TEMP, VERTICAL TEMP GRADIENT AND AIR SPEED
MAX 3 K
19-29 C
OVERALL, THE QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF THIS PROJECT ARE THE NECESSARY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS, ALONG WITH MATERIALITY QUALITIES AND MECHANICAL SPECS THAT WILL PROVIDE THE MOST
EFFICIENT OVERALL FACADE. THE FACADE IS ESSENTIALLY THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR
CONDITIONS. SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT OUTDOOR PARAMETERS ARE SOLAR RADIATION, OUTSIDE AIR
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY. THE INDOOR PARAMETERS ARE ILLUMINANCE AND DAYLIGHTING, EXTERIOR VIEW
AND INTERIOR TEMPERATURE COMFORT. ALSO IN THEORY, WITHIN THE FACADE MODULE WOULD ALSO ALLOW
THE INDIVIDUAL USER TO ADJUST THE FACADE BASED ON HIS/HER NEEDS
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
EXTERIOR INFLUENCES VS. INTERIOR INFLUENCES
SHADING FACTOR(OFFICE : 300 lx
WORKING AREA : 500 lx)
SOLAR RADIATION
ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,
ROOM TEMPERATURE,
VIEW TO OUTSIDE
TOTAL SOLAR ENERGY(SUM OF DIRECT SOLAR ENERGY
TRANSMITTANCE AND INTERNAL
HEAT TRANSFER)
SOLAR RADIATION
ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,
ROOM TEMPERATURE,
VIEW TO OUTSIDE
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE(THE RATE OF TRANSFER OF HEAT)
OUTSIDE AIR TEMP.
ROOM TEMP., TEMP OF
AIR SUPPLY, SURFACE
TEMP.
DAYLIGHT FACTOR(RATIO OF ILLUMINANCE CREATED
BY DIRECT OR INDIRECT SUNLIGHT)
SOLAR RADIATION
ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,
ROOM TEMPERATURE,
VIEW TO OUTSIDE
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
CLIMATE ZONES
MIAMI TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL67.2 82.8 75.975.2 98.0 82.859.2 76.7 69.00.0 16.0 61.00.5 0.0 0.0
MIAMI HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL88.0 0.0 200156.0 552.0 4196
OTHER CONDITIOSNS CLEAR DAYS
CLOUDY DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL9.0 2.0 74.0
9.0 11.0 115.0
MIAMI, FLORIDA
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
CLIMATE ZONES
CHICAGO TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL21.0 71.7 49.029.0 81.8 58.612.9 61.6 39.50.0 4.0 17.029.0 0.0 131.0
CHICAGO HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL1364.0 19.0 65360.0 226.0 752
OTHER CONDITIOSNS CLEAR DAYS
CLOUDY DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL7.0 9.0 84.0
18.0 11.0 176.0
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
CLIMATE ZONES
ALBUQUERQUE TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL34.2 75.9 56.246.8 89.0 70.121.7 62.6 42.20.0 16.0 63.029.0 0.0 115.0
ALBUQUERQUE HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL955.0 0.0 44250.0 338.0 1244
OTHER CONDITIOSNS CLEAR DAYS
CLOUDY DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL13.0 8.1 8.9
10.0 5.0 87.0
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
CLIMATE ZONES
SEATTLE TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL41.3 65.7 52.846.1 74.1 59.836.4 57.2 45.80.0 0.5 1.07.0 0.0 19.0
SEATTLE HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL735.0 58.0 46110.0 80.0 1674
OTHER CONDITIOSNS CLEAR DAYS
CLOUDY DAYS
JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL3.0 10.0 71.0
23.0 56.0 201.0
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-OPEN
PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-CLOSING
PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-CLOSED
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
?1 2 3
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
LIGHT-WEIGHT STRUCTURE
AUTOMATED PISTON
ADAPTIVE MODULE
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
INTERIOR AND SIDE VIEW WHEN CONTRACTING
VIEW FROM INTERIOR
WHEN EXPANDED
SIDE VIEW
& SCALE
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS
POSSIBLE INTERIOR VIEW
THE ADAPTIVE FACADE HAS THE CAPABILITY TO BE MODULATED DIFFERENTLY BASED ON THE NEEDS OF THE USER INSIDE.
IN ORDER FOR THE MODULE TO BE LESS EXPENSIVE AND LIGHTER IN WEIGHT IT IS BASED ROUGHLY ON A 1X1 SQUARE, MAKING IT EASY TO REPLACE OR REMOVE AND MAKING IT CLOSER TO A HUMANISTIC SCALE AND LESS OSTENTATIOUS.
PRECEDENTS
FLARESTAAB ARCHITECTS
HYPOSURFACE
PRECEDENTS
Bottom Static Layer (with Frame)
Upper Circle Unit - Moving Layer 1
Upper Circle Unit - Moving Layer 2
Upper Circle Unit - Moving Layer 3
Upper Circle Unit - Moving Layer 4
Top Static Layer
Barrel Nut Inserted from Back
MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 1Circle Link 1 (Chamfer Down)0.06" Axle Spacer
MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 2MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 1Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus BearingCircle Link 2 (Countersink Up)0.06" Axle Spacer
8-32 Button Head Screw L3/8" into Barrel Nut
MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 2
MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 2
MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 3
Circle Link 2 (Countersink Up)
Circle Link 2 (Countersink Up)
Circle Link 3 (Countersink Up)
MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 2
MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 3
MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 4
Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing
Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing
Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing
0.03" Axle Spacer
0.06" Axle Spacer8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 2 to Circle Link 2)
8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link Top2 to Circle Link Top 2)
8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 3 to Circle Link 2)
8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 2 to Circle Link 1)
Project Stony Brook Adaptive WallArchitectDrawing No. Upper Circle Unit Disc AssemblyRevision 00Date December 16, 2010
Checked byDrawn by JH11
Status
Notes
Hoberman Associates, Inc.40 Worth StreetSuite 1680New York, NY 10013USA
p (+1) 212.349.7919f (+1) 212.349.7935www.hoberman.com
Sheet 1 of 1
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FINAL
PRECEDENTSHOBERMAN AND ASSOC.
TESSELLATE - INTELLIGENT SURFACES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
Knaack, Ulrich; Klein, Tillmann; Bilow, Marcel; Auer, Thomas. Facades: Principles of Construction. Basel, Boston, Berlin: Brikhaeuser, 2007.
Herzog, Thomas. Facade Construction Manual. Munich: Edition Detail (Brikhaeuser), 2008.
Hausladen, Gerhard. de Saldahna, Michael; Liedel, Petra; Sager, Christina. ClimateDesign: Solutions for Buidling that Can Do More with Less Technology.
INTERNET:
SOM + SCI-Arc on CF:Responsive Kinetic Facade. 15 April 2009. Southern California Institute of Architecture. http://www.core.form-ula.com/2009/04/15/som-sci-arc-on-cfresponsive-kinetic-facade
Faades: expressive, responsive, interactive. 22 January 2008. City of Sound. http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2008/01/faades-expressi.html
Adaptive Building Iniative. Introducing Tessellate.www.adaptivebuildings.com
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