Advanced Accelerator R&D: Flat Beam Transform & Emittance Exchange
Kwang-Je Kim ANL & U of C
June 27, 2008
ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting at Fermilab
2ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Emittance Exchange and Flat Beam Transform Emittance Exchange (EEX): Complete exchange between x- and z-phase spaces: (x,z) (z,x)
Flat Beam Transform (FBT): Transform a round photo-cathode beam to a flat beam with a desired emittance ratio in (x,y) phase space
Applications often require a combination of these manipulations
3ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Flat Beam Transform Produce angular-momentum dominated beam and remove correlation
– R. Brinkmann, Y. Derbenev, and K. Floettmann (1999, 2001)
Experimentally demonstrated at A0– D. Edwards, et. al., emittance ratio of 40 at Fermilab A0 (Linac2000,
PAC2001)
– Yin-e Sun, U of C thesis (2005)
– Ph. Piot, Y.-e. Sun, and KJK, emittance ratio>100 (PRSTAB 9, 031001, 2006)
4ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Emittance Exchange Scheme First dogleg provides dispersion at deflecting cavity. The cavity reduces the momentum spread of the beam and gives
a shear deflection to the beam. The second dogleg finishes the exchange. The scheme improves on the previous approximate scheme by
Cornacchia and Emma in which the second dog-leg is reversed.
final e- bunch
Initial e- bunch
x < z
D1
x > z
D2 D3
D4
3.9 GHz TM110
Diagram by Tim Koeth.
5ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Improve HG X-Ray FEL Performance(P. Emma, Z. Huang, P. Piot, KJK)
Electron bunch emittance of current X-ray FEL projects is (xymwith Q=1 nC
This is about 10 times larger than ideal (to match the x-ray beam phase space)
Due to small energy spread, can make zm
FBT: (xy, zmExchange x & z (xy, zm
Q=30 pC, z=10 fs
• Higher gain
• Lower K
• Lower E-energy
6ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
To Obviate Electron Damping Ring from ILC Emittances of ILC electron bunches are
(xyzm
These bunches are produced by a 5 GeV, 6 km damping ring Theemittance Txy)1/2 is too small for photocathode
A possibility: (1, 1, 8)(50,0.02, 8)(8, 0.02,50) (Ph. Piot)
7ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
EEX Demonstration Experiment FNAL/A0
– Initiated by Helen Edwards, December, 2006, and T. Koeth engaged
– (x, y, z): ()(120, 6, 6)m, Q=1 nC
– Use CKM cavity design and existing RF power– Exciting dataTim will be able to graduate!
ANL/AWA-NIU-TsingHua U– Argone Acclerator Institute activity, funded by LDRD
– (x, y, z): ()(3,3,10)m , Q=0.1 nC
– NIU (Marwan Rihauoi, GS) and Tsinghua U (defl. cavity)– To be finished by 2010-2011
ANL-FNAL collaboration– Bi-(Tri-) weekly meetings and common web page– Especially productive in exchanging ideas on diagnostics
8ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
A0 People Helen Edwards – The Boss
– Don Edwards Ray Fliller (The Manager) Yin-e Sun (Recently from ANL) Jinhao Ruan – Laser, All things optical Jamie Santucci – Operations Tim Koeth – Rutgers Ph.D. Student Artur Paytan – Yerevan U. Ph.D. Student Mike Davidsaver – UIUC staff, controls Grigory Kazakevich – Guest Scientist, OTRI Manfred Wendt – Instrumentation, BPMs Randy Thurman-Keup – Instrumentation, Interferometer Vic Scarpine – Instrumentation, OTR and cameras Alex Lumpkin – Instrumentation, Radiation Diagnostics (On leave from ANL) Ron Rechenmacher – CD, controls Lucciano Piccoli – CD, controls Gustavo Cancelo – CD, Low Level RF Wade Muranyi – Mechanical Support, Lead Tech. Many Others from AD/RF, AD/MS
9ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Use a 3.9GHz, 5 cell copper cavity based on the CKM SRF deflecting cavity cooled with liquid N2.
An 80 kW klystron is available.
A0 Photoinjector Layout with EEX beamline
EEX at FNAL-A0
DipolesVertical Spectrometer
3.9 GHz TM110 (deflecting mode) Cavity
10ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
First Deflected Beam by a CKM type Cavity
Operating phase for exchange
11ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Recent Measurements at A0( Tim Koeth)
TM110 cavity strength, ko
Vary cavity strength
record vertical BPM reading
Intro p from 9-Cell
OFF73%90%100%105%
Verti
cal B
eam
Pos
ition
aft
er
Verti
cal S
pect
rom
eter
(mm
)
As the cavity strength is increased, the momentum change after the exchange line is reduced
1. Change the input momentum (0.70% Increments)2. Measure the vertical offset after exchange line spectrometer3. Increase Deflecting Cavity Strength
12ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Diagnostics for A0 EEX Prior to the exchange :
– OTR screens for beam spot size measurement
– Slits for uncorrelated beam divergence measurement• Combined with above gives a transverse emittance measurement
– Horizontally bending spectrometer for energy and energy spread measurement
– Streak Camera for bunch length
After the exchange:– Same diagnostics for measuring transverse emittance
– Vertically bending spectrometer for momentum spread• Allows us to decouple the momentum spread measurement from any
residual horizontal dispersion from the doglegs
– Martin-Puplett interferometer for bunch length measurement• Also the streak camera (> 1 ps)
13ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Recent Measurements at A0 ( cont’d)A preliminary measurements of several of EEX matrix elements:
Onto an attempt to directly measure the exchange:
x [mm.mrad] z [mm.mrad]
INPUT 6 120
OUT (TM110 OFF) -- 188
OUT (TM110 ON) -- 50.5
Output energy spread measurement
Bunch length measurement with a streak camera.(A. Lumpkin)
TM110 Cavity OFF
TM110 Cavity ON
Resulting emittances values:
Close to CSR increased emittace (R. Fliller)
14ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
ANL-NIU-TsingHua Collaboration For EEX
AWA– Wei Gai (Leader)– Sergey Antipov – Manoel Conde– Felipe Franchini (Tech)– Feng Gao (Student)– Chunguang Jing ( Euclid supported)– Richard Konecny (Super Tech)– Wanming Liu– John Power– Zikri Yusof
APS– Kathy Harkay, (Yin-e Sun), (Alex Lumpkin)
NIU– Philippe Piot– Marwan Rihaoui (GS)
TsingHua– Cavity fabrication
15ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Emittance Exchange (EEX) at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator
Gun Linac
ICT1 GVGV
TQ1,TQ2,TQ3YAG1 YAG2 Emittance
Exchanger
x=10 my=3 mz= 3 m x= 3 m
y=3 mz= 10 m
TM110
Photoinjector
AWA photoinjector:Q=100pC; K= 12 MeV;Laser: x=y=2.5 mm; z=1.15 ps;
EEX beamline:=15 deg; x = 25 cm; k=4
Overall Goal: exchange small z for
largex with small Q
bunchesN.B. Exchanged many idea with Fermilab Emittance Exchange Group
16ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Diagnostics for AWA EEX ANL diagnostics will be more challenging than A0 due to small
longitudinal emittance, thus short bunch length Spot size
– OTR screens for beam spot size measurement (same as A0)
Beam divergence– pepper pot, (allows us to look at correlations, including x-y for flat beam)
Energy and energy spread before and after EEX: – Spectrometer (same as A0)
Bunch length– zero-crossing method with linac, deflecting cavity (short bunch)
– Exploring EOS ( help from Jinhao Ruan)
In addition:– Time-of-flight monitor: stripline-based phase detection
– Longitudinal phase space: linac phase scan or deflecting cavity + spectrometer
17ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
Cavity fabricated atTsinghua U in Beijing
•Trajectory offset in a deflector cavity•D. Edwards (theory), J. Power (simulation)
•Developed a theory to eliminate by adjust cavity parameters
Deflector Cavity
Deflector cavity arrives from Tsinghua U (soon)
Installation to AWA beamline (Fall, 2008)
Improved Longitudinal Emit Measurement with deflector cavity + Spectrometer
18ANL-UChicago-FNAL Collaboration Meeting, June 27, 2008
NORTH
CONTROL ROOM LASER ROOM
SCALE 1:120
AWA AREA LAYOUT (present to 2010)
WITNESS GUNTEST STAND BEAMLINE
PHOTOCATHODE GUN
PREACCELERATOR(UPGRADED)
TEST SECTON
SPECTROMETER SPECTROMETER
LINAC
GUN
NIU LAB
BEING REMOVED
EEX BEAMLINE
NEW WITNESS BEAM
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