Adenovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus
Adenovirus
From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Fig. 53-1.
Adenovirus Structure
E1
E2 E4
E3Late genes
Adenovirus Genome
36 kb linear ds DNA
Early genes for host and viral transcription control, viral DNA replication
Late genes for virion structure
(From Fields Virology, 4th ed, Knipe & Howley, eds, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, Fig. 67-5.)
Adenovirus replication cycle
From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Table 53-1.
Adenovirus diseases
From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005,, Fig. 50-4.
Adenovirus pathogenesis
Summary: adenovirus
• Structure– Medium sized (36 kb) dsDNA genome, naked capsid
• Pathogenesis– respiratory or fecal oral transmission– replication in nucleus; moderately host dependent– local spread; viremia– cellular and humoral immunity important; virus encodes
countermeasures against MHC I expression and apoptosis– direct cell damage from replication; respiratory illness,
conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, cystitis• Diagnosis
– culture, viral antigen detection• Treatment/prevention
– live military vaccine
Parvovirus
Parvovirus structure
From Medical Microbiology, 4th ed., Murray, Rosenthal, Kobayashi & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2002, Fig. 53-1.
Parvovirus Genome
Rep Cap
5 kb ssDNA, inverted terminal repeats (ITR)
Rep gene required for DNA replication
Cap gene encodes capsid proteins
ITR ITR
Autonomous parvovirus replication
Postulated replication of parvovirus (B19) based on information from related viruses (minute virus of mice). The internalized parvovirus delivers its genome to the nucleus, where the single-stranded (plus or minus) DNA is converted to double-stranded DNA by host factors and DNA polymerases present only in growing cells. Transcription, replication, and assembly occur in the nucleus. Virus is released by cell lysis.(From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal, Kobayashi & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2002, Fig. 56-2.)
Helper dependent parvovirus (AAV) replication
AAV DNA integrates into
chromosome 19
Infection without adenovirus
Infection with adenovirus
Superinfect with
adenovirus
Lytic replication
A "slapped-cheek" appearance is typical of the rash for erythema infectiosum.(From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Fig. 56-5.)
Parvovirus pathogenesis
From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Fig. 56-3.
Parvovirus pathogenesis
Parvovirus
• Structure– Small (5 kb) linear ssDNA genome, naked capsid
• Pathogenesis– respiratory transmission– replication in nucleus, very host dependent, needs S phase
cells or helper virus– viremia– antibody important in immunity– targets erythroid lineage cells; fifth disease (symptoms
immunological); transient aplastic crisis; hydrops fetalis• Diagnosis
– serology, viral nucleic acid• Treatment/prevention
– none
Polyomavirus
Polyomavirus genome
Genome of the SV40 virus. The genome is a prototype of other polyomaviruses and contains early, late, and noncoding regions. The noncoding region contains the start sequence for the early and late genes and for DNA replication (ori). The individual early and late messenger RNAs are processed from the larger nested transcripts.(From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Fig. 52-7.)
Replication cycle of polyomaviruses. Steps in the replication cycle are indicated by numbers as follows: 1, adsorption of virions to the cell surface; 2, entry by endocytosis; 3, transport to the cell nucleus (route and mechanism not yet known); 4, uncoating; 5, transcription to produce early region mRNAs; 6, translation to produce early proteins (T antigens); 7, viral DNA replication; 8, transcription to produce late region mRNAs; 9, translation to produce late proteins (capsid proteins); 10, assembly of progeny virions in the nucleus; 11, entry of virions into cytoplasmic vesicles (mechanism unknown); 12, release of virions from the cell by fusion of membrane vesicles with the plasma membrane; 13, released virion. (From Fields Virology, 4th ed, Knipe & Howley, eds, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, Fig. 63-4.)
Polyomavirus replication
From Medical Microbiology, 5th ed., Murray, Rosenthal & Pfaller, Mosby Inc., 2005, Fig.52-8.
Polyomavirus pathogenesis
Polyomavirus
• Structure– Small (5 kb) circular dsDNA genome, naked capsid
• Pathogenesis– respiratory transmission– replication in nucleus; very host dependent– viremia– persistence in kidneys; reactivation with immune compromise– inapparent infection; hemorrhagic cystitis; PML
• Diagnosis– viral nucleic acid
• Treatment/prevention– cidofovir ?
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