ACRYLONITRILEACRYLONITRILE
A Briefing on the A Briefing on the Compound and Issues Compound and Issues
Surrounding ItSurrounding It
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?
• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?
• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources
• Next StepsNext Steps
ACRYLONITRILE CHEMICAL FORMULA
What is ACN? What is ACN?
What is ACN?What is ACN?
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS• Man-made synthetic chemical: no Man-made synthetic chemical: no
natural sourcesnatural sources• In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously
and violently in the presence of sunlightand violently in the presence of sunlight• Half-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient airHalf-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient air• Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and
oxygenoxygen
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?
• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?
• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources
• Next StepsNext Steps
Why is ACN Important? Why is ACN Important?
RISK FROM ACRYLONITRILERISK FROM ACRYLONITRILE
• 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 ppb, a risk of 300 in a millionppb, a risk of 300 in a million
• 2004 South Coast annual average was 2004 South Coast annual average was 0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million
• Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – 650 in a million650 in a million
• Risk from benzene and butadiene Risk from benzene and butadiene together is 83 in a milliontogether is 83 in a million
Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?Heath Risks Associated with Acrylonitrile, Benzene, 1,3-Butadiene, and Formaldehyde
(Based on Data Collected from 7/2003 to 12/2005)
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Acrylonitrile 1,3-Butadiene Benzene Formaldehyde AN risk at LOD
AN risk at LOD (0.3 ppb)
Why is ACN Important? Why is ACN Important? 2004 South Coast Average Risk
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Diesel Acrylo Butadiene Benzene Perc
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Series1
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?
• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?
• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources
• Next StepsNext Steps
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data:Data:
MonitoringMonitoringBACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
• Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066
• Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs 1-in-12 Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs 1-in-12 days in regular TAC network using regular samplers days in regular TAC network using regular samplers in place (not cleaned)in place (not cleaned)
• Analyzed by preconcentration GC/MSAnalyzed by preconcentration GC/MS
• NIST calibration standard usedNIST calibration standard used
• Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. RasmussenRasmussen
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: MonitoringData: Monitoring
DATA ANALYSISDATA ANALYSIS• Maximum concentrations found in the Maximum concentrations found in the
summersummer
• Maximum concentrations found during the Maximum concentrations found during the periods of highest temperatureperiods of highest temperature
• No correlation with auto exhaust pollutantsNo correlation with auto exhaust pollutants
• Concentrations in 12 other states found to Concentrations in 12 other states found to be greater than in Californiabe greater than in California
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
MonitoringMonitoring
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
MonitoringMonitoringSAMPLING ISSUESSAMPLING ISSUES
• Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD at LA N Main in Fall of 2006at LA N Main in Fall of 2006
• Samples collected by ARB contained Samples collected by ARB contained detectable concentrations of acrylonitriledetectable concentrations of acrylonitrile
• Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained no detectable acrylonitrileno detectable acrylonitrile
• Possibilities: ARB sampler creating Possibilities: ARB sampler creating acrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying itacrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying it
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
MonitoringMonitoringARE THE DATA REAL?ARE THE DATA REAL?
• Nist standard used, lab cross-checks Nist standard used, lab cross-checks confirm can concentrations, stable in cansconfirm can concentrations, stable in cans
• Numerous sources identifiedNumerous sources identified
• Sampler checks show no generationSampler checks show no generation
• TTP audits show losses in SCAQMD samplersTTP audits show losses in SCAQMD samplers
• Past experience with canisters show losses Past experience with canisters show losses unless active sites are passivatedunless active sites are passivated
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
MonitoringMonitoringRESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCERESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE
• Investigations narrowed the differences to Investigations narrowed the differences to the samplers used by SCAQMD and ARBthe samplers used by SCAQMD and ARB
• Samplers are identical, except that the ARB Samplers are identical, except that the ARB samplers have been the field for over 15 samplers have been the field for over 15 years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are cleaned prior to each usecleaned prior to each use
• TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD samplers samplers
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?
• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?
• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources
• Next StepsNext Steps
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
SourcesSources• Emission inventory contains little Emission inventory contains little
information on emissionsinformation on emissions
• No acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CANo acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CA
• Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of polymers, paints, adhesives, and fiberspolymers, paints, adhesives, and fibers
• Auto partsAuto parts
• Polymer extruding operations?Polymer extruding operations?
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
SourcesSourcesGRAB SAMPLINGGRAB SAMPLING
• Grab samples taken in three Grab samples taken in three Sacramento homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppbSacramento homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppb
• Grab sample taken in cab of truck on Grab sample taken in cab of truck on car lot: 6 ppbcar lot: 6 ppb
• Grab sample taken in private garage: Grab sample taken in private garage: 11 ppb11 ppb
• It really is thereIt really is there
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:
SourcesSources
• ABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gmABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gm
• ABS Pipe 11 ug/gmABS Pipe 11 ug/gm
• ABS Plate 5 ug/gmABS Plate 5 ug/gm
• Acrylic glue 47 ug/gmAcrylic glue 47 ug/gm
• Latex Paint 0.4 ug/gmLatex Paint 0.4 ug/gm
• Enamel Paint 1.2 ug/gmEnamel Paint 1.2 ug/gm
• N Gloves 1.5 N Gloves 1.5 ug/gmug/gm
• Carpet 0.3 Carpet 0.3 ug/gmug/gm
• Sheet Vinyl 0.3 Sheet Vinyl 0.3 ug/gmug/gm
• Ceramic Glue 0.2 Ceramic Glue 0.2 ug/gmug/gm
• Fingernail Polish 12 Fingernail Polish 12 ug/gmug/gm
FLUX CHAMBER FLUX CHAMBER EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: SourcesData: Sources
OTHER PUBLISHED WORKOTHER PUBLISHED WORK
Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Evolved During Organic Compounds Evolved During Thermal Processing of ABS Thermal Processing of ABS Composite ResinsComposite Resins. Cantos, et. al., . Cantos, et. al., JAWMA, 45, 686-694.JAWMA, 45, 686-694.Acrylonitrile SourceAcrylonitrile Source Concentration Concentration
ug/gmug/gm
Auto PartsAuto Parts 5.745.74
PipePipe 9.759.75
RefrigerationRefrigeration 10.410.4
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?
• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?
• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources
• Next StepsNext Steps
NEXT STEPSNEXT STEPS
• New samplers are to be challenged with New samplers are to be challenged with acrylonitrile to determine the extent of acrylonitrile to determine the extent of passivation requiredpassivation required
• The acrylonitrile working group should The acrylonitrile working group should be re-activated and efforts to determine be re-activated and efforts to determine sources of acrylonitrile be continuedsources of acrylonitrile be continued
• Other groups nationally (NATTS) should Other groups nationally (NATTS) should be advisedbe advised
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