• Increase your knowledge of what to do in a disaster.
• Increase your knowledge of what you can do to reduce your risk in a disaster.
• Increase your knowledge of what to do
after a disaster.
GOALSGOALS
Definition:
• Physical, economic or social loss.
• Daily life is hindered or stops completely.
• People are affected.
Types:
• Natural, physical or human initiated.
System meltdown!
DISASTER EXPERIENCESDISASTER EXPERIENCES
EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL PHENOMENAPHENOMENA
MAGNITUDE TYPE PER YEAR EFFECT
0-2.9 SMALL 3,165,000 Recordable but cannot be felt
3.0-3.9 VERY MILD 49,000 Few people feel them
4.0-4.9 MILD 6,200 More people feel them
5.0-5.9 MODERATE 800 Potentially damaging
6.0-6.9 STRONG 120 Damaging
7.0-7.9 MAJOR 18 Potentially destructive
8.0-8.9 GREAT EVERY 10-20 YEARS
Potentially devastating
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT HAPPEN ALL OVER THE WORLD
Earthquakes only happen at
night.
Lie down by a refrigerator.
Head for a doorway
They know when the the eatrthquake is -
they just aren’t telling.
No. In fact, earthquakes happen at all times of the day and night and in all season. So we need to be protected in all places we live work and spend our time, and at all times of the year.
HERESAY FACTS
No. ‘They’ really don’t know. Earthquake science is new. The best “predictions” that we have is that there is a 70% likehood of a major earthquake along the Northern Anatolian fault line, in the Marmara Sea within the next 30 years.
No. Old news. This was came from one old picture of a California adobe house where the only thing left was the doorways. Doorways with strong wooden or steel beams that are part of load bearing walls may be safe. Doorways in cosmetic walls and unreinforced concrete buildings may not be safe.
No. This came from examples of buildings being pulled down and the strong white appliances had small empty spaces by them where people might have survived.
EARTHQUAKE MYTHSEARTHQUAKE MYTHS
TECTONIC PLATE THEORYTECTONIC PLATE THEORY
• The earth’s crust is made up of tectonic plates that move very slowly and rub against one another.
• As the earth moves friction prevents movement, but eventually enough energy is build up that it overcomes the friction and the energy is released in waves along the faultline.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD vs RISKEARTHQUAKE HAZARD vs RISK
Being prepared reduces our risk.
Earthquake hazard: Natural. We have no control over these.
Earthquake risk: Our particular risk is not simply a matter of which seismic region you live in. It depends on two factors
a. The value exposed to the threatb. The measures we take to
mitigate the risks or to reduce our vulnerabilities
The good news is whilst we can
do nothing about the
hazards, there is a lot we can do about the
risks. Earthquake risks can be mitigated by
human action.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDSEARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
1. Strength of shaking
2. Duration of shaking
3. Distance from the epicenter
4. Type of soil
5. Depth of earthquake origin
EARTHQUAKE RISK FACTORSEARTHQUAKE RISK FACTORS
1. Building design, materials, constructions and use
2. Lifeline vulnerability: transportation, electric, water and gas lines
3. Non-structural hazard mitigation
4. Fire prevention and firefighting capability
5. First responder capacity
INTENSITY vs MAGNITUDEINTENSITY vs MAGNITUDE
Intensity varies with distance from the epicentre
Not necessarily in concentric circles due to soil types.
Early warning systemsdepend on the different speeds of radio versus seismic waves. In the Marmara region because of proximity of the fault there might be just enough time to create systems that automatically shut off gas, nuclear power, electric trains, and overpass and bridge entrances.
Rapid response systemshold promise for getting help where it is needed quickly by predicting where the worst damage will be within a few minutes after on event based on over 120 strong motion measurement instuments around Istanbul, These can be used to organise fire fighting, first aid, search and rescue and relief.
EARLY WARNING AND RAPID EARLY WARNING AND RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEMSRESPONSE SYSTEMS
DISASTER PREPARENESS IS DISASTER PREPARENESS IS MADE UP OF SMALL STEPSMADE UP OF SMALL STEPS
Store water Arrange for an out of area contact
person
Keep a flashlight, work gloves and shoes by your
bed
Have a family meeting to
discuss plans
Move your bed away from the window.
Secure wardrobe, pictures etc. to walls
BUILDING DAMAGEBUILDING DAMAGE
Structural hazards are the hazards from
building designs .
• Of these buildings:%70 mild and moderate damage, %25 serious damage. %3-5 destroyed.
• In the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake 52,000 buildings were damaged in the Bolu, Kocaeli, Sakarya, İstanbul, Yalova,and Eskişehir provinces.
HAZARD HUNTHAZARD HUNT
Furniture.
Electrical and electronic equipment
White goods
Heating and airconditioning units.
Fixtures and fittings - hanging.
Ornaments.
YOUR HAZARD PLANYOUR HAZARD PLAN
IDENTIFY A LIST OF THINGS TO DO:
Move life threatening things e.g. move your wardrobe away from your bed
Prevent economic loss e.g. move or secure your TV
Ensure safety of valuables e.g move or secure family heirlooms
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD PLAN
MAKE A PLAN
Things to be done completion date
Fix wardrobe to wall
Kitchen cabinets
Üst mutfak dolabında çelik tencereler var ve kapakları sarsıntıda açılabilir
Banyoda şofben duvara sağlam sabitlenmemiş
Televizyon sabit değil
Salondaki yüksek vitrin sabit değil
Koridordaki ayna çiviyle tutturulmamış
Dış kapının karşısındaki portmanto sabitlenmemiş
01.11.2005
05.11.2005
15.10.2005
01.10.2005
13.10.2005
01.11.2005
-
-
MOVE THINGS!MOVE THINGS!
Move things that can fall or block exits.
Move heavy things from top to bottom shelves.
WHAT NEEDS SECURINGWHAT NEEDS SECURING
• Heavy furniture - secure it if it is taller than it is wide
• White goods, electrical goods
• Hanging objects and all things above your head.
• Crockery and cupboard items.
• Flamable liquids - limit, isolate and secure.
• Books .
WHAT CAN HAPPEN IN AN WHAT CAN HAPPEN IN AN EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE
Heavy objects can move in many directions.
• Tip.
• Slide.
• Block exits.
SECURING ELECTRONIC AND SECURING ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USING VELCROELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USING VELCRO
SECURE GAS APPLIANCESSECURE GAS APPLIANCES
•Secure your stove, water heater, furnace, clothes drier etc. The appliance should be fixed at the top and bottom to prevent tipping,
rolling and sliding.
KEEP YOUR EXIT ROUTES KEEP YOUR EXIT ROUTES CLEARCLEAR
• Ensure that exits cannot be blocked by furniture
• Make sure exit doors open outwards
• Have alternative routes
• Make sure exits are clearly labeled
• Keep a crow bar/ heavy iron pry bar inside the building particularly if there are iron bars on your window.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
• Have a family meeting(home, work, school)
• Include everyone.
• Review every 6 months.
• Determine a safe place.
• Identify unsafe places.
• Practice DROP COVER AND HOLD
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DETERMINE MEETING POINTS
• Identify a meeting point inside your home, outside your home and outside your neighbourhood.
• Children should remain in school until they can be collected
• Arrange a point to leave messages
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DO NOT USE THE TELEPHONE UNLESS YOU HAVE A PHYSICAL EMERGENCY
• Local area networks will become overloaded. Phones will get knocked off the hook. Replace them.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DETERMINE AN OUT OF AREA CONTACT PERSON
• Choose a person out of area to be your out of area contact person.
• Give them a list of the people that will want to know about your safety.
• Give your friends and relatives your out of area contact persons number.
• Therefore you will only have to make one call.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
PREPARE COPIES OF IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
• Prepare copies of your important documents
• These include your passport, your ikamet, professional certificates, bank books, deeds for property, prescriptions for medication etc.
• Keep a copy in work and send a copy to your out of area contact (scan and email to self).
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DO NOT LIGHT ANY FLAME AFTER
AN EARTHQUAKE
• There is a danger of gas leaks.
• No smoking.
LEARN TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER• Every house should have a fire extinguisher and they should be serviced every year.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
LEARN TO TURN OFF YOUR UTILITIES!
Find out how to turn off your• Gas• Electricity• Water
Unplug appliances to avoid them getting damaged when the electricity is reconnected
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
STORE WATER AND FOOD
• At least 4 litres a day per person. At least 3 days store
• Fill bathtubs and sinks immediately after an earthquake.
• Store high calorie food
• Renew supplies every 6 months.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
FIRST AID KIT
Your first aid kit should include every day needs, repeat prescriptions etc.
Plan to use these items for every day needs as well so that they keep fresh.
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
PREPARE A PERSONAL EARTHQUAKE KIT
Check and refresh every 6 months!
FAMILY HAZARD PLANFAMILY HAZARD PLAN
• Find a safe place and DROP
• COVER your head and neck
• HOLD onto something secure
• Stay where you are until the shaking stops.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKEDURING AN EARTHQUAKE
BREATH DEEPLY AND
KEEP CALM!
DROP, COVER, HOLD!DROP, COVER, HOLD!
• They should be easily accessible
• Everyone should know where they are.
• They should be tightly secured to the wall.
• They need to be checked every year.
• They should be refilled once used.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERSFIRE EXTINGUISHERS
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKEDURING AN EARTHQUAKE
• Do not run to the stairs or the
exit doors.
• Do not go out on the balcony.
• Do not jump from balconies
or windows.
• Do not use the elevator.
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKEAFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
• Do not panic, scream or run..
• Do not use a phone except to report a physical emergency..
• Do not light a match, lighter, candle or fire..
• There will always be aftershocks. They There will always be aftershocks. They will get less each time. Aftershocks can will get less each time. Aftershocks can cause further damage. cause further damage.
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKEAFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Stay calm. Do not panicStay calm. Do not panic..
INSIDE
• Check for injuries: can you help others?
• Do you smell gas?Open doors and windows exit immediately
• Check phone is not off the hook
• Check for hazardous spills
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKEAFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
OUTSIDE
• Stay away from live wires. • Stay away from unsafe buildings.
• Help those who need it.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE
After a severe earthquake, children in the affected area should not be sent
anywhere on service buses until it
has been determined that both
the route and the destination is safe.
SCHOOL EVACUATION
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORTPSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
To help the best things that you can do;
– Recognise your own feelings– Talk to others about your feelings– Accept help from others in the spirit in whch it is
offered.– Get enough rest– Get physical activity– Give someone a hug, physical touching helps– Learn to really listen and show that you are listening– Accept the feelings of other without trying to change
them– Spend extra time with your child– Be tolerant of others
NEXT STEPSNEXT STEPS
THE FIRST 72 HOURS
During the first 72 hours after a disaster, most help comes from those immediately around us. There is no government anywhere in the world that has the resources to meet all the needs after a disaster. In order to be ready there are many skills that we can learn.
First AidLight Search and RescueFire SuppressionResponse organisation
There are many ways that we can help, even without extra skills:
– Find supplies and transportation– Collect and prepare food and water– Set up shelters and temporary toilets,– Supervise elderly and children– Secure the perimeter of unsafe areas– Offer psychological support to those in need
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