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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
Management
95-702 OCTWeek 10
Securing Web Services• XML Digital Signature• XML Encryption• Web Service Security
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML Web Services
Hot topicFoundation of Service Oriented ArchitecturesInteroperableRemote Method InvocationMessagingSupported by all the big playersNotes adpated from the required reading “Web Services Security”, Bilal Siddiqui
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Existing XML Web Services
GoogleEBayAmazonXIgnite (financial computations)Hundreds of othersSee www.xmethods.comBut remember, many are not public.An SOA would have many in house webservices.
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML Web Services & Cryptography
Bob and Alice want to exchange SOAP messages.
Eve and Mallory need to be taken
seriously.
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What’s going on?
Web Services Security (WSS) specification from OASIS
Message confidentiality
Message authentication
End-to-end (not just point-to-point like SSL)
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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The WS Cryptography Stack
XML Web Services SecuritySAML (Security Assertion ML),XKMS (XML Key Management Specification),
XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language)
XMLDSIG (W3C)XMLENC (W3C)
.NET Crypto API’s Java Security API’s
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The Need For Web Services
Application integration within the enterpriseApplication integration across enterprise boundaries customers partners suppliersService Oriented Architecture is often built ona web service foundation
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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A Tourism Supply Chain
Tourists Tour Operator
Car Rental
HotelHotel
Car Rental
Hotel
RoomRentInfoForAll()
RoomRentInfoForPartnersOnly()
Without XML/WSS - message formats must be agreed to - coarse-grained protection provided by firewalls
With XML/WSS - SOAP is used for RPC or messaging - WSS provides fine grained security decisions
Anyone may call
Restricted callers
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Service Oriented Architecture
Hotel
RoomRentInfoForAll()
RoomRentInfoForPartnersOnly()
SOAP Server
SOAP (XML RPC) over HTTP
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Listing 1 SOAP RequestPOST /Vendors HTTP/1.1Host: www.myHotel.comContent-Type: text/xml;Charset=utf-8Content-Length: 350SOAPACtion:""
<?xml version='1.0'?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/' > <SOAP-Env:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s='http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/' > <!--Parameters passed with the method call--> </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-Env:Body> </SOAP-Env:Envelope>
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Listing 2 SOAP Response
HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 1474
<?xml version="1.0"><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/' > <SOAP-ENV:Body> <m:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartnersResponse xmlns:m="http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/" > <!-- Booking confirmation details--> </m:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartnersResponse> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
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1st Generation Web Services
SOAP Client SOAPServer
Hotel Class
RDBMS
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2ND Generation Web Services
SOAPServer
Hotel Class
RDBMS
SOAP Client SOAPServer
Tour Planning
Class
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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3RD Generation Web Services
SOAPServer
Hotel Class
RDBMS
SOAP Client SOAPServer
Tour Planning
Class
SOAPServer
Plane Class
RDBMS
SOAPServer
Tour Planning
Class
WS-Transaction
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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WS Security
SOAP Client SOAP
ServerHotel Class
RDBMS
SOAP Server (SOAP Aware Firewall)• inspect SOAP message• match user roles with access lists• XML Signature (not SOAP specific)• XML Encryption (not SOAP specific)• WSS (SOAP specific use of XMLEnc and XMLDsig)• Security Access Markup Language (SAML) for single sign on replacing HTTP cookies• XACML (extensible Access Control Markup Language) to express authorization and access policies
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML SignatureAn IETF/W3C Recommendation
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML Digital Signatures
Review Message Digest message + digest algorithm -> hash value transmit (message,hash value) pair useful for checking if errors occurred
Problem Mallory might replace the message, hash value
pair with her own message, hash value pair.
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML Digital Signatures
• Solution: get a symmetric key involved in the calculation of the hash.• Solution: Given a message m, compute a hash of m and encrypt the hash with an asymmetric private key.• Mallory doesn’t know the keys. So, she can’t forge the signature.• But how do we do this in XML?
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XML Signature
• XML Signatures are digital signatures used in XML transactions
• May be used to sign only a portion of an XML document. The document might have
a long history with different parts holding different signatures
• The signature may apply to XML or non-XML data
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Referencing What is Signed
• The XML Signature may hold a URI
• The signature may be a sibling of what is signed.
• The signature may be a parent of what is signed.
• The signature may be a child of what is signed
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XMLDsig General Form
The Components of an XML Signature
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The <Reference> Element
• Each signed resource is specified with
a <Reference> element
• A typical <Reference> element will contain
- a pointer to what is signed
- a digest method (for example SHA1)
- and a digest value of the signed data in
base 64 notation
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The <Reference> Element
<Reference URI = “http://.../po.xml”> <DigestMethod>….</DigestMethod> <DigestValue> calculated digest of po.xml </DigestValue> </Reference>
This is the locationof the document beingsigned.
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We may have many references
<Reference>
pointer, digest method, digest value
</Reference>
:
<Reference>
pointer, digest method, digest value
</Reference>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Place Within a SignedInfo Element
<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference>
</SignedInfo>
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Compute Digest of SignedInfo
<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on
SignedInfo element
<SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1
<Reference>
pointer, digest method, digest value
</Reference>
<Reference>
pointer, digest method, digest value
</Reference>
</SignedInfo>
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Sign the digest and place value in a SignatureValue element…
<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference></SignedInfo>
<SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element
</SignatureValue>
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Enclose in a Signature Element
<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, method, digest value </Reference></SignedInfo><SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element</SignatureValue>
<Signature>
</Signature>
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We may include KeyInfo
<SignedInfo> <Canonicalization> <SignatureMethod> <Reference>… <Reference>…</SignedInfo><SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element</SignatureValue>
<KeyInfo> <X509Data> <X509SubjectName>CN=Cristina McCarthy, O=CMU,… <X509Certificate> base 64 public key and identity signed by
a CA </X509Certificate> </X509Data></KeyInfo>
<Signature>
</Signature>
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KeyInfo Element in XMLDsig
• Optional element
• Holds key information required to validate the signature or
• Points to that key information
• May have children such as
<PGPData> <SPKIData> <X509Data>
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What Can Mallory Do?
Can she modify the CA signed certificate so that someone else appears to have signed the document?
Can she modify what is being pointed by the reference element?
Can she change the canonicalization method?
Can she change the contents of the signature method tag?
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Verification
1. Canonicalize the SignedInfo element.2. Compute the digest of the SignedInfo element using the method described within it3. Compare the above value with that value got from applying the signer’s public key to the value in the SignatureValue element4. Compute digests of referenced items (after any transformations) and compare those digests found within each reference tag
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Using IBM’s XML Security Suite
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Signing in Three Steps(1)
Prepare a Signature DOM tree
This an XML document holding the Signature element.
This may be done with an XSS4J TemplateGenerator or with an existing template document
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Signing in Three Steps(2)
2. Create an XSS4J SignatureContext instance
-- may be used to fetch resource to be signed using URLConnection -- may used to find an element being referred to within the same
document -- has a sign() method
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Signing in Three Steps(3)3. Sign with the sign method of the XSS4J SignatureContext object
Prepare a key object (holding the private key in DSS or RSA) used to sign
Prepare a KeyInfo object with an X509 certificate
Insert the KeyInfo into the Signature element
sigContext.sign(sigElement, key)
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Sign a grade book
Gradebook.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>89</Score> </Student></GradeBook>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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We need keys…
D:\..\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\SampleSign2>
keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -keystore test.keystore
-dname "CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School,
O=CMU, L=Pgh, S=PA, C=US" -alias mjm
-storepass sesame -keypass sesame
Creates test.keystore holding keys and a self-signed certificate
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Run XSS4J’s SampleSign2
D:\...\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\
SampleSign2>java SampleSign2 mjm
sesame sesame
-embxml gradebook.xml > signature.xml
Key store: test.keystore
Sign: 851ms
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Examine Signature.xml<Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <SignedInfo>
<CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"></CanonicalizationMethod>
<SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"></SignatureMethod>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<Reference URI="#Res0"> <Transforms> <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-
c14n-20010315"> </Transform> </Transforms> <DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"> </DigestMethod> <DigestValue>m6f9xhOc4iEXokD/29V9EsdY3yI= </DigestValue> </Reference>
We are signing resource 0
Transforms
Prior to hashing
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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</SignedInfo> <SignatureValue>
Gll1H/uplOwfaX3j7ST6UqQlc92Hx2nsCdN2KWz32CW0D4hH64n32v/InkGux1dYgTya6S4s55iHqZEjDpH2I359H4PAxBYYXJj4LUBNxAFxUcDy6xrEUbLnKeutT5pf1DBSmxg9Cp3PO5Rs36nVN8GVfnFl1M86WQd19/RsAnA=
</SignatureValue>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<KeyInfo> <KeyValue> <RSAKeyValue> <Modulus>
7V5eyhVaw0clED11H6PTPoKQA1VxrLAugU3QxKA0hbbUOiavFbqCdc6Z+Fe9JZFMkS
Iqdl+khwWwd+AIsRyrN4V2DWm1f+xyYQf6bdZgCaVVgkST1BpQxBTgNKRcS5VbLrXf
4MXb5TbhA+eo1Qbr2IjlV10aLbVhUk/g+ylag+k= </Modulus> <Exponent>AQAB</Exponent> </RSAKeyValue> </KeyValue>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<X509Data> <X509IssuerSerial> <X509IssuerName>CN=Mike McCarthy,OU=Heinz School,O=CMU,L=Pgh,ST=PA,C=US </X509IssuerName> <X509SerialNumber>1049138061 </X509SerialNumber> </X509IssuerSerial> <X509SubjectName>CN=Mike McCarthy,OU=Heinz School,O=CMU,L=Pgh,ST=PA,C=US </X509SubjectName> <X509Certificate>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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</X509Certificate> </X509Data> </KeyInfo> <dsig:Object xmlns="" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" Id="Res0">
<GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>89</Score> </Student> </GradeBook> </dsig:Object></Signature>
The resource 0 object
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Let’s change the low grade!
<dsig:Object xmlns="" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" Id="Res0">
<GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>100</Score> </Student></GradeBook></dsig:Object>
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And run verify…D:\McCarthy\www\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\SampleSign2>java VerifyCUI <
signature.xml
The signature has a KeyValue element.The signature has one or more X509Data elements.Checks an X509Data:1 certificate(s).
Certificate Information: Version: 1 Validity: OK SubjectDN: CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School, O=CMU, L=Pgh, ST=PA, C=US IssuerDN: CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School, O=CMU, L=Pgh, ST=PA, C=US Serial#: 0x3e88938dTime to verify: 521 [msec]Core Validity: NGSignature Validity: OK[0] "#Res0" NG: Digest value mismatch: calculated: tfVyHns8wRB6l/HDU2dXZkzf+7Q=Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Core Validity: NG at dsig.VerifyCUI.main(VerifyCUI.java:137)
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Another Example PO.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><PurchaseOrder xmlns="urn:purchase-order"> <Customer> <Name>Robert Smith</Name> <CustomerId>788335</CustomerId> </Customer> <Item partNum="C763"> <ProductId>6883-JF3</ProductId> <Quantity>3</Quantity> <ShipDate>2002-09-03</ShipDate> <Name>ThinkPad X20</Name> </Item></PurchaseOrder>
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PO After Signing<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><SignedPurchaseOrder>
<PurchaseOrder id="id0" xmlns="urn:purchase-order"> <Customer> <Name>Robert Smith</Name> <CustomerId>788335</CustomerId> </Customer> <Item partNum="C763"> <ProductId>6883-JF3</ProductId> <Quantity>3</Quantity> <ShipDate>2002-09-03</ShipDate> <Name>ThinkPad X20</Name> </Item> </PurchaseOrder>
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<Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"/> <SignatureMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <Reference URI="#id0"> <DigestMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/>
<DigestValue>UfeiscUCL7QkhZtRDLWDPWLpVlA=</DigestValue> </Reference> </SignedInfo>
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<SignatureValue>
Ptysg8WdHI2mxwryOOt5I9r9qZm/2gNFNOJyH1Wak4nCUegRpe72tWnsigAKZyopmgUSH3TG
aGGQF1BTSvk3JUUY/ljrw+5FpTpf3hgZBi7GSWf6WtXqZvMYGUKIlvR/421MZg7P9XRUyy37
ZUzQHtmCYkBorEkEx1J4CYB0G2c=
</SignatureValue>
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<KeyInfo>
<X509Data> <X509Certificate> MIIDGjCCAoOgAwIBAgICAQAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwXzELMAkGA1UEBhMCSlAxETAPBgNVBAgT CEthbmFnYXdhMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZZYW1hdG8xDDAKBgNVBAoTA0lCTTEMMAoGA1UECxMDVFJMMRAw
DgYDVQQDEwdUZXN0IENBMB4XDTAxMTAwMTA3MTYxMFoXDTExMTAwMTA3MTYxMFowUDELMAkGA1UE
BhMCSlAxETAPBgNVBAgTCEthbmFnYXdhMQwwCgYDVQQKEwNJQk0xDDAKBgNVBAsTA1RSTDESMBAG A1UEAxMJU2lnbmF0dXJlMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCvnFQiPEJnUZnkmzoc MjsseD8ms9HBgasZR0VOAvsby5aajsm9CtB18dDCemDXZ2YjBdprX+epfF4SLNP5ankfphhr9QXA NJdCKpyF3jPoydckle7E7gI9w3Q4NDa4ryVOuIS2qev6jlE7OVPqiXIDVlCH4u6GbIoJEpJ57yzx
dQIDAQABo4HzMIHwMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgXgMCwGCWCGSAGG+EIBDQQfFh1PcGVu
U1NMIEdlbmVyYXRlZCBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUYapFv9MvQ9NNn1Q7zgzqka4XORsw gYgGA1UdIwSBgDB+gBR7FuT9bLBj3vVsgAzIeYa4hBUZBaFjpGEwXzELMAkGA1UEBhMCSlAxETAP BgNVBAgTCEthbmFnYXdhMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZZYW1hdG8xDDAKBgNVBAoTA0lCTTEMMAoGA1UECxMD VFJMMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdUZXN0IENBggEAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALFzGDXMzxJvOnCdJCMZ 2NsZdz1+wmoYyejB5J6Ch2ygdPeibMnW/CiYKCTWBhpEgxEqr1BNlgSVqA6nyvjHsVIvgBfwx37D hJ5hz4azpWu1X22XqyU9fUqoQUtEAdM/MlLekBkprkJVb9uJXTFzzvm/3DoEiBkX/BT78YdM8eq0 </X509Certificate> </X509Data>
</KeyInfo></Signature>
</SignedPurchaseOrder>
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WSS XMLDSig Listing 1
<?xml version=”1.0”?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/”> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/”> <!--Parameters passed with the method call--> </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
From “Web Services Security”, Bilal SiddiquiThere is no XMLDS in this example.
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Sign The SOAP Request <?xml version=”1.0”?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/” xmlns:ds=”http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#”>
<SOAP-ENV:Header> <ds:Signature> <!– wraps all other XMLDS elements <ds:SignedInfo> <!– note the ds prefix </ds:SignedInfo> <!– note three children of Signature <ds:SignatureValue> </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> </ds:KeyInfo> </ds:Signature> </SOAP-ENV:Header>
<SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/”> <!--Parameters passed with the method call--> </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
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<?xml version=”1.0”?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/” xmlns:ds=”http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#”>
<SOAP-ENV:Header> <ds:Signature> <ds:SignedInfo> <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> <ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <ds:Reference URI="#GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms>
After Signing (1)
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<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue> BIUddkjKKo2... </ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> </ds:SignedInfo> <ds:SignatureValue> halHJghyf765.... </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> <!– the key name for signature verification <ds:KeyName>MyKeyIdentifier</ds:KeyName> </ds:KeyInfo> <!– application dependent, perhaps a symmetric key ID </ds:Signature> </SOAP-ENV:Header>
After Signing (2)
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<SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/” ID="GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners"> <!--Parameters passed with the method call--> </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
After Signing (3)
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Validation Procedure
(1) Canonicalize the SignedInfo element.
(2) Check message integrity. We’ll need
a. the data to be digested
b. any transforms to perform first
c. the digest algorithm
(3) If the digests compare equal verify the
signature (continued)
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Validation Procedure
(3) If the digests compare equal verify the signature a. get the signer’s key (public key or shared secret) perhaps by consulting the <keyInfo> element. b. read the signature method used to compute the signature c. Attempt to verify and if we have a match call GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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XML Encryption
• W3C Recommendation 10 December 2002
• Notes from http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-encrypt/index.html
by Bilal Siddiqui
And “Secure XML” by Eastlake and Niles Addison Wesley
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General Form 1
<EncryptedData>
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>
cipher text in Base 64
</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
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General Form 2
<EncryptedData>
<CipherData>
<CipherReference>
pointer (URL) to cipher text
</CipherReference>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
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Replaces the encrypted element or
Serves as the new document root
May contain a KeyInfo element that describes the key needed for decryption (borrowed from XML Digital Signature) or
signature verification
EncryptedData is the core element
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General Example (1)
<MedInfo> <ID> <Name> <Address> </ID> <Medical>…</Medical> <Financial>…</Financial></MedInfo>
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General Example (2)
<MedInfo> <ID>….</ID> <EncryptedData> <KeyInfo> <KeyName>Medical </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue> cipher text </EncryptedData>
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General Example (3)
<Financial> <EncryptedData> <KeyInfo> <KeyName>Pay </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue> cipher text
</EncryptedData></Finacial>
</MedInfo>
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Detailed Example (Listing 1)
<purchaseOrder>
<Order>
<Item>book</Item>
<Id>123-958-74598</Id>
<Quantity>12</Quantity>
</Order>
<Payment>
<CardId>123654-8988889-9996874</CardId>
<CardName>visa</CardName>
<ValidDate>12-10-2004</ValidDate>
</Payment>
</purchaseOrder>
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Encrypting the Entire File (Listing 2)
<?xml version='1.0' ?>
<EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#' Type='http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/text/xml'>
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>A23B45C56…</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
IANA = Internet Assigned Numbers Authority a function of The Internet Corporationfor Assigned Names and Numbers
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Encrypting The Payment (Listing 3)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <PurchaseOrder> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> </Order> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587…</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </PurchaseOrder>
One element
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Encrypting Only the CardId (Listing 4)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <PurchaseOrder> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> </Order> <Payment> <CardId> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Content' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </CardId> <CardName>visa</CardName> <ValidDate>12-10-2004</CardName> </Payment> </PurchaseOrder>
Element content
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Encrypting Non-XML Data (Listing 5)
<?xml version='1.0' ?>
<EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlen#'
Type='http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/jpeg' >
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>A23B45C56…</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
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Sending a public key (listing 6)<?xml version='1.0' ?> <SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <EncryptedKey CarriedKeyName="Muhammad Imran" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyValue>1asd25fsdf2dfdsfsdfds2f1sd23 </ds:KeyValue> </ds:KeyInfo> </EncryptedKey></SecureCommunicationDemonstration>
This key is in the clear.
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Receiving a Secret Key Encrypted with a Public Key (listing 7)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <EncryptedKey CarriedKeyName="Imran Ali" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm= "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5"/> <CipherData> <CipherValue>xyza21212sdfdsfs7989fsdbc </CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedKey></SecureCommunicationDemonstration>
This key is encrypted.It’s name is Imran Ali.
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Data Encrypted to Secret Key (Listing 8)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <<SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> <CardName>Visa</CardName> <ExpDate>10-10-2005</ExpDate> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc '/> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyName>Imran ali</ds:KeyName> </ds:KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </Order> </SecureCommunicationDemonstration>
An element is encryptedwith the Imran Ali key.
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Pointing to encrypted data (listing 9)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#' Type= 'http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element'> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyName>Imran ali</ds:KeyName </ds:KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherReference URI="www.waxsys.com/secureData/waxFile.txt"/> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> The external source is encrypted
with the Imran Ali key.
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Point to a distant encrypted element (Listing 10)
<?xml version='1.0' ?> <EncryptedData ID="Enc-Data" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'
Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' > <CipherReference URI="http://www.waxsys.com/EncFile.xml" > <Transforms xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" > <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC- xpath-19991116"> <wax:XPath xmlns:wax="http://www.waxsys.com/xpathNS"> PruchaseOrder/EncryptedData [@Id="Imran-Enc-Data"] </wax:XPath> </ds:Transform> </Transforms> </CipherReference> </EncryptedData>
XPath is being used to point to the exact element that is encrypted.
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1"> <wsse:BinarySecurityToken xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" EncodingType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3" wsu:Id="Id-2811617958072086928">MIIDWTCCAsKgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhki G9w0BAQQFADB0MQswCQYDVQQGEw TkExCzAJBgNVBAcTAk5BMQswCQYDV Truncated for slides </wsse:BinarySecurityToken>
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<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <ds:SignedInfo> <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> <ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <ds:Reference URI="#Id-2759303837586178391"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms> <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue>+wIvYh7do417KoMegTdIsceVwa4=</ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> <ds:Reference URI="#Id-6781605803276963"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms> <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue>LmLfuY64iaJ1GNm2tYFVxbGrFO8=</ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> </ds:SignedInfo>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<ds:SignatureValue> kSzWeh29OTfPhYl1/+8RM2z2puuWXrfJLU6k+8MlC0PRYljt279NzSVgWUuKsCjYEggAtY6OEKIC hvNp18NQ3Im2NOb35vsFCzc4GQkIm8jn70TF9YF+vEYx5xX39f7mV96YMuwWfebYAAS/AEOnx/zh /YNfPT6l5oSdd2l5OzI= </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> <wsse:SecurityTokenReference> <wsse:Reference URI="#Id-2811617958072086928" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3"/> </wsse:SecurityTokenReference> </ds:KeyInfo> </ds:Signature> <wsu:Timestamp xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" wsu:Id="Id-6781605803276963"> <wsu:Created>2005-04-09T15:27:44Z</wsu:Created> <wsu:Expires>2005-04-09T15:32:44Z</wsu:Expires> </wsu:Timestamp> </wsse:Security> </env:Header>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<env:Body xmlns:wsu= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" wsu:Id="Id-2759303837586178391"> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Tell The Client to Encrypt<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">
<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true"> <!-- Since no targets have been specified below, the contents of the soap body would be encrypted by default. --> <xwss:Encrypt> <xwss:X509Token certificateAlias="s1as"/> </xwss:Encrypt> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>
<xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler> com.sun.xml.wss.sample.SecurityEnvironmentHandler </xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler>
</xwss:JAXRPCSecurity>
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Tell the server to require encryption
<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">
<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true"> <!-- Encryption requirement. As no target is specified, the contents of the soap body of the request are expected to be encrypted. --> <xwss:RequireEncryption/> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>
<xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler> com.sun.xml.wss.sample.SecurityEnvironmentHandler </xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler>
</xwss:JAXRPCSecurity>
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Encrypted Request <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1"> <wsse:BinarySecurityToken xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" EncodingType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3" wsu:Id="Id-6842673312555922560">MIIDWTCCAsKgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhki G9w0BAQQFADB0MQswCQYDVQQGEw Large truncation for slides
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</wsse:BinarySecurityToken> <xenc:EncryptedKey xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <xenc:EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p"/> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <wsse:SecurityTokenReference> <wsse:Reference URI="#Id-6842673312555922560" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3"/> </wsse:SecurityTokenReference> </ds:KeyInfo> <xenc:CipherData> <xenc:CipherValue>KB79tvoF6Bu7JeL2Re6iGG8 BhdhOFcZiNDJrJNe8lV3GE6 Sk+s453IF3GFpmkmQttPhzH1D HKQ+2nFjIWPdyZObK3cVyDf rox7Ysjbfuo4TNwElHvKtnGVNb cQIGWiwyxHIZCjqCdF8LM8E1 gCZgYSaRh3V48VMlOsfZ8RCR Vjw= </xenc:CipherValue> </xenc:CipherData>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<xenc:ReferenceList> <xenc:DataReference URI="#Id7870285788177789579"/> </xenc:ReferenceList> </xenc:EncryptedKey> </wsse:Security> </env:Header> <env:Body> <xenc:EncryptedData xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" Id="Id7870285788177789579" Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Content"> <xenc:EncryptionMethod Algorithm= "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc"/> <xenc:CipherData> <xenc:CipherValue> SL1G08+bGFaqEOefJWtBpOipgkvs8i7JWNwoGum5TO EyZkStSKav/lYygoC5/ji11rccnQWNq/Tg1eYX52UTalAS Large truncation for slides </xenc:CipherValue> </xenc:CipherData> </xenc:EncryptedData> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
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SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env= "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Body> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
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Tell the client to send a username/password
<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">
<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true"> <!-- Default: Digested password will be sent. --> <xwss:UsernameToken name="Ron" password="noR"/> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>
<xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler> com.sun.xml.wss.sample.SecurityEnvironmentHandler </xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler>
</xwss:JAXRPCSecurity>
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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Username/Password Request<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1">
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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System
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<wsse:UsernameToken> <wsse:Username>Ron</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password>****</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce EncodingType= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary"> yk/r/wJ0Ny/vbkm9OKpZwR6s </wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd"> 2005-04-09T20:48:40Z </wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security> </env:Header> <env:Body> <ns0:Ping> <ns0:ticket>SUNW</ns0:ticket> <ns0:text>Hello!</ns0:text> </ns0:Ping> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
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SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Body> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>
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