Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases
Emerging, re-emerging Diseases
An emerging disease is one that has appeared in a population for the
first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly
increasing in incidence or geographic range -WHO
The annual cause-specific mortality estimates from the World Health
Organization (WHO)
Respiratory infections: 4.3 million deathsDiarrheal diseases: 2.5 million deathsHIV/AIDS: 1.8 million deathsTuberculosis: 1.3 million deathsMalaria: 0.8 million deathsMeningitis: 0.3 million deathsPertussis: 0.2 million deathsMeasles: 0.2 million deathsHepatitis B: 0.1 million deathsOther infectious diseases: 1.2 million deaths
Examples of recent emerging diseases
Factors Contributing To Emergence
• Agent
• Host
• Environment
Examples of Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Hepatitis C- First identified in 1989
In mid 1990s estimated global prevalence 3%
• Hepatitis B- Identified several decades earlier
Upward trend in all countries
Prevalence >90% in high-risk population
Examples of Emerging Infectious Diseases
SARS: The First Emerging Infectious Disease Of The 21st Century (China, 2003)
SARS Cases 19 February to 5 July 2003
China (5326)
Singapore (206)
Hong Kong (1755)
Viet Nam (63)
Europe:
10 countries (38)
Thailand (9)
Brazil (3)
Malaysia (5)
South Africa (
Canada (243)
USA (72)
Colombia (1)
Kuwait (1)
South Africa (1)
Korea Rep. (3)
Macao (1)
Philippines (14)
Indonesia (2)
Mongolia (9)
India (3)
Australia (5)
New Zealand (1)
Taiwan (698)
Mongolia (9)
Russian Fed. (1)
Total: 8,439 cases, 812 deaths,
30 countries in 7-8 months
Source: www.who.int.csr/sars
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)
• CJD is called a human form of mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE).
Dengue Fever
Leptospirosis
AIDS
• AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1)
Swine Flu Influenza A (H1N1)
Pneumonic Plague
• in India (1994)
Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV)
• This strain of coronavirus that causes MERS was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia.
Meningococcemia
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebola (5 species)
• Sudan
• Zaire
• Ivory Coast
• Reston Agent
• Uganda
First appearance in 1976
Sporadic outbreaks
CountryTotal Cases (Suspected, Probable, and Confirmed) Laboratory-Confirmed Cases Total Deaths
Guinea 3175 2781 2101
Liberia 9265 3153 4057
Sierra Leone 11341 8308 3479
Total 23781 14242 9637
2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa - Case Counts
Marburg
• Varying pathogenicity(mortality ranging from 21-80%)
• Responsible for 1967 outbreak in Europe
• Outbreaks in 2000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo and 2005 in Angola
Thank You!!!
Top Related