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Geol 464: Carbonate GeologySemester 0622007
Lecture 6
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Classification Schemes: Dunham
Classification
Dunham Classification
Texture and allochem type
incorporated into
classification sediment deposited in calmvs agitated waters
grain vs mud support
mud-bearing vs mud-freesediment
bound (biologically)
depositional texturerecognizable
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5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
Dunhams Classification
with modifications by Embry and Klovan
Is based upon:
Binding or control of texture by in-placeorganisms
Recognition of the texture and fabric of the rock
Amount of lime mud Support of the grains
Amount of grains
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Is depositional texture recognizable?
5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
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Silicified Oolitic Grainstone (secondary replacement of carbonate by quartz)
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Ooid lime grainstone
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Rock contains mud. Is the rock
grain or mud supported?
5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
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Crinoidal packstone
The crinoid skeletal fragments are an off white to greyish brown color,whereas the matrix is yellowish brown.
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Mollusk/echinoid lime packstone
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If the rock is mud supported, is there
more than 10% grains?
5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
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Wackestones are carbonate rocks which are matrix-supported; i.e.,
there are more than 10% grains, but the fine grain clay size matrix
essentially surrounds the grains.
ilif li k
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Fossiliferous lime wackestone
If h k i d d i h
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5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
If the rock is mud supported, is there
more than 10% grains?
Li M d
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Lime Mudstone
M difi ti b E b d Kl (1972)
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5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
M difi ti b E b d Kl (1972)
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Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
Floatstone(large grains)
30 mm
2.5 cm
Lime rudist floatstone
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
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5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
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Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
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Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
Rudstone(large grains)
30 mm 30 mm
2.5 cm
Lime rudist grain-rich rudstone
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
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5 mm5 mm 5 mm 5 mm5 mm
Rudstone(large grains)
Bindstone
Bafflestone
FramestoneFloatstone(large grains)
5 mm
30 mm 30 mm 30 mm
1m
100 mm
100 mm
Depositional texture recognizable
Components not bound together during deposition
Mud supported
Contains carbonate mud(clay / fine silt)
Lacks mudand is
grainsupportedGrainsupported
Componentswere bound
togetherduring
deposition
Depositionaltexture not
recognizable
Less than10% grains
More than10% grains
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone Boundstone Crystalline
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
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Bafflestone100 mm
Bindstone100 mm
Framestone1m5 mm
Framestone
Boundstone
Modifications by Embry and Klovan (1972)
Framestone Modifications by Embry
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Framestone1m
Modifications by Embry
and Klovan (1972)
Lime coral framestone
Bindstone Modifications by Embry
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Bindstone100 mm
Modifications by Embry
and Klovan (1972)
Algal stromatolite dolobindstone
Bafflestone Modifications by Embry
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Bafflestone100 mm
Modifications by Embry
and Klovan (1972)
Algal-plate limebafflestone
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