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* GB784798 (A)

Description: GB784798 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to guide assemblies for lift cars orcounterweights

Description of GB784798 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-JOHN HARCOURT BILLINGTON. Date of filing Complete Specification: March 16, 1956. Application Date: March 17, 1955 No 7834/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 78 ( 3), L. International Classification:-B 66 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Guide Assemblies for Lift Cars or Counterweights. We, THE EXPRESS LIFT COMPANY LIMITED, of Greycoat Street, Westminster, London, S.W 1, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement - This invention relates to guide assemblies for lift cars or counterweights. Guide assemblies for lift cars or counterweights are provided for co-operating with guide rails to guide a lift car or counterweight as it ascends and descends a lift shaft In conventional lift installations it is usual to have two guide rails disposed down the length of the lift shaft and fixed in opposite side walls of the shaft With this arrangement a lift car has two guide assemblies co-operating with each of the guide rails, one of the two assemblies being mounted on the roof of the lift car and the other on the bottom of the lift car. It is desirable that guide assemblies should run along the guide rails with the minimum transmission of noise and vibration to the lift car and one object of the present invention is the provision of a guide

assembly which substantially meets these requirements. According to the present invention, in a guide assembly adapted to be secured to a lift car or counterweight and arranged to co-operate with a vertical guide rail, at least one guide shoe or roller is mounted in the frame of the assembly through a rubber or rubber-like body, in such manner that the guide shoe or roller is capable of displacement in a vertical plane perpendicular to the engaged surface of the guide rail relatively to the lift car or counterweight against lPrice 4-6 dl force developed by said body due to said displacement and acting on one side of a horizontal plane perpendicular to the guide rail and either substantially bisecting the guiding surface 6 f the guide shoe or passing through the point of contact of the guide roller with the guide rail, the said force being assisted af least for one sense of displacement by force acting on the other side of said plane and developed in a spring mounted between said frame and said shoe or roller and isolated from said frame by rubber or rubber-like material. The force developed by the rubber or rubber-like body is preferably a torsional force. The or each guide shoe or roller of the assembly may be mounted on an arm. secured at one end to the assembly through a rubber or rubber-like body so that the arm is rotatable about the secured end against the action of torsional force developed by the said rubber or rubber-like body Preferably, the arm is provided at the secured end with a shaft perpendicular to the arm, the said shaft being bonded into a rubber bush which is bonded to the frame at its outer surface. The end of the arm which is not associated with the rubber or rubber-like body may be arranged between two stops on a shaft fixed at one end into a block member which is secured to the frame through a rubber or rubber-like material One of the stops may be movable in one direction along the shaft against spring action so that abutment of the arm against this stop due to displacement of the guide shoe or roller causes the spring to provide a force which assists the force developed by the rubber or rubber-like 784,798 784,798 body at the secured end of the arm One of the stops may be fixed to the shaft so that abutment of the arm against this stop causes the rubber or rubber-like material through which the block member is mounted to the frame to provide a force to assist the force developed by the rubber or rubberlike body at the end of the arm. A guide shoe of the assembly may be a carbon shoe adapted to slide along the surface of the guide rail In guide assemblies where three guide shoes or rollers are provided, two being arranged in alignment and the third being perpendicular to the other two, they may be three guide rollers or three carbon shoes Alternatively the two aligned ones

may be rollers and the third a carbon shoe or the two aligned ones may be carbon shoes and the third a roller. Two guide assemblies in accordance with the present invention and for a lift car will now be described by way of example with reference to the four Figures of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification. In the drawings:Figure 1 shows a part sectional side elevation of one guide assembly; Figure 2 shows a part sectional top plan view of the same assembly; Figure 3 shows a sectional view on the line Ill-III of Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a part sectional side elevation of another guide assembly. Referring now to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, the guide assembly comprises three identical guide rollers 1 mounted in a frame member 2 which is fixed to the lift car (not shown) by fixing nuts 3 (Figure 2) screwed on to bolts 4 attached to the lift car The guide rollers 1 co-operate with a vertically disposed guide rail 5 which is fixed centrally in one of the side walls of the lift shaft In order to provide good frictional grip between the rollers 1 and the guide rail 5 and to aid 4.5 silent running, the rollers are each provided with a rubber tyre 6 of known rubber composition. Two of the guide rollers 1 are arranged in alignment parallel to a side of the lift car c 0 and co-operate with side surfaces 7 and 8 of the guide rail 5 The remaining guide roller is mounted perpendicular to and slightly above the other two guide rollers and cooperates with the edge 9 of the guide rail 5. a Each roller 1 is mounted on ball bearings (Figure 2) carried by a horizontal shaft 11 which is fixed between a pair of parallel members forming an arm 12 The parallel members of each arm 12 are joined at their 0 lower end by a shaft 13 which is fixed to the frame member 2 through a rubber bush 14 The rubber bush 14 has metal sleeves and 16 bonded to its inner and outer surfaces respectively The sleeve 15 is a force fit on the shaft 13 and the sleeve 16 is a force fit in the frame member 2 so that rotation of the arm 12 in a vertical plane about the axis of the shaft 13 is permitted by the resilience of the rubber bush 14 70 The upper ends of each pair of parallel members forming an arm 12 are joined by a cross-member 17 which has a cylindrical hole 32 therethrough A horizontal shaft 18, screwed at one end and provided with a 75 knurled bead 19 at the other passes through the hole 32 in the cross-member 17, the cross-member 17 resting on a sleeve 20 which is keyed to the shaft 18 by a pin 21. The shaft 18 is screwed into a block mem 80 ber 22 which is fixed to the frame member 2 through rubber bushes 23 and 24 Stops and 26 are provided on the shaft 18 for limiting free movement of the cross-member 17 along the sleeve 20 the stop 25 being 85 formed as a

flange on the sleeve 20 and the stop 26 being of disc form The stop 26 is held against the sleeve 20 by a compression spring 27 fitted on the shaft 18 between the knurled head 19 and the stop 26 90) The block member 22 has two projections 28 and 29, in which are screwed the shafts 18 associated with each of the aligned guide rollers 1 The rubber bushes 23 and 24, similar to the bushes 14, fix the block 95 member 22 to bolts 30 screwed into the frame member 2 The block member 22 is so fixed to the frame member 2 through the rubber bushes 23 and 24 that when the assembly is in co-operation with the guide D 00 rail 5, the axes of the rubber bushes 23 and 24 are at equal distances from the vertical cen-r Lal plane of the guide rail 5, and the Projections 28 and 29 extend below the block member 22 and the shafts 18 associ 105 ated with the aligned guide rollers are screwed into the projections 28 and 29 at their lower extension The shaft 18 associated -with the third guide roller 1 is screwed into the block member 22 centrally of the 110 two bushes 23 and 24 and on the opposite side of the block member 22 to the projections 28 and 29. In construction of the guide assembly the guide rollers 1 are mounted in the assembly 115 so that, when the assembly is fitted to the lift car, they will co-operate with the surfaces of the guide rail 5 either without biasing forces being provided by the rubber bushes 14 or with very slight biasing forces 120 in the direction of the guide rail 5 The spring 27 is pre-loaded by positioning the sleeve 20 on the shaft to give the desired compressing on the spring 27 Adjustment of each of the guide shoe assemblies when 125 it is in co-operation with the guide rail 5, is made by turning the knurled head 19 of the associated shaft 18 after having loosened lock nut 31 The effect of turning the knurled head 19 is to screw the shaft 18 into 13 ') 784,798 the block member 22 and thus alter the position of the stops 25 and 26 The small clearance between the cross-member 17 and the stops 25 and 26 enables the shaft 18 to be screwed into and out of the block member 22 without having to work against the preloading of the spring 27 The shaft 18 is screwed into the block member 22 until slight flats appear on the rubber tyre 6 of the associated guide roller l The crossmember 17 is then in contact with the stop 26, but the loading of the spring 27 has not been increased because the reaction between the guide rail 5 and the guide roller 1 is not sufficient to overcome the preloading of the spring due to the resilience of the tyre 6. In operation, the guide rollers 1 run along the surfaces of the guide rail and should there be a small unevenness for example an imperfect joint in the guide rail 5 the guide rollers will follow the unevenness without transmitting any vibration to the lift car, the flats, due to the resilience of the rubber of the tyres 6, catering for the small uneven_ 5 ness.

If the loading of the guide rollers becomes excessive, due for example, to unevep distribution of the load in the car the guide rollers 1 are displaced relatively to the lift ( car, and the arms 12 are rotated about respective axes of the bushes 14 against torsional force developed by the rubber bushes, the displacement of the guide wheel 1 is opposed by the associated spring 27 as well 3 a as by the torsional force in the rubber bush 14, the preloading of the spring 27 being overcome and the spring 27 being thus still further compressed Thus there is brought into action a force acting in a direction opposite to the displacement of the guide wheel and increasing in magnitude as the displacement increases Since the shaft 18 is mounted through the rubber bushes 23 and 24 to the frame member 2 the spring force must to some extent be assisted by forces developed due to deformation of the rubber bushes 23-and 24. Since each guide roller 1 is fixed in the assembly through rubber bushes 14, 23 and 24 and thus isolated from the assembly, noise transmission to the lift car is reduced to a minimum. Referring now to Figure 4, the arrangement is similar to Figure 1 except that the two aligned guide rollers 1 engaging the surfaces 7 and 8 of the guide rail 5 have been replaced by carbon shoes 33, the third roller being retained The carbon shoes each comprises a carbon block 34 fitted in a metal housing 35 and held in place by members 36 and 37 fixed to the housing 35 by screws 38 and 39 Each carbon block 34 has a strip of rubber bonded to iths back face so that it abuts against the inside of the housing 35 This rubber strip acts as a cushioning device as do the rubber tyres 6 in the first arrangement Each metal housing is fixed on a shaft 40 similar to the shaft 11 of Figure 1 One face of each carbon block 34 engages with a side surface of the guide rail 5 and in operation slides along the guide rail 5 Instead of replacing the aligned guide rollers 1 by carbon shoes 33, the third roller may be replaced by a carbon shoe 33 Alternatively, all the guide rollers 1 may be replaced by carbon shoes 33. 7 (

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* GB784799 (A)

Description: GB784799 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in cam operated electric switches


We, COLNE SWITCHGEAR (K & W) LIMITED, formerly known as Electrical Products (Colne) Limited, of Walton Street Mill, Colne, County of Lancaster, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by -which it is to be perfomed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to improvements in electric switches of the type adapted to be closed by a spring and opened by the movement of a cam but held against chattering, when closed, by a permanent magnet in which rubbing action is provided between the contacts on make and break to maintain the contacts clean. An electric switch has been proposed comprising in co-operation with a fixed contact a movable structure which consists of a support comprising a U-shaped member of magnetic material having branches extending away from the fixed contact and a conductive arm carrying the movable contact, hinged on the said support for movement between the branches of the U-shaped member and resiliently urged towards the base of the U-shaped member whereby the passage of a current through the conductive arm causes the conductive arm to tend to be urged towards the base of the U-shaped member and so increase the pressure between the fixed and movable contacts. According to the invention an electric switch of the type referred to comprises a contact arm of magnetic material pivoted on a pin passing through lugs mounted on a base plate of insulating material, a permanent magnet mounted on the base plate with which the contact arm engages when the switch is closed to prevent chatter and a contact plate carrying a contact and lPrice 3 s 6 d l located by a pin passing freely therethrough, the pin being mounted on the contact arm and carrying a spring for biasing the contact plate towards the arm, a stationary contact carried by the base plate and engaged by the contact on the contact plate when the switch is closed the closing and opening of the switch causing the contact plate to pivot relatively to

the contact arm and thus move longitudinally relatively to the stationary contact. The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings: Fig 1 is a front elevation of the switch. Fig 2 is a side elevation of same in the closed position with one side plate removed. Fig 3 is a similar side view showing the switch about to open. Fig 4 is a side view showing the switch in the open position. The switch comprises a contact arm B of magnetic material pivoted on a pin b passing through two lugs bl mounted on a base plate B' of insulating material A permanent magnet B 2 is also mounted on the base plate B', the arm B engaging the magnet when the switch is closed to prevent chatter. A contact plate D carrying a contact d is located by a pin d' screwed into the arm B, a spring d 2 being mounted on the pin d' between the plate D and the head of the pin d' The pin d' passes with clearance through a hole in the plate D to permit rocking of the latter on the arm B A stationary contact c is mounted on an arm cl carried by the base plate B' on a terminal bolt A'. An operating lever D' is pivoted to the contact arm B on a Pin b', an extensiond 3 of the lever D' engaging the contact arm B. A spring d 4 is arranged between the lever 784,799 PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: -EDGAR PEARSON. Date of filing Complete Specification: March 26, 1956. Application Date: March 24, 1955 No 8550 /55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 38 ( 5), B 1,N 4: R 7 C), B 4 G. International Classification:-EH O h H 02 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in Cam Operated Electric Switches. 784,799 D' and the contact arm B, a second spring b' being mounted between the contact arm B and the base plate B' A roller D 2 is mounted on the end of the lever D', the switch being operated by a cam E (Fig 2). The contact plate D is connected by a flexible lead d J to a second terminal bolt A 2. The switch may be enclosed by anti-flash screens A secured by bolts passing through the base plate B'. After the switch has been operated to the open position shown in Fig 4 by the cam E it is returned by the spring 1 assisted by the pull of the magnet B' to bring the contact d into engagement with the contact c As the contact arm B approaches the magnet B' it is attracted into engagement therewith causing the contact plate D to 2 o pivot on the arm B and the contact d to rub over or move longitudinally in relation

to the contact c the spring d' being compressed as the contact arm moves into the position shown in Fig 2. The switch on opening moves from the position shown in Fig 2 through the intermediate position shown in Fig 3 to the position shown in Fig 4 As the roller D' rocks the lever D' on the pin b 2 the spring d' is compressed the contact arm B being retained in the closed position by the magnet B' When the lever D' engages a stop d 1 on the arm B (Fig 3) further movement of the lever D' causes the contact arm B to pivot on the pin b and on release from the magnet B' the spring d' and the spring d 4 combine to give a quick break between the contacts c, d The breaking of the contacts c, d again gives rise to a rubbing action between the surfaces as they separate to keep the contacts clean. A plurality of switches may be mounted on the base plate or a plurality of base plates may be mounted on rods passing transversely therethrough The switches may be separated by anti-flash screens or the like. The switch contacts will thus be held firmly closed by the magnet and will therefore be free from vibrational trouble or chatter. The switches may be built up in units to any number of poles all of which may be operated as above described.


* GB784800 (A)

Description: GB784800 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to clamps for fixing dress guard stays on theaxles of perambulators or the like


PATENT SPECIFICATION -78

Inventor: -JAMES SPENCER. Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 16, 1956. Application Date: May 10, 1955 No 13448/55. Complete Specification Publishedc: Oct 16, 1967. Index at Acceptance:-Class 44, BE 4 B 4. International Classification:-FO 6 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Clamps for Fixing Dress Guard Stays on the Axles of Perambulators or the like. We, THE SPENCER MANUFACTURING COMPANY (TENBURY) LIMITED, a British Company, of Bridge Buildings, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to clamps for mounting stay bars of dress guards on axles of perambulators or the like of the type in which two clamping arms mounted on a stay bar are clamped on the axle by means of a clamping bolt. According to the present invention, a clamp for mounting a stay bar of a dress guard on an axle of a perambulator or the like has two clamping arms captively held but in movable grooves between two metal strips forming the stay bar so that the arms are held in spaced relation, whereby the axle can be engaged between the clamping arms prior to clamping and a clamping bolt passed through the arms for tightening the arms on the axle The grooves may be formed in one or both of the metal strips and the grooves may permit a limited movement only of each clamping arm Each clamping arm may be of open loop-shape with side legs having grooves engaging the grooves in the stay bar to prevent detachment of the clamping arms The inner sides of the grooves in the metal strip or strips may be inclined to permit movement of the clamping arms by spring flexing of the clamping arm. In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, on which:Figure 1 is an elevation of a clamp lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 constructed according to this invention; Figure 2 is a section on line x-x of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section on line y-y of Figure 1; Figure 4 is an elevation of a modified form of clamp; and Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 2 showing another modified form of clamp. According to a convenient embodiment of this invention as shown by Figures 1 to 3, the clamping arms 1 each comprise a length of metal strip bent into an elongated loop, the legs of the strip at the open end of the loop being U-shaped to form an inset groove 2 on each side The clamping arms 1 are captively but movable mounted between two' metal strips 3 and 3 a, which form the stay bar of a dress guard, the

metal strips being fixed together by the rivets 4 The overlapping portions of the metal strips 3 and 3 a are bent to form transverse grooves 5 in which are mounted the clamping arms 1 with the inset grooves 2 engaging the bottoms of the grooves 5 The legs la of the loops are conveniently spaced apart at the free ends and spring press against-the bottom of the grooves 5 to prevent looseness. The inner ends of the grooves 5 are conveniently shaped to form inclined shoulders a The arms 1 are thus held captive between the strips 3 and 3 a at a distance apart to engage on each side of an axle 6 of a perambulator, but with sufficient play to allow the arms to be moved into clamping position when the axle is positioned therebetween by means of a screwed bolt 7 passing through the loops of the clamping arms to engage a nut Clamping movement is permitted by the legs of the clamping arms 1 riding up the inclined shoulders 5 a. L 9800 In the above construction, the grooves 5 are formed in the overlapping end of each of the strips 3, 3 a, but in a modification one strip only is grooved In a further modification shown in Figure 5, one of the strips is elongated and a shorter strip 8 is riveted to it centrally, one or both of the strips being to form the grooves 5. According to a further modified form as shown by Figure 4, the grooves in the metal strips 3 and 3 a are inclined, so that the clamping arms 1, are normally held at an inclination to one another When the bolt 7 is tightened for clamping the arms on the axle, the clamping arms 1 are pulled paralb lel, the spring engagement of the legs of the clamping arms on the inclined shoulders a permitting this movement The strips 3 and 3 a also form a substantial bedding for the axle.


* GB784801 (A)

Description: GB784801 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to cartons


COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Cartons We, ALTIEBOLAGET AKERLUND & RAUS ING, a Company duly organized and existing under the laws of Sweden, of Sodra Industriomradet, Lund, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an air and powder-tight as well as moisture-proof carton for pulverulent and the like articles. The carton according to the invention is a development of the carton described in British Patent No. 729,284. In the carton described therein the opposed end edges of the carton side walls are provided with closure end flaps formed on punching the blank from the carton sheet or web. The flaps are separated from each other by cuts which do not altogether extend up to the crease lines along which the closure end flaps are foldable into a position in which they close the carton. By overturning the closure flaps, i.e. bending them outwards along the crease lines at right angles to the carton side walls, and so widening the cuts the carton material left at the inner ends of the cuts is torn, thus being fibrated again and forming fibre tufts at the carton corners, which tufts provide an improved sealing of the carton at the corners thereof when marginal portions of sealing sheets are fixed and glued to said fibre tufts and said closure flaps before the flaps are moved into carton closing position. It has proved to be extremely advantageous to utilize, for coating the inside surface of the carton a plastic, wax, rubber or the like composition of such properties as to permit stretching without causing the cohesion of the coating to break as well as to realize intimate connection with the carton material when applied thereto, said composition having a melting point of between 60 and 400 C. The plastic, wax, rubber or other composition used for the coating can be sprayed or cast onto the carton sheet or web from which the carton blanks are punched, or be glued to the carton material in the form of a prefabricated film, and whether one or the other method is employed, the coating must intimately adhere to the carton material. On overturning the flaps and widening the cuts in the manner outlined above for making said fibre tufts, the portion of the coating on the

carton material which is torn into the said fibre tufts will be stretched, thinned and turned outwards without breaking, however, thanks to the resilient properties of the coating and to its being anchored to the fibre tufts at the carton corners, said fibre tufts thus constituting a reinforcement and effective support for the coating when the sealing sheets are connected to the closure flaps at the two ends of the carton in the manner described hereinafter. When the inside surface of the blank and also the surface of the sealing sheet to be secured to the flaps have been provided with a film of plastic, wax, or rubber composition having the properties mentioned above, to obtain a fully moisture-proof carton for the article to be packed therein, the sealing sheet and the flaps can be securely connected together by subjecting them simultaneously to heat and pressure, so that the films on the sealing sheets and the flaps are melted and united with each other. The outwardly facing film portions at the carton corners which are coplanar with the flaps bent outwards at right angles to the carton side walls, are securely anchored to the fibre tufts formed on overturning the flaps and widening the cuts, and on application of heat and pressure to the sealing sheet and/or the flaps said film portions will be melted and thus united with the corresponding film on the sealing sheet so as to provide together with said fibre tufts a simple, convenient and completely moisture-proof and powder-tight seal at .ile carton corners. Said sealing operation may be performed in connection with the filling of the article into the carton. The carton according to the present invention which is a development of the carton described in British Patent No. 729,284 thus permits a highly simplified packing of articles requiring a completely moistureproof and powder-tight seal. On securing the sealing sheets to the closure flaps at the ends of the carton, it has proved very difficult to make the carton completely powder-tight and moisture-proof, since a small channel will in most cases arise along the longitudinal edge of the glue flap which is used for glneing the blank into the shape of a bor-like carton, if the glue flap extends not only along olle side wall of the carton but also across the closure flaps at the ends of the cartoon. To overcome this difficulty in the carton according to the invention, at least one and preferably two indentations are made across the said channel in connection with the securing of the sealing sheets to the carton ends, whereby the sealing sheet portion extending over the angle between the edge of the glue flap and the closure flap will be pressed into the material of said glue flap and partially into that of the subjacent closure flap, thereby providing an effective seal of the channel. Further features and advantages of the invention will be described in

the following, reference being had to the accompanying drawing illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention. In the drawing:: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the carton with outwardly bent flaps. Fig. 2 is an end view of the carton with outwardly bent flaps and a sealing sheet glued to said flaps. Fig. 3 is a view of a corner of the carton on a larger scale. Fig. 4 is a section on line IV-IV in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section on line V V in Fig. 2. The details which have counterparts in British Patent No. 729,284 have been provided with the same reference numerals. The four panels of the punched and creased carton blank are thus designated 1, while the closure flaps provided at the end edges of the carton sides formed by said panels are designated 4 and 5, respectively, said closure flaps being separated by crease lines 2 from the respective side of the carton and divided from each other by cuts 3. The glue flap 16 forms the longitudinal joint of the carton when the two opposed longitudinal edges of the blank are glued together so that a box is obtained when the blank is erected from its coplanar, glued-together condition to form a finished carton. The material remaining at the carton corners due to the caws 3 not being made altogether up to the crease lines 2 for bending the flaps 4 and 5, is designated 6, and the fibre tuft formed at the inner portion of the respective cuts when the flaps 4 and 5 are bent and the ctits 3 widened so that the material left is torn, is designated 7. Before the blank is punched out from the carton sheet or web, said sheet or web is provided with a coating i7 of plastic, wax, rubber or the like composition of such properties as to permit at least a certain degree of stretching and thereby thinning without destroying the cohesion of the coating. The plastic, wax, rubber or the like composition forming said coating may be sprayed or cast onto the carton sheet or web, or be glued to the carton material in the form of a prefabricated filnm. When the flaps 4 and 5 are bent over, the film formed by said coating on the material remaining at the inner portions of the cuts will be subjected to a stretching and thinning without breaking, however, so that outwardly facing corner pieces 18 are formed which are securely anchored to the respective corners by the fibre tufts 7 arising when the carton material left at said corners is torn by overturning or outward bending of the closure flaps. The sealing sheet 8 which has a coating identical to that of the carton material is then applied onto the open end of the carton and is exposed to heat at a temperature suitable for meki.lg said coating, and at the same time the flaps and the sealing sheet are subjected to pressure. When said heating and pressing

operation takes place the films on the flaps and sealing sheet, which lie in contact with one another will melt, as will do the corner pieces 18 of the coating on the carton material so that they are effectively inter connected with the corresponding coating portions on the sealing sheet 8, whereby an efficient air and powder-tight sealing of the carton corners is realized. When the corner pieces 18 are exposed to the pressure uniting the coatings on the carton material and the sealing sheet, the fibres which are intimately connected with said corner pieces 18 will serve effectively to hold up said pieces against the press members of the sealing machine used. Finally, the closure flaps are bent in over the end of the carton, which has been closed by means of the sealing sheet, and are interlocked with - each other, whereupon the carton is ready and the article enclosed therein can be stored for an unlimited time without damage thereto and be handled without leakage of its contents. On one of the outwardly bent closure flaps Fig. 1 shows the joint which may be formed when two adjacent side walls of the carton are connected together by means of the glue flap 16 to form a box. If the glue flap 16 extends not only along the length of the car ton side wall but also over the end closure flap, as will appear from Fig. 4, a channel 19 will remain open under the sealing sheet 8 in the angle between the flap 4 and the glue flap 16 connected therewith. To seal said channel 19 at least one and preferably two (or more) indentations 20 are made across the channel 19 in the carton material forming the flap 4 and the glue flap 16 when the sealing sheet portion extending over the angle between the flap 4 and the glue flap 16 is pressed into the material of the glue flap 16 and partially even into the material of the flap 4, thereby providing an effective seal of the channel 19. The carton described above and shown in the drawing has also proved very efficient for frozen foods which in more or less liquid form can be introduced and enclosed in the carton, whereupon the carton is conveyed to the freezing plant. The seal of the carton will be quite as effective in this case as in the cases mentioned above, and the corners of the carton are so effectively sealed that a leakage in these portions of the carton which have hitherto been so sensitive, will not arise. Modifications are possible within the scope of the invention defined in the appendant claims. What we claim is: 1. A carton as claimed in British Patent Specification No. 729,284 wherein the inner surfaces of the carton walls and flaps are provided with a coating of plastic, wax, rubber or like composition of yielding or stretchable nature, adapted to extend

without fracture, when the flaps are opened outwardly of the carton preparatory to a sealing operation, and thus to form bridging films across the open corners between the edges of adjacent flaps, the surface of the sealing sheet to be applied to the opened closure flaps being also provided with a coating of like material and being bonded to the coated surfaces of the opened flaps and the said bridging films in order to seal the carton. 2. A carton as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the sealing sheet is bonded to the flaps by application of heat and pressure. 3. A carton as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the or each coating composition has a melting point between 60"C and 400OC. 4. A carton as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3 in which one of the flaps is formed of two portions glued together in superposed relation thus forming a step on the inner surface of the flap extending transversely of the flap, i.e. substantially perpendicular to the fold line of the flap, wherein the said flap is formed with one or more indentations extending transversely of said step. and the sealing sheet is pressed into and bonded in the, or each, indentation in order to close a possible passage along the edge of said step. 5. A carton as claimed in British Patent Specification No. 729,284 and substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

* GB784802 (A)

Description: GB784802 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in soldering composition for aluminium

Description of GB784802 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 10, 1955. 7849802 No 16775/55 " 4 &\' All a Application made in United States of America on June 18 1954 Complete Specification Published: October 16, 1957 Index at acceptance:-Classes 82 ( 2), E 3, F 1 83, F 2 (E:F:G:H J:L:N:P:Q:R:S:U:Y:Zl:Z 3:Z 7), F 4 (A:G), M; and 83 ( 4), S( 2 G:4). International Classification:-B 23 k C 23 c, g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Soldering Composition for Aluminium We, HORIZONS INCORPORATED, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, of 90 Nassau Street, Princeton, State of New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the soldering of aluminium More particularly, the invention resides in a novel soldering composition for use in soldering aluminium. The soldering of aluminium is made difficult by the fact that aluminium always bears a surface layer of aluminium oxide to which other metals will not adhere Over the period of the last half century there have been many proposals of fluxing and soldering composition which would remove such an oxide layer and thus expose a fresh aluminium surface to which a solder would adhere, and these compositions frequently contain aluminium chloride or aluminium sulphate in admixture with other metal halides However, it has been generally conceded that no flux developed heretofore has been capable of readily removing an aluminium oxide surface layer at a temperature lower than about 450 C, particularly in the case of reactiontype solders For this reason, all procedures for using lower aluminium soldering temperatures have included the step of forming a freshly exposed metallic aluminium surface by scraping away the surface oxide layer while the surface is protected from the atmosphere by a supernatant layer of molten solder or flux, or both. We have now discovered that a certain relatively simple and inexpensive composition having a melting point below 250 'C, and further containing a chloride of a heavy metal electronegative with respect to aluminium, has such an affinity for the usual oxide coating on an aluminium surface at temperatures below 250 C that it will effectively remove this surface oxide layer and thus expose an oxide-free aluminium surface on which the heavy metal will be

deposited 50 The composition which we have found to have these characteristics is composed of aluminium chloride, one or more alkali metal chlorides of the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium chlorides, and 55 a chloride of a heavy metal electronegative with respect to aluminium, the amount of such heavy metal chloride in the mixture being less than the total amount of aluminium and alkali metal chlorides Our novel com 60 position is not simply a mixture of these salts but is the intimate combination of these constituents which results when a mixture of the aluminium chloride, an alkali metal chloride and the heavy metal chloride is 65 fused to the state of homogeneity Moreover, the relative proportions of aluminium chloride and alkali metal chloride in this product are important, the molar proportion of aluminium chloride in the aluminium chloride 70 alkali metal chloride component of the mixture ranging between 52 % and 82 % The weight proportions corresponding to this range of molar proportions for the aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride com 75 ponents of the mixture -are shown in the following table for binairy compositions of aluminium chloride and a single alkali metal chloride. Composition Mol % AICI 3 Weight % A 1 C 13 80 AICI, Li Cl 52 77 Al C 13 Li Cl 70 88 AI C 13 Li Cl 82 94 Al C 13 Na CI 52 70 AC Ib Na Cl 70 84 85 Al C 13 Na Cl 82 91 Al C 13 KGC 52 65 Al C 13 KGC 70 81 Al C 13 KC 82 90 The aluminium which may be soldered 90 784,i 02 with the composition of our invention may be substantially pure aluminium or any of its alloys in which aluminium is present in amount of at least 90 % by weight, and both aluminium metal itself and such aluminium base alloys are therefore included in the subsequent use of the term "aluminium" herein and in the claims It must also be understood that the composition of our invention is not limited to the soldering together of two aluminium parts but is equally applicable to the soldering of aluminium to copper, to copper base alloys and particularly the brasses and beryllium copper, to silicon bronzes and to manganese bronzes Thus, the joining of aluminium parts to non-aluminium parts is made possible by simple soldering techniques by the use of our novel composition. The form of the mixture of aluminium chloride, alkali metal chloride and heavy metal chloride pursuant to our invention is important Simple mixtures of these salts have a relatively high fusing point, and such mixtures are therefore not useful as the soldering composition of our invention However, when a mixture of aluminium chloride and sodium cholride in which the molar proportion of aluminium chloride is at least 52 % is heated to the fusion point, there is obtained, particularly with the aid of stirring, a homogeneous mixture of the two salts, which comprises the flux component of the composition of our invention When a heavy metal chloride is also present during

fusion of the aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride component, at least a portion of the heavy metal chloride enters into the homogeneous aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride phase The resulting composition may be used either in its molten condition or it may be allowed to solidify following which it is broken up and comminuted into a mass of relatively fine particles which can be easily handled and applied to the aluminium surface to be soldered In either the molten or solidified form, the composition is truly homogenized so as to have at least one phase having a definite melting or freezing point lower than that of any of its constituents and which varies only with the relative proportions; of these constituents. The relative proportions of aluminium chloride and alkali metal chloride in the homogenized composition of our invention are also important For convenience hereinafter, sodium chloride will be referred to as a representative alkali metal chloride because of its low cost, but it must be understood that potassium chloride and lithium chloride may be used with equal effect and hence 'that what is said hereinafter with respect to the use of sodium chloride applies with equal effect to potassium and lithium chlorides Amounts of aluminium chloride 565 less than 52 % on a molar basis of the total aluminiu-m chloride-sodium chloride component yield compositions which have melting points substantially above 250 C as distinguished from the compositions of our invention which are characterized by melting 70 points below 250 'C With increasing proportions of aluminium chloride above the 52 molar per cent lower limit, there are first produced compositions having still lower melting points and thereafter with still 75 greater proportions of aluminium chloride there are produced compositions having higher melting points than the minimum. However, beyond the proportions of 82 molar per cent of aluminium chloride and 18 molar 80 percent of sodium chloride in the aluminium chloride-sodium chloride component, the composition tends to lose to a significant degree the affinity for an aluminium oxide surface film which is characteristic of the com 85 position of our invention and moreover the composition tends to become unstable as evidenced by pronounced volatilization of aluminium chloride Thus, it will be seen that homogenized mixtures containing alu 90 minium chloride and alkali metal chloride in which the molar proportion of aluminium chloride in the aluminium chloride alkali metal chloride component ranges from 52 to 82 % comprise the flux component of the 95 heavy metal chloride-containing composition of our invention Within this range we presently prefer to use between 52 and 70 idol percent of aluminium chloride because within this range the resulting aluminium 100 chloride alkali metal chloride component has a melting point within the range of 120 ' and 1600 C.

Although the heavy metal chlorides or mixtures of such chlorides, can be used in 105 any amount less than 50 % by weight of our complete composition, we have found that heavy metal chloride additions ranging from 1 % to 25 % are generally the most satisfactory Virtually any heavy metal 110 chloride may be used for this purpose provided the heavy metal is electroneaative with respect to aluminium, as can be seen by the fact that the following representative heavy metal chlorides have been found to be effec 115 tive, either singly or in admixture with one another, in the composition of our inv ntion: manganous chloride stannous chloride zinc chloride lead chloride chromic chloride cupric chloride 120 gallium trichloride cuprous chloride ferrous chloride mercurous chloride cadmium chloride silver chloride indium chloride rhodium chloride tellurium monochloride 125 palladium dichloride cobalt chloride aurous c 171 orie nickelous chloride auric chloride Of course where the composition of our invention is to be used for soldering aluminium 130 784,802 to, another metal, the heavy metal chloride which is used should be one the heavy metal of which is also electronegative with respect to this other metal. In preparing the composition of our invention, we have found it advisable to first add the aluminium chloride component to a melting vessel and then add the sodium chloride and the heavy metal chloride components. The latter serve as a blanket to prevent escape of aluminium chloride as the mixture is heated Although sodium chloride melts at about 800 C, we have found that raising the temperature of the aluminium chloride 1 S blanketed with sodium chloride and heavy metal chloride to 300 'C causes the salts to go first through a mushy state and then into a clear liquid state After the liquid state has been attained, we have found it advantageous to stir the liquid melt in order to insure complete homogeneity of the component Once this homogeneity has been achieved by melting, and preferably by further stirring the melt, the liquid composition is allowed to cool and solidify The solid composition is then crushed or ground to a fine state, advantageously to minus 325 mesh (Tyler Standard), or even to powder form, whereupon it is ready for use. Although the use of aluminium chloride, sodium chloride and zinc chloride, individually and in combination with other salts. has been proposed heretofore in soldering fluxes and soldering compositions for aluminium, the action of these constituents is wholly different when they are combined in the composition of our invention Thus, although a major proportion of the heavy metal chloride may be present in our composition in the form of a phase having a melting point as high as 400 'C or more, a significant amount of the heavy

metal chloride is always present in the lower melting point aluminium chloride-alkali metal 43 chloride component of our composition This aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride component has a melting point not only below 250 'C but when molten has a ready capacity for removing the surface oxide film from aluminium at temperatures below 250 C Thus, the aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride component of the molten composition promptly removes the surface oxide film from the aluminium and forms a bare aluminium surface which reacts readily with the heavy metal chloride content of the composition at slightly higher temperatures within the range of 250 to 300 C As the heavy metal itself is thus deposited on the bare aluminium surface, the composition becomes depleted of its heavy metal chloride content. When there is a higher melting point phase present, the heavy metal chloride content of the composition is restored to its initial amount by the transfer of a corresponding amount of the heavy metal chloride content of the higher melting point phase to the composition In this way, the aluminium chloride-alkali metal chloride component of our composition functions simultaneously as 70 the aluminium oxide-removing agent and as the carrier for bringing all of the heavy metal content of the entire composition into reactive contact with the oxide-freed aluminium surface All of this can be accom 75 plished at temperatures below 250 C by the use of our soldering composition, and such temperatures can readily be obtained at the aluminium surface in spite of the abnormally high rate at which heat is conducted by the 80 aluminium away from this surface. The soldering composition of our invention, because of its pronounced ability in the molten state to wet and flow over an aluminium surface, penetrates into joints so 85 effectively that close mechanical tolerances may be maintained for the parts to be soldered The metal of the heavy metal chloride is thus deposited in the joint between adjacent aluminium (or aluminium-other 90 metal) surfaces And possibly because of thermal diffusion the deposited metal generally becomes an alloy of that metal and the aluminium with a strength which is usually greater than that of the parts joined by the 95 solder. The following examples will illustrate the preparation and use of the soldering composition of our invention: Example 1 A soldering composition was 100 made by heating in a melting vessel 60 parts by weight of aluminium chloride (Al C 13) under a blanket layer of 20 parts by weight of sodium chloride The temperature of the mixture was maintained at 300 'C until a 105 clear homogeneous melt had formed To this molten mixture, 20 parts by weight of molten zinc chloride (Zn Cl) were added, and the resulting melt was well stirred during cooling The solidified mass was then pulver 110 ized To solder an aluminium joint the powder was spatulated along the joint to

be made and the joint was heated to the fusion point of the soldering composition (about IC) The heat was applied until the flux 115 began to fume During fuming, the oxide on the aluminium was replaced by a bright metal layer which was readily visible On cooling, the soldered part was washed in water to remove any residual flux It is to 120 be noted that in the joining operation no extraneous metal or alloy solder was used. Example 2 A solder composition was made by melting 60 parts by weight of aluminium chloride (Al C 13) under a blanket 125 layer of a mixture of 20 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 20 parts by weight of stannous chloride (Sn C 12) at 300 WC After going through a mushy state, the entire melt became a liquid of low viscosity Constant 130 784,802 stirring at this stage ensures the homogeneity of the melt After solidification, the solid mass was pulverized and the powder was ready to use The method of application of this solder composition was similar to that described in Example 1 As mentioned in Example 1, no other metal or alloy solder was needed in the joining operation.
