PPPP
PHN TCH THC PHMPHN TCH THC PHM
X L MUX L MUX L MUX L MU
PPPP
XX LL MUMU
XX ll mumu ll ququ trnhtrnh hoho tantan vv phnphn huhu mumu,,chuynchuyn chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh vv trngtrng thithi phph hphp viviququ trnhtrnh phnphn tchtch..
PPPP
LL DODO CNCN XX LL MUMU
ktkt ququ phnphn tchtch phnphn nhnh vv ii dindin ngngchocho ii tngtng cncn kimkim nghimnghim..
aa cccc chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh vv mtmt trngtrng thithithchthch hphp chocho phpphp oo,, theotheo phngphng phpphp phnphn tchtch chnchn.. chnchn..
chtcht phnphn tchtch cc thth tntn titi trongtrong trngtrng thithibnbn vngvng vv phph hphp vivi kk thutthut oo
aa cucu tt phnphn tchtch tt nhiunhiu trngtrng thithi khckhc nhaunhau
trongtrong mumu vv mtmt trngtrng thithi ngng nhtnht
PPPP
YuYu cucu::
LyLy cc honhon tonton,, khngkhng lmlm mtmt chtcht phnphn tchtch
KhngKhng lmlm nhimnhim bnbn thmthm
CC thth lmlm giugiu mumu
KtKt ququ xx ll phiphi phph hphp vivi PPPTPPPT chnchn KtKt ququ xx ll phiphi phph hphp vivi PPPTPPPT chnchn
PPPP
YUYU TT NHNH HNGHNG NN XX LL MUMU
ii tngtng mu,mu, matrixmatrix caca mumu..
BnBn cht,cht, tnhtnh chtcht caca cccc chtcht cncn phnphn tchtch..
TrngTrng thithi tntn ti,ti, cucu trctrc vtvt ll hoho hchc caca
cccc chtcht trongtrong mumu..
PhngPhng phpphp phnphn tchtch cc lala chnchn xcxc
nhnh chngchng..
HmHm lnglng caca chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh mcmc nono
trongtrong mumu
PPPP
PHNPHN LOILOI
PhnPhn loiloi theotheo haha hchc phnphn tchtch
MuMu cc chtcht nnnn huhu cc
MuMu cc chtcht nnnn vv cc
PhnPhn loiloi theotheo trngtrng thithi tntn titi
MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi khkh MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi khkh
MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi lnglng
MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi rnrn vv bnbn rnrn
PhnPhn loiloi theotheo nhmnhm ngnhngnh
MuMu cngcng nghipnghip
MuMu nngnng nghipnghip
MuMu dndn dngdng vv sinhsinh hothot
MuMu tt nhinnhin
PPPP
22.. CCCC KK THUTTHUT XX LL MUMU
22..11.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho tt
22..22.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh
22..33.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh-- tt ktkt hphp22..33.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh-- tt ktkt hphp
22..44.. CcCc kk thutthut chitchit
22..55.. CcCc kk thutthut scsc kk
PPPP
22..11.. KK THUTTHUT VV CC HAHA TT
22..11..11.. VV cc haha bngbng acidacid cc nngnng
22..11..22.. VV cc haha bngbng kimkim nngnng chychy
PPPP
22..11..11.. VV CC HAHA BNGBNG ACIDACID CC NNGNNG
22..11..11..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp
DaDa vovo tnhtnh axitaxit vv tnhtnh oxyoxy haha caca cccc axitaxit thcthc hinhin ququ trnhtrnh phph mumu nhnh :: HClHCl..HNOHNO33,,HH22SOSO44,, HClOHClO44HH22SOSO44,, HClOHClO44
TyTy vovo bnbn chtcht caca cccc axitaxit cngcng nhnh thnhthnh phnphnhnhn hphp axitaxit mm toto rara nhngnhng nhitnhit khckhc nhaunhau
PPPPViVi axitaxit nn
AxitAxit HClHCl HNOHNO33 HH22SOSO44 HH33POPO44 HClOHClO44 HFHF
Nng (%)Nng (%) 3636 6565 9898 7878 7272 4040
T(si) T(si) ooCC 110110 121121 280280 213213 203203 120120
ViVi hnhn hphp axitaxit
Loi hn hp caLoi hn hp caThnh phn Thnh phn
(V/V)(V/V)Nhit si Nhit si ooCCLoi hn hp caLoi hn hp ca
(V/V)(V/V)Nhit si Nhit si CC
((HClHCl/HNO/HNO33)) 3/13/1 116116--118118
(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44)) 4/14/1 130130--135135
(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 )) 3/23/2 150150--155155
(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 ++ HclOHclO44 )) 4/2/24/2/2 137137--140140
(HF+(HF+ HH22SOSO44 )) 2/12/1 130130--150150
(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 ++ HF)HF) 2/1/12/1/1 120120--130130
PPPP
22..11..11..22.. CCCC QUQU TRNHTRNH XYXY RARA KHIKHI XX LL MUMU
SS phph vv mngmng lili cucu trctrc
QuQu trnhtrnh oxyoxy haha khkh
SS tt chychy,, phph hyhy cccc hphp chtcht huhu cc
SS toto rara cccc hphp chtcht phcphc bnbn,, tt phnphn lyly SS toto rara cccc hphp chtcht phcphc bnbn,, tt phnphn lyly
ToTo rara hphp chtcht dd baybay hihi
SS ktkt tinhtinh hayhay ktkt tata (c(c th)th)
PPPP
22..11..11..33.. CCCC LOILOI XX LL TT
TrongTrong iuiu kinkin thngthng
TrongTrong nini pp sutsut
TrongTrong ll vivi sngsng
PPPP
2.1.1.4. U NHC IM CA PHNG PHP2.1.1.4. U NHC IM CA PHNG PHP
HuHu nhnh khngkhng bb mtmt cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch NhngNhng thithi giangian phnphn huhu mumu rtrt didi TnTn nhiunhiu axitaxit cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao DD bb nhimnhim bnbn khikhi xx ll trongtrong hh hh,, dodo mimi DD bb nhimnhim bnbn khikhi xx ll trongtrong hh hh,, dodo mimi
trngtrng hayhay axitaxit dngdng PhiPhi uiui acidacid dd nnnn dd bb nhimnhim bnbn KK thutthut nyny chch yuyu xx ll mumu phnphn tchtch cccc
chtcht chuchu nhitnhit.. KK thutthut nyny khngkhng dngdng tchtchcccc chtcht huhu cc
PPPP
VV dd:: XX ll mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh cccc kimkim loiloinngnng nhnh:: Cd,Cd, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Ni,Ni, PdPd,, ZnZn..
LyLy 55..00010001gg mumu nghinnghin mnmn vv trntrn uuvovo bnhbnh KendanKendan,, thmthm 6060 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, 55 mLmLHH22SOSO44 9898%%,, lclc uu vv unun nhnh chocho mumu sisi vvHH22SOSO44 9898%%,, lclc uu vv unun nhnh chocho mumu sisi vvphnphn hy,hy, chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdch mumu trongtrongkhngkhng mumu ((66--88hh tyty loiloi mu)mu)..
NnNn mumu ++ HNOHNO33 ++ HH22SOSO44 MeMexx(NO(NO33))yy ++MeMenn(SO(SO44))mm ++ HH22OO ++ COCO22 ++ NONO22..
PPPP
22..11..22.. XX LL BNGBNG KIMKIM NNGNNG
22..11..22..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp
DngDng cccc dungdung dchdch kimkim mnhmnh hayhay hnhn hphp kimkimmnhmnh vv muimui kimkim hoihoi kimkim hayhay peroxideperoxide nngnng caocao ((khongkhong 1010 --2020%%),), phnphn hyhy mumu phnphn tchtchtrongtrong iuiu kinkin unun nngnng trongtrong bnhbnh KendanKendan hayhaytrongtrong iuiu kinkin unun nngnng trongtrong bnhbnh KendanKendan hayhaytrongtrong hphp knkn,, hochoc trongtrong ll vivi sngsng..
PPPP
2.1.2.2. CC QU TRNH XY RA
PhPh vv cucu trctrc nnnn mu,mu, chuynchuyn chtcht phnphntchtch vv dngdng dungdung dchdch
CcCc chtcht caca mumu tngtng tctc vivi kimkim toto rarasnsn phmphm tantan cc
CC thth sinhsinh rara cccc khkh baybay rara gipgip mumu haha tantan CC thth sinhsinh rara cccc khkh baybay rara gipgip mumu haha tantantttt hnhn
CC thth toto rara cccc hphp chtcht bn,bn, tt phnphn lyly vvtantan trongtrong dungdung dchdch
ToTo rara cccc snsn phmphm ktkt tata vivi nnnn mumu
PPPP
2.1.2.3. U NHC IM V PHM VI NG DNG 2.1.2.3. U NHC IM V PHM VI NG DNG
uu imim:: ll huhu nhnh khngkhng lmlm mtmt cccc chtcht phnphntchtch,, nhtnht ll cccc nguynnguyn tt cc hphp chtcht dd baybay hihi vvcccc nguynnguyn tt,, cccc matrixmatrix caca mumu dd tantan trongtrong kimkim..
NhcNhc imim:: ll tntn nhiunhiu kimkim tt 1010 1515 lnln lnglng NhcNhc imim:: ll tntn nhiunhiu kimkim tt 1010 1515 lnln lnglngmumu.. SSauau khikhi xx ll phiphi trungtrung hoho bngbng axitaxit,, phaphalonglong mumu dd bb nhimnhim bnbn.. VV thth cchcch nyny chch ccdngdng chocho mtmt ss trngtrng hphp,, mm cchcch xx ll axitaxit chochoktkt ququ khngkhng tttt..
PPPP
2.2. K THUT V C KH2.2. K THUT V C KH
22..22..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp
KK thutthut xx ll khkh ll kk thutthut nungnung xx ll mumu trongtrongll nungnung mtmt nhitnhit thchthch hphp,, songsong thcthc chtcht yychch ll bcbc uu tintin caca ququ trnhtrnh xx ll mumu.. MuMu sausaukhikhi nungnung cc hoho tantan bngbng dungdung dchdch muimui hayhay dungdungkhikhi nungnung cc hoho tantan bngbng dungdung dchdch muimui hayhay dungdungdchdch axitaxit phph hphp,, chuynchuyn vv dngdng dungdung dchdch,, sausau xcxc nhnh theotheo phngphng phpphp chnchn..
PPPP
33 bcbc chnhchnh
LmLm khkh mumu
ThanThan hoho mumu
TroTro hoho mumu
PPPP
22..22..22 CCCC QUQU TRNHTRNH XYXY RARA
LmLm baybay hihi ncnc trongtrong mumu
SS trotro haha,, tt chychy chtcht mnmn,, cccc chtcht huhu cckhckhc caca mumu
PhPh vv cucu trctrc banban uu caca nnnn mumu,, chuynchuynsangsang cccc nnnn nn gingin hnhnsangsang cccc nnnn nn gingin hnhn
QuQu trnhtrnh oxyoxy haha khkh thaythay ii ss oxyoxy haha cacacccc nguynnguyn tt trongtrong mumu
GiiGii phngphng mtmt ss khkh nhnh CO,CO, COCO22,, SOSO22
CC thth cc mtmt ss tngtng tctc haha hchc giagia cccc chtchttrongtrong mumu vivi nhaunhau vv vivi phph giagia thmthm vovo totorara cccc chtcht mimi..
PPPP
Loi mu Ph gia Nhit Sn phm sau khi nung
t st KOH+Na2O2 550-650 Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+H2O
Qung Silicat
KOH+Na2O
2 500-600 Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+H2O+MeX
Qung Ferrit 550-600 FeO+Fe2O3+SO2+H2O
Qung CuS 550-600 CuO+SO2+H2O + MenXm
Dolomit 550-650 CaO+MgO+H2O+CO2+ MenXm
LnCO3FxH
2O 550-650 Ln2O3+CO2+HF+H2O +MenXm
Nha ng 550-650 MexOy+CO2+SO2+H2O+MenXm
Thc phm
KNO3+HNO
3 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+ KxXy+NO
Rau qu KNO3+HNO3 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+ KxXy+NO
Rau qu 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+MenXm
Cht hu c 500-600 MexOy + CO2 + H2O + (NOx)
PPPP
22..22..33.. CCCC YUYU TT NHNH HNGHNG NN QUQUTRNHTRNH NUNGNUNG
NhitNhit nungnung
ThiThi giangian nungnung
ChtCht phph giagia:: BoBo vv cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch khngkhng bbmtmt vv lmlm chocho ququ trnhtrnh phnphn hyhy mumu nhanhnhanh hnhnmtmt vv lmlm chocho ququ trnhtrnh phnphn hyhy mumu nhanhnhanh hnhn
PPPP
2.2.4. U 2.2.4. U NHC IM V PHM VI NHC IM V PHM VI S DNGS DNG
ChCh yuyu tintin hnhhnh trntrn nhngnhng mumu cc hmhm lnglngchtcht khkh cao=>cao=>
ThaoThao tc,tc, cchcch tintin hnhhnh vv trangtrang thitthit bb nn gingin
KhngKhng phiphi dngdng nhiunhiu axidaxid cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao.. XXll cc trittrit ,, nhtnht ll cccc mumu nnnn huhu cc..ll cc trittrit ,, nhtnht ll cccc mumu nnnn huhu cc..
tt chychy htht cccc chtcht huhu cc,, vv thth lmlm dungdung dchdchmumu thuthu cc schsch
NhcNhc imim:: cc thth mtmt mtmt ss chtcht dd baybay hihi,, vv ddnhnh Cd,Cd, PbPb,, Zn,Zn, SnSn,, SbSb,, vv..vv.. nunu khngkhng cc chtcht phphgiagia vv chtcht bobo vv..
PPPP
VV dd:: TroTro haha khkh mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh kimkimloiloi (Na,(Na, K,K, Ca,Ca, Mg,Mg, Cd,Cd, Co,Co, Cr,Cr, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Mn,Mn, Ni,Ni, Pb,Pb,Zn)Zn)..
CnCn 55..00010001gg mumu vovo chnchn thchthch anh,anh, emem sysykhkh tt tt chocho nn khikhi mumu khkh en,en, riri ememnungnung 33 gigi uu nhitnhit 450450ooC,C, sausau nngnnglnln 530530--550550ooCC chocho nn khikhi mumu htht thanthan en,en, thuthulnln 530530--550550ooCC chocho nn khikhi mumu htht thanthan en,en, thuthucc mumu trotro trngtrng..
CnCn 55..00010001gg mumu vovo chnchn thchthch anh,anh, thmthm 11 ggKNOKNO33,, 55 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, trntrn uu vv unun nhnh chochomumu sisi uu vv chocho nn khkh enen.. NungNung mumu nhitnhit 450450ooCC trongtrong 33 gi,gi, sausau nngnng lnln 500500--530530ooC,C, nn khikhi htht thanthan en,en, thuthu cc mumu trotrotrngtrng..
PPPP
CCXXppmppm
Cch tro haCch tro ha Ph gia bo Ph gia bo vv
Nhit Nhit ((ooC)C)
HS thu hi (%)HS thu hi (%)
PbPb 1010 tt::HNOHNO33+HClO+HClO44HNOHNO33+HClO+HClO44+H+H22SOSO44HNOHNO33+H+H22SOSO44KhKh
KhngKhng 450450550550650650
9797--1001009393--98989090--9494
9797--1001009393--95957171--8383
HH22SOSO44
HNOHNO33
Mg(NOMg(NO33))22
650650450450550550650650450450550550650650450450550550650650
7171--83839797--99999595--97979090--96969797--99999797--99997070--84849898--99999292--95959191--9696
PPPP
22..33.. KTKT VV CC HOHO KHKH--TT KTKT HPHP
22..33..11.. NguynNguyn tctc
XX ll ss bb bngbng phngphng phpphp tt
ThcThc hinhin ququ trnhtrnh nungnung mumu
HaHa tantan mumu bngbng dungdung mimi thchthch hphp
22..33..22.. uu imim22..33..22.. uu imim
TnTn dngdng cc uu imim caca cc haihai phngphng phpphp
RtRt ngnngn thithi giangian
GimGim chichi phph
CchCch nyny khngkhng dngdng xcxc nhnh cccc chtcht huhu cc
PPPP
VV dd:: XX ll mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh kimkim loiloi (Na,(Na, K,K, Ca,Ca,
Mg,Mg, Cd,Cd, Co,Co, Cr,Cr, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Mn,Mn, Ni,Ni, Pb,Pb, ZnZn))
LyLy 55..00000000gg mumu raurau nghinnghin mnmn vovo chnchn nung,nung,
thmthm 55 mLmL HNOHNO33 4545%% vv 55 mLmL Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 55%%,, trntrn u,u, riri
sy,sy, hayhay unun nhnh trntrn bpbp inin chocho mumu si,si, cc cncn nn
khkh thnhthnh thanthan enen.. SauSau emem nungnung lclc uu 400400--450450khkh thnhthnh thanthan enen.. SauSau emem nungnung lclc uu 400400--450450
ooCC trongtrong 33 gi,gi, riri nngnng lnln 550550ooC,C, nn htht thanthan enen.. HoHo
tantan trotro thuthu cc trongtrong 2020 mLmL dungdung dchdch HClHCl 11//11 vv cc
thmthm 11 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, unun nngnng chocho tan,tan, lmlm baybay hihi htht
axitaxit dd nn cncn muimui m,m, nhnh mcmc bngbng dungdung dchdch HClHCl
22%% thnhthnh 2525 mLmL..
PPPP
PPPP
xcxc nhnh hmhm lnglng proteinprotein trongtrong uu phngphng,, tintin hnhhnh cncn 11gg mumuchocho vovo bnhbnh KjeldahlKjeldahl vivi 2020mlml HH22SOSO44,, 22gg CuSOCuSO44::KK22SOSO44 33::11.. yy bnhbnhbngbng phuphu nhnh vv nghingnghing 11 gcgc 4545oo giagia nhitnhit tt tt nn 400400ooCC trongtrongkhongkhong 1010hh chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdch trongtrong sutsut mumu xanhxanh ll,, nguingui..
ChunChun bb bnhbnh hnghng bngbng 100100mlml dungdung dchdch HH22SOSO44 00..11NN vovo erlenerlen 250250mlmlvivi 33 gitgit MRMR 11%%,, sausau chuynchuyn dungdung dchdch vv cc haha vovo hh thngthngchngchng ctct,, chocho 33 gitgit PPPP 11%% vv dngdng NaOHNaOH 3030%% chnhchnh vv pHpH kimkimyuyu,, sausau chocho thmthm dd 22mlml NaOHNaOH 3030%%,, khakha phuphu vv tintin hnhhnh chngchng
BI TP 3BI TP 3
yuyu,, sausau chocho thmthm dd 22mlml NaOHNaOH 3030%%,, khakha phuphu vv tintin hnhhnh chngchngctct nhmnhm uiui htht NHNH33 vovo bnhbnh hnghng..
nhnh lnglng HH22SOSO44 00..11NN dd bngbng NaOHNaOH 00..11NN chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdchchuynchuyn thnhthnh mumu vngvng nhtnht,, VVNaOHNaOH 00..11NN tiutiu tntn == 3535mlml.. TinTin hnhhnh xcxcnhnh mumu trngtrng vivi cccc bcbc tngtng tt nhnh trntrn,, VVNaOHNaOH tiutiu tntn == 9797mlml..
VitVit phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara
XcXc nhnh hmhm lnglng nitnit tonton phnphn cc trongtrong mumu,, tnhtnh theotheo khikhilnglng khkh bitbit mumu cc hmhm mm ll 1616%%..
PPPP
PhngPhng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng
QuQu trnhtrnh vv cc haha mumuXTXT,, ttoo
RCH(NHRCH(NH22)COOH)COOH ++ HH22SOSO44 COCO22 ++ SOSO22 ++ NHNH33 ++ HH22OO
22NHNH33 ++ HH22SOSO44 (NH(NH44))22SOSO44
QuQu trnhtrnh chngchng ctct QuQu trnhtrnh chngchng ctct
22NaOHNaOH ++ (NH(NH44))22SOSO44 NaNa22SOSO44 ++ 22NHNH33 ++ HH22OO
22NHNH33 ++ HH22SOSO44 ((NHNH44))22SOSO44
QuQu trnhtrnh nhnh phnphn
22NaOHNaOH ++ HH22SOSO44 NaNa22SOSO44 ++ 22HH22OO
PPPP
xcxc canxicanxi trongtrong thcthc nn giagia sc,sc, ngingi tata cncn khongkhongmumu cc mm11 == 4242..45374537gg (khi(khi lnglng chnchn vv mu),mu), tintinhnhhnh sysy mumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighilili khikhi lnglng (m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan ha,ha, trotro hahamu,mu, sausau haha tantan trotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdngNHNH44OHOH vv HClHCl vivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tata honhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktktta,ta, sysy ktkt tata 105105ooCC trongtrong thithi giangian 22hh (n(n khikhilnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht mm (m(m ==
BI TP 4BI TP 4
lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht mm (m(m33 ==3232..12471247g)g).. ((22))
aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara
bb.. TnhTnh hmhm mm caca mumu TAGSTAGS trn?trn?
cc.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo KLKL khkh
BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chn,chn, mmoo == 2929..23422342gg
PPPP
xcxc canxicanxi trongtrong thcthc nn giagia sc,sc, ngingi tata cncn khongkhong mumucc mm11 == 4242..45374537gg (khi(khi lnglng chnchn vv mu),mu), tintin hnhhnh sysymumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighi lili khikhi lnglng(m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan ha,ha, trotro haha mu,mu, sausau haha tantantrotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdng NHNH44OHOH vv HClHCl vivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tata honhon tontonvivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt ta,ta, nungnung ktkt tata 500500
ooCC trongtrong thithigiangian 22hh (n(n khikhi lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht
BI TP 5BI TP 5
giangian 22hh (n(n khikhi lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh hthtm,m, lmlm mm tata bngbng dungdung dchdch (NH(NH44))22COCO33 bobo ha,ha, sysy 105105ooCC nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng i,i, cncn vv ghighi lili khikhi lnglng (m(m33== 3232..12471247g)g).. ((33))
aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara
bb.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo khikhi lnglng khkh
BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chn,chn, mmoo == 3030..23422342gg
PPPP
xcxc nhnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi bngbng phngphng phpphp ktkt tataoxalateoxalate trongtrong thcthc nn giagia scsc,, ngingi tata cncn khongkhong 1010gg mumu,,tintin hnhhnh sysy mumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighilili khikhi lnglng (m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan haha,, trotro haha mumu,,sausau haha tantan trotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdng NHNH44OHOH vv HClHClvivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tatahonhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt tata,, nungnung ktkt tata
BI TP 6BI TP 6
honhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt tata,, nungnung ktkt tata 12001200ooCC trongtrong thithi giangian 22hh ((nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii),), cncn vvghighi lili khikhi lnglng (m(m33 == 3333..12471247gg))..
aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara
bb.. TnhTnh hmhm mm caca mumu TAGSTAGS trn?trn?
cc.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo KLKL khkh
BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chnchn,, mmoo == 3030..23422342gg
KhiKhi lnglng chnchn vv mumu,, mm11 == 4242..45374537gg
PPPP
22..44 KK THUTTHUT CHITCHIT
22..44..11.. CC ss caca phngphng phpphp DaDa trntrn cc ss ss phnphn bb khckhc nhaunhau caca chtcht
phnphn tchtch vovo trongtrong haihai dungdung mimi khngkhng trntrn lnlnvovo nhaunhau
HH ss phnphn bb ll mtmt hnghng ss vtvt ll cc trngtrngchocho ss chitchit,, chocho bitbit titi thithi imim cncn bng,bng, sschocho ss chitchit,, chocho bitbit titi thithi imim cncn bng,bng, ssphnphn bb caca cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch trongtrong 22 phapha khngkhngtrntrn lnln vovo nhaunhau theotheo tt ll nono
TrongTrong CCXX(A)(A) vv CCXX(B)(B) ll nngnng chtcht XX trongtronghaihai dungdung mimi AA vv BB..
)(
)(
BC
ACK
X
XD
PPPP
DungDung mimi khngkhng phnphn cccc ss hoho tantan tttt cccchphp chtcht cc tnhtnh khngkhng phnphn cccc
DungDung mimi phnphn cccc trungtrung bnhbnh ss hoho tantan ttttcccc hphp chtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc trungtrung bnhbnh
DungDung mimi phnphn cccc mnhmnh ss hoho tantan tttt cccc hphp DungDung mimi phnphn cccc mnhmnh ss hoho tantan tttt cccc hphpchtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc mnhmnh
CcCc chtcht gingging nhaunhau ss hoho tantan nhaunhau
PPPP
LULU TrongTrong btbt kk mtmt loiloi hphp chtcht thinthin nhinnhin nono cngcng cc
thth cc hphp chtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc kmkm vv loiloi hphp chtcht cctnhtnh phnphn cccc mnhmnh
ChitChit phnphn onon:: ii tt dungdung mimi cc phnphn cccc kmkm nnmnhmnh (do(do nhitnhit :: maringin,maringin, cucurminecucurmine.. DoDo pHpH nhnh))
KhiKhi tngtng nhitnhit ,, khkh nngnng hoho tantan caca dungdung mimi tngtnglnln vv nguynnguyn tctc trntrn cc nhiunhiu thaythay ii
DD toto nhnh tngtng =>=> chitchit trongtrong phapha rnrn
PPPP
22..44..22.. iuiu kinkin chitchit DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao
DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi haha tantan tttt chtcht phnphn tch,tch,nhnhngng khngkhng haha tantan tttt cccc chtcht cc trongtrong mumu
HH ss phnphn chitchit phiphi lnln
CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigii CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigiichitchit cc tttt
SS phnphn lplp khikhi chitchit phiphi rr rng,rng, nhanhnhanh vv ddtchtch snsn phmphm
PhiPhi thcthc hinhin lclc mnhmnh trongtrong ququ trnhtrnh chitchit
ChoCho thmthm chtcht chngchng toto btbt khikhi cncn cc ssphnphn lplp tttt
PPPP
22..44..33.. CcCc thngthng ss nhnh hnghng
phnphn cccc
HH ss phnphn bb
pHpH
NhitNhit
pp sutsut
PPPP
22..44..22.. iuiu kinkin chitchit DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao
DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi haha tantan tttt chtcht phnphn tch,tch,nhnhngng khngkhng haha tantan tttt cccc chtcht cc trongtrong mumu
HH ss phnphn bb chitchit phiphi lnln
CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigii CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigiichitchit cc tttt
SS phnphn lplp khikhi chitchit phiphi rr rng,rng, nhanhnhanh vv ddtchtch snsn phmphm
PhiPhi thcthc hinhin lclc mnhmnh trongtrong ququ trnhtrnh chitchit
ChoCho thmthm chtcht chngchng toto btbt khikhi cncn cc ssphnphn lplp tttt
PPPP
22..44..33.. CcCc kk thutthut chitchit
ChitChit lnglng--lnglng
ChitChit lnglng--rnrn
PPPP
CHITCHIT LNGLNG LNGLNG
CHITCHIT PHAPHA TNHTNH
CHITCHIT DNGDNG CHYCHY LINLIN TCTC
PPPP
CHITCHIT RNRN LNGLNG
ChitChit ngmngm kitkit
ChitChit ngmngm dmdm
ChitChit SoxhletSoxhlet
ChitChit KumagawaKumagawa
ChitChit lili cuncun hihi ncnc ChitChit lili cuncun hihi ncnc
ChitChit vivi sngsng
ChitChit siusiu mm
ChitChit pp lclc caocao
ChitChit siusiu titi hnhn
ChitChit trongtrong phapha rnrn
PPPP
ChitChit siusiu titi hnhn
PPPP
TnhTnh cht ca CSCOcht ca CSCO22 KhKh SiuSiu ti hnti hn LngLng
TT trng/g.mltrng/g.ml--11 1010--33 0.40.4 11
nht/Pasnht/Pas 1010--55 1010--44 1010--33
HH s khuch tn/cms khuch tn/cm22.s.s--11 0.10.1 1010--33 1010--55 -- 1010--66
PhnPhn ngng xyxy rara nhanh,nhanh, tctc phnphn ngng dodo ququ trnhtrnhkhuchkhuch tntn khngkhng chch.. HH ss khuchkhuch tntn cngcng ln,ln, tctc phnphn ngng cngcng tngtng
PPPP
GiGi trtr nhitnhit ,, pp sut,sut, tt trngtrng caca mtmt ss chtcht thngthnggpgp titi imim titi hnhn
ChtCht TTcc, K, K PPcc, atm, atm cc, g/ml, g/mlCOCO22 304.2304.2 72.972.9 0.470.47
NN22OO 309.7309.7 71.771.7 0.450.45
NHNH 405.6405.6 112.5112.5 0.240.24NHNH33 405.6405.6 112.5112.5 0.240.24
HH22OO 647.3647.3 218.3218.3 0.320.32
CHCH44 190.6190.6 45.845.8 0.160.16
MeOHMeOH 513.7513.7 78.978.9 0.270.27
EtOHEtOH 516.6516.6 63.063.0 0.280.28
BenzenBenzen 562.1562.1 48.348.3 0.300.30
PPPP
uu imim caca dungdung mimi COCO22 siusiu titi hnhn
KhngKhng cc hi,hi, khngkhng gygy chychy n,n, chichi phph thpthp(VD(VD:: HH22O,O, NHNH33,, NN22OO..))
CcCc chtcht thngthng tantan tttt trongtrong COCO22 STHSTH
TngTng cngcng ququ trnhtrnh truyntruyn khikhi trongtrong hh TngTng cngcng ququ trnhtrnh truyntruyn khikhi trongtrong hh
CcCc tnhtnh chtcht vtvt ll cc thth iuiu chnhchnh cc
BnBn vivi cccc tctc nhnnhn oxioxi hoho
DD phnphn ringring snsn phmphm
KoKo didi tuitui thth chtcht xcxc tctc
PPPP
LuLu chtcht siusiu titi hnhn cc cccc thngthng ss vtvt ll nmnmtrongtrong khongkhong binbin thinthin giagia lnglng vv khkh.. TuyTuynhinnhin trngtrng thithi siusiu titi hnhn thth cccc thngthng ssnyny cngcng thaythay ii ngng kk khikhi tt && PP thaythay ii
BngBng cchcch iuiu khinkhin ququ trnhtrnh gimgim pp sutsutthchthch hphp cc thth thth tchtch lnln ltlt cccc snsn phm,phm,xcxc tctc hochoc cccc chtcht dd chacha phnphn ngngxcxc tctc hochoc cccc chtcht dd chacha phnphn ngng
PhnPhn ringring snsn phmphm bngbng hh nhitnhit vv lclchochoc bcbc hihi dungdung mimi.. ii vivi snsn phmphm dngdngrnrn lmlm nguingui nhanhnhanh ss khngkhng chch cc thth hnhhnhhochoc kchkch thcthc htht caca snsn phmphm
PPPP
ChitChit trongtrong phapha rnrn
ScSc kk ll mtmt phngphng phpphp vtvt ll tchtch mtmt hnhnhphp gmgm nhiunhiu loiloi hphp chtcht rara ringring thnhthnh tngtngloiloi nn cht,cht, dada vovo tnhtnh ii lclc khckhc nhaunhau cacatngtng loiloi chtcht ii phapha ngng vv phapha tnhtnh
HiuHiu sutsut tchtch phph thucthuc nhiunhiu vovo hh ss phnphn HiuHiu sutsut tchtch phph thucthuc nhiunhiu vovo hh ss phnphnchiachia
KK == CCss/C/Cmm
CCss:: NngNng caca hphp chtcht trongtrong phapha tnhtnh
CCmm:: NngNng caca hphp chtcht trongtrong phapha ngng
PPPP
PhnPhn loiloi scsc kk theotheo hinhin tngtng xyxy raratrongtrong ququ trnhtrnh tchtch
ScSc kk phnphn chiachia
ScSc kk hphp thuthu
ScSc kk traotrao ii ionion ScSc kk traotrao ii ionion
ScSc kk lclc gelgel
PPPP
SCSC KK PHNPHN CHIACHIA
PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng hochoc khkh
PhaPha tnhtnh:: mtmt lplp chtcht lnglng mngmng cc ninilnln nhngnhng htht rn,rn, nhuyn,nhuyn, trtr
SS tchtch dada vovo hh ss phnphn chiachia gigi 22 pha,pha,phph thucthuc vovo khkh nngnng hoho tantan vv tnhtnh phnphnphph thucthuc vovo khkh nngnng hoho tantan vv tnhtnh phnphncccc
TnhTnh phnphn cccc caca phapha ngng gigi vaivai trtr quytquytnhnh
PPPP
SCSC KK HPHP THUTHU
PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng hochoc chtcht khkh
PhaPha tnhtnh:: chtcht rn,rn, nguyn,nguyn, mn,mn, cc tnhtnh trtr
SS tchtch dada vovo ss hphp thuthu hochoc dnhdnh lnln bbmtmt caca chtcht rnrn
SS hphp thuthu dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc phnphn tt SS hphp thuthu dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc phnphn ttlnglng cc,cc, dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc nhmnhmphnphn cc,cc, dodo cccc linlin ktkt hydro,hydro, lclc VanderVanderWaalWaal
PhaPha tnhtnh thngthng dngdng ll silicasilica gelgel hochocaluminalumin
PPPP
SCSC KK LCLC GELGEL
PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng
PhaPha tnhtnh:: chtcht rn,rn, hnhhnh cucu bngbng polymerpolymer trntrnbb mtmt cc nhiunhiu ll rngrng
SS tchtch ringring dada vovo nhngnhng phnphn tt cc kchkchthcthc nhnh chuichui vovo ll rngrngthcthc nhnh chuichui vovo ll rngrng
CcCc phnphn tt cc giigii ll rara khikhi ctct theotheotrngtrng lnglng phnphn tt gimgim dndn
PPPP
SCSC KK CTCT HH
KchKch thcthc htht 5050--150150mm
TT ll chtcht hphp thuthu vivi chtcht cncn phnphn tchtchkhongkhong 2525--5050 lnln theotheo trngtrng lnglng
ChiuChiu cao/cao/ ngng knhknh :: 88--1010//11
ThTh tchtch mumu:: V=V=00..44*D*D22 ThTh tchtch mumu:: V=V=00..44*D*D22
PPPP
SOLIDSOLID PHASEPHASE EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION (SPE)(SPE)
PPPP
SOLIDSOLID--PHASE EXTRACTIONPHASE EXTRACTION
PPPP
THIT LP IU KIN CHO NN HP TH L SILICA
SOLIDSOLID--PHASE EXTRACTIONPHASE EXTRACTION
Thm dung mi hu c lm sch v hot ha chui Alkyl- (C18, C8 Etc.)
Khng c ct b kh
PPPP
Chun b mu:Chun b mu:1 mL blackberry1 mL blackberry--juice c ha tan trong 2 mL juice c ha tan trong 2 mL nc ct.nc ct.Thit lp ctThit lp ct
V d 1:V d 1: Trch ly nhanh cht mu trong ungTrch ly nhanh cht mu trong ung
Thit lp ctThit lp ctA3 mL C18 (Baker: 7020A3 mL C18 (Baker: 7020--03) ct SPE c thit 03) ct SPE c thit lp vi 1ml metanol sau l nc ctlp vi 1ml metanol sau l nc ctThm mu v ra gii:Thm mu v ra gii:Mu sau khi chun b c cho vo ct sau Mu sau khi chun b c cho vo ct sau thm 5 ml nc ct ra gii nhng thnh phn thm 5 ml nc ct ra gii nhng thnh phn nh ng cht mu ca ng hay axit hu cnh ng cht mu ca ng hay axit hu c
PPPP
GiiGii hphp ::CcCc chtcht mumu nhnh [anthocyanines,[anthocyanines, flavonoids,flavonoids,tannins,tannins, alkaloidsalkaloids ll cc rara giigii quaqua ctct bngbngmetanolmetanol (hoc(hoc 22--propanol)propanol)PhnPhn tchtch ::PhnPhn tchtch ::CcCc chtcht cncn phnphn tchtch lclc nyny nmnm trongtrong dungdungdchdch rara giigii cc thth xcxc nhnh bngbng cccc phngphngphpphp nhnh :: GCGC hochoc LCLC vv..vv
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