NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/232
4 Types of enzymes are used for different detergents
Cellulase Cellulose Cotton, viscose
Carb
ohydra
ses
Amylase
Lipase
Protease
Starch
Triglycerides
Proteins
Examples
Rice, noodles,potatoes, corn
Organic fats and oils, sebum, lipstick
Substrate
Blood, egg, milkgrass, meat
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/234
Stain removal
Surfactants can remove most of the soils in laundry. Why do we need the enzymes?
Enzymes and surfactants generally work complementary, and together they can do the cleaning job at low temperature + mild pH
The following cartoon shows howenzymes degrade soil partiallyand surfactants bring the reminder into suspension
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/235
Removal of stain 1:The stain is bound to a surface
Stain
Substrate
Fibre
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/236
Removal of stain 2:A surfactant has been added
Soil
Fibre
Surfactant
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/237
Removal of stain 3:Enzymes are added and degrade available sites
Soil
Fibre
Surfactant Enzyme
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/238
Removal of Stain 4:The soil comes loose and goes into suspension
Soil
Fibre
Surfactant Enzyme
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/239
General principle of stain removal
Stain Clean vest Stain less visible
Stain no longer visible
Wash, no enzýmes
Wash with enzymes
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2310
Removal of invisible stains: redeposition
Conclusion: Enzymes give more permanent cleaning!
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes
Stain Washed Clean vest
Washed in dirty water, With enzymes
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2311
Removal of inorganic particulate soils
H2: washed with cleaning cellulase
H1: washed without cellulase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2312
Removal of fuzz and pills
With the care cellulase:Carezyme®
Without cellulase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2313
Enzymes boost the removal of …
• Food and plant stains in laundry and ADW
• Invisible impurities in laundry and ADW
• Particulate inorganic soils in laundry
• Fuzz and pills in laundry
BUT….. Which enzymes for what?
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2314
International brand support model
Basic performance
Life
styl
e
Aesthetics
Protease
AmylaseLipase
Cellulase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2317
Proteases from Novozymes
Alcalase® For low pH, soft on wool
Esperase® For high pH, mainly I&I*
Everlase® Relatively stable in presence of bleach
Savinase® High performance standard protease
Polarzyme® High performance low temp. protease
Ovozyme® Tolerates protease inhibitors from eggs
Relase® For liquid detergents
Coronase® For liquid detergents
*I&I = Industrial and Institutional cleaning
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2318
Proteases catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the peptide chain
Protease
-R1CH-CO-NH-CR2H- + H2O → -CR1H-COO- + +H3N-CR2H-
Proteases can provide:• stain removal• cleanliness• general whitening
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2319
Facts about proteases
Novozymes proteases have been used since 1963
Are used in 75 % of all detergents
Protease is a basic ingredient in laundry and ADW detergents
Protease effects cannot be substituted by any other ingredients
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2320
Protease effect on blood spots
not washed washed 3 times, no protease
washed 3 times,with protease
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2321
Stain removal with protease in laundry
Protease no yes
Protease no yes
Cocoa (CFT)
Blood (CFT)
Salmon paste (Equest)
Grass(Equest)
Spinach (Equest)
Olives (Equest)
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2322
Protease effect on blood spots Protease effect after 3 wash cycles and re-soiling
No protease
With Protease
Re-soiling
Re-soiling
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2323
Proteases perform well at high pH
Relative Activity (%)
The figure shows Alcalase versus Savinase
pH
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2324
Wash performance of polarzyme 12T
Unwashed
1) TOM (Tergotometer) is a small scale method simulating top loading US washing machine
25 °C, TOM1, Regular powder, 10 °dH, 20 min, EMPA 117 swatch
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2325
Protease sensitive test swatches:
CFT C-10 Pigment/Oil/Milk on cotton CFT C-03 Chocolate milk/Soot on cotton EMPA112 Cocoa on cotton CFT C-05 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton EMPA116 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton EMPA117 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton/polyester EMPA111 Blood on cotton CS-8 Grass on cotton PCS-8 Grass on cotton/polyester EMPA164 Grass on cotton WfK 10N Egg on cotton WfK 20N Egg on cotton/polyester
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2326
Low temperature profile of polarzyme
Activity temperature profile at pH 9
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (°C)
Re
lati
ve
ac
tiv
ity Polarzyme
Savinase
Activity profile of Polarzyme shifted towards lower temperatures maintaining activity at high temperature
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2327
Protease benefit tested in wash & wear test
Consumer wash and wear test: 70 men asked to wear a white cotton T-shirt
T-shirts collected and cut in half
One half washed in detergent with 0.1% Polarzyme 12T
Other half washed in well known non-biological brand
T-shirts sewed up, redistributed for another wearing and washing cycle (4 cycles in total)
After each cycle the person responsible for the family´s laundry was asked to rate the result
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2329
Protease benefit in wash & wear test
consumer preference for each performance attribute
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2330
Status for proteases
Protease is applied in laundry and ADW for complete removal of protein
Protease is recognised world-wide as a neccesary provider of basic detergency
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2332
Lipase mechanism
LipaseNo odor
Lipase Odor
+
+
Short chain fatty acids (C4 –C8)
Dairy soils
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2333
Lipases from Novozymes
Lipolase® Original lipase wild type lipase. Multi wash lipase
Lipex® First wash protein engineered Lipase. Stain
removal and anti redeposition effects.
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2334
Effects with Lipase
First Lipase introduced in 1988
First protein engineered lipase introduced in 1998
Lipase can to some extent replace surfactants
Remove fatty matter at low temperature
Provide stain removal
Give in-depth cleaning
Reduces redeposition
General whitening + Lipase
- Lipase
Lipstick
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2336
Lipase performance
Lipolase works best at low water concentration i.e. during drying of laundry
Lipex also works at high water concentrations such as in the main wash
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2337
Lipase for fat removal from outside of cotton fibres
no lipase with lipase
Lard
Sebum
Olive Oil
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2338
Lipase effect on inside of cotton fibres
Olive oilUnwashed
Olive oilWashed withdetergent
Olive oilWashed withdetergent &lipase
Cross sectional specimen of yarns soiled with olive oil
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2339
Lipase 1’st wash effect on polyester
washed without lipase
washed with lipase
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2340
Lipex - visual soil removal in 1st wash
No Lipex Lipex 500 LU/L
Lipex 1000LU/L
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2341
Anti-redeposition benefits after 1st wash- a secondary effect of Lipases
Unwashed textiles
- Lipex
+ Lipex
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2342
Status for Lipases
Lipase can be used in laundry for complete lipid removal especially at lower temperatures
Secondary effect of lipases are contribution to general cleanness by preventing redeposition of fats, oils and colorants
In depth cleaning of textile fibres
There is a smell issue that limits the dosage
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2344
Amylases from Novozymes
Termamyl® Original amylase for high temp.
Termamyl® Ultra Highly stable liquid amylase
Duramyl® Improved stability in the presence of bleach
Stainzyme® High performance “Stainfighter”. Performs well under low temperature
wash conditions
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2345
-Amylases
Amylases hydrolyse a-1,4-glucose-linkages randomly forming soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides
The viscosity of the gelatinized starch is reduced and the solubility enhanced
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2346
Removal of soils containing starch
Gelatinization and swelling are needed to make the starch susceptible to enzymatic breakdown
For most starchy foods, various degrees of gelatinization result from cooking
Amylases boost the removal of starch e.g. from pasta, potato, gravy, chocolate, and baby food
Amylases prevent starch from adhering to the surface of laundry and dishes and act as a glue for particulate soils
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2347
Removal of invisible starch stain
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes
Starch stain Washed in any detergent Clean vest
Washed in dirty water, With enzymes
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2352
Potato starch
CottonCFT CS-27
PolyesterCFT PS-27
NylonCFT NS-27
PolyacrylCFT PAS-27
Cotton/PolyesterCFT PCS-27
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine, temperature: 40°C, short programme
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2353
Rice starch
CottonCFT CS-28
PolyesterCFT PS-28
NylonCFT NS-28
PolyacrylCFT PAS-28
Cotton/PolyesterCFT PCS-28
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine, temperature: 40°C, short programme
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2354
Status for Amylases
Amylases important for stain removal in laundry
Amylases are to a large extent recognised as a provider of basic detergency in laundry
Amylases very important type of enzymes for dishwashing applications
Stainzyme launch is a break through in amylase technology
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2355
Cellulases from Novozymes
Celluzyme® first cellulase from NZ, colour clarification, prevents anti-redeposition,
tolerant towards LAS. Multi-component enzyme product. 1986.
Carezyme® colour clarification, care cellulase, high activity on cellulose fibres, sensitive to LAS. 1998.
Endolase® prevents anti-redeposition and maintain whiteness (in EU liquids). Works on soluble
cellulose. 1999.
Renozyme® colour clarification, robust towards anionic surfactants, cost effective cellulase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2356
Many cellulases have a domain structure
Catalytic Core HydrophilicLinker
Cellulose Binding Domain
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2357
“Cellulase” enzymes working together to degrade cellulose
Carezyme / Renozyme
CBH I
CBH II
EG
RNR
G
EG
EGEndolase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2358
Cellulase reactions
Cellulases hydrolyse b-1,4-glucose-linkages forming soluble dextrins
The substrate is water-rich amorphous cellulose In fibers this is especially found in stress points where the cellulose crystal structure is disrupted
Some cellulases are only active on soluble forms of cellulose
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2360
Cellulase effects
Fuzz removal (Color clarification)
Depilling / anti-pilling
Soil removal (cleaning)
Anti-redeposition
Softness
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2361
Endolase® antiredeposition effect
White cotton
Carbon soil
+
Wash
“Grey” cotton
Without cellulase
“Less grey ” cotton
With cellulase
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2362
Endolase® cleaning effects
Unwashed Wash 1 Wash 2 Wash 3
No Endolase EndolaseWhiteness
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2363
Status for cellulases
Big difference in effects of different cellulases
Color clarification & care: Celluzyme, Carezyme and Renozyme
Anti-redeposition & Cleaning: Celluzyme and Endolase
Cellulases can support both basic performance and aesthetics
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION18/04/2364
Factors influencing enzyme wash performance
Detergent composition
Enzyme concentration
Temperature
pH
Water hardness
Contact time
Type of soil
Type of wash system
Type of wash method
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