Skeletal System
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Functions of the Skeletal System
➢There are SIX main functions of the Skeletal System. These include:
1. Providing support for the body 2. Protecting internal tissues and organs 3. Acting as a framework for attached
muscles 4. Allowing movement of limbs and digits 5. Producing new red and white blood cells 6. Storing fat and minerals
Components of Skeletal System
➢There are THREE main parts of the skeletal system:
1. Bones 2. Connective
Tissue 3. Joints
Bone Structure
➢The outer layer is hard, densely packed, compact bone
➢Beneath the outer layer is spongy bone
▪Marrow: A tissue in the center of some bones ▪A less dense bone with cavities
filled with red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced ▪Some bones have yellow marrow,
which stores fat
Bone Categorization
➢Bones are categorized by shape. ▪ Long Bones
• Ex. humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia and fibula
▪ Short Bones • Ex. wrist bones▪ Flat Bones
• Ex. rib bone, scapula, and sternum
▪ Irregular Bones • Ex. vertebra, hip bone,
and skull bones
Connective Tissue
➢Cartilage ▪ Strong, flexible
connective tissue ▪ Acts as a cushion
between two bones
▪ Shapes soft parts of the body (i.e. ears, tip of nose)
Connective Tissue
➢Ligaments ▪ A band of connective
tissue that attaches one bone to another
▪ Ligaments attach to bones to create joints
➢Tendons ▪ A fibrous cord that
attaches muscle to the bone
1. Recall the percentage increase in sports related knee injuries in the last decade.
2. Explain why knee surgeries can disrupt a child's growth.
BIG IDEA
Joints
➢Joints are points in which bones meet ➢Some joints do not move (i.e. joints in
between bones of the skull)➢Flexible joints are joints that do allow movement and include:
▪Ball-and-socket joints ▪Hinge joints ▪Pivot joints ▪Ellipsoidal joints
Skeletal Problems
➢Fractures ▪ Hairline
• Occur when the parts of the bone do not separate
▪ Transverse • Occur when the fracture is completely across the
bone ▪ Comminuted
• Occur when the bone shatters into more than two pieces
Skeletal Problems
➢Injuries to Joints ▪ Dislocation
• Results when bones slip out of place
▪ Torn Cartilage • Results from a sharp blow to a joint
or a severe twisting of a joint ▪ Bursitis
• Results from painful inflammation of a bursa
– A burse is a fluid-filled sac that can help to reduce friction in joints
Skeletal Problems
➢Injuries to Joints Continued… ▪ Bunions
• Painful swellings of the bursae in the first joints of big toes.
– Wearing ill-fitted shoes make bunions worse
▪ Arthritis • Inflammation of a joint • Can result from an injury, natural wear
and tear, or disease • They can live normal lives if they
manage the disease
Skeletal Problems
➢Repetitive Motion Injury ▪ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell • Pressure on nerves cause numbness,
tingling in the thumb and forefinger, pain, and weakness in the hand
➢Scoliosis • Curving of the backbone • The spine curves to one side of
the body in an S-shape or C-shape.
Skeletal Problems
➢Osteoporosis ▪ The gradual loss of bone tissues ▪ Bones weaken and become brittle
Preventing Problems
Good health habits can keep your bones strong and healthy! • A diet that is rich in nutrients such as
protein, fiber, potassium, and vitamin C can help keep your bones stay strong
• Physical activity helps keep bones healthy and strong
• Good posture means the bones and joints in your back stay in place and your muscles are used properly
Health Lab!!
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