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The Second Industrial Revolution
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This revolution would not have been possible without inventors,
innovators, great captains of industry and the common man. • Nicolas Cugnot
• Charles and Fran !uryea
• "enry Ford
• Cornelius and #illiam $anderbilt
• %ames %. "ill
• &eland Stanford
• 'rville and #ilbur #right• (dwin !rae
• %ohn !avison Rocefeller
• (li)ah *cCoy
• "enry +essemer
• ndrew Carnegie
• "enry Clay Fric
• %.-. *organ• Samuel *orse
• leander /raham +ell
• Christopher Sholes
• /eorge #estinghouse
• Thomas (dison
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The /reat ge of Invention and Innovation
• Transportation
• Oil
• Steel
• Communications
• General Industrial and TechnologicalAdvances
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Transportation
• Nicholas Cugnot, a
French army officer is
generally given creditfor developing the
three heeled, steam
driven horseless
carriage in !"#$% Thecarriage as later used
in !""&%
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Charles and Fran !uryea built the first successful gasoline powered
automobile in the 0nited States. The auto was tested in September 1234.
Charles !uryea 512346 Fran !uryea 513786
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lin' to( autohistory
http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/cars/carhist.htmhttp://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/cars/carhist.htm
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"enry Ford and eleven other investors launched the Ford *otor Company in 1394. In
1314 Ford introduced the moving assembly line to mass produce his automobiles. +y
1312 half of all cars in merica were the Ford *odel T. Ford employed tens of
thousands of worers and used innovative business techni:ues to mae his company anautomotive giant.
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The innovations in automobile manufacturing gave mericans )obs,
greater mobility, and a sense of freedom that many had never
eperienced before.
1314 Ford *odel T Ford Country S:uire Station #agon
13;8 Ford
*ustang
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Railroads ruled the land in the mid and late 1299s and on into the
1399s. -eople such as Cornelius $anderbilt, %ames "ill, &eland
Stanford and many others built thousands of miles of trac and
lined the tlantic and -acific 'ceans by using the iron horse.
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)in'ing a nation * The Transcontinental +ailroad
lin' to( transconrr
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il-ur and Orville right
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!ecember 1
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The or' of the right .rothers continued/%
• After the first flight
the -rothers continued
the development of theairplane% On
Novem-er !#, !$&0
the right Flyer II
fle !"#& feet in 0&seconds%
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and continued%
• The right Flyer III%
The -rothers did not
mind pictures of their planes in flight, -ut
they feared close ups
due to the fact that
others may steal theirideas%
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Crude oil was nown to have eisted for hundreds of years. +y the mid>1299s demand
for oil was increasing greatly. The demand had to be met. (nterprising businessmen
began to drill. 'il wells popped up in -ennsylvania, 'hio, #est $irginia, Teas and
California.
&in to? +lac /old>Teas Tea>'il
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(dwin &. !rae and oil driller @0ncle +illyA Smith iced
off the oil boom in the 0.S. in Titusville, - in 1283.
&in to? !rae #ell *useum
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%ohn !avison Rocefeller eemplified the capitalist spirit of the day. "is
Standard 'il Company dominated the oil industry. The business practices of
vertical and horiBontal integration were used to almost wholly monopoliBe the
oil industry.
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Sir "enry +essemer patented a process in 1288>12;; that was called the +essemer
process. The process rapidly changed molten iron into steel. Steel could now be
produced more :uicly and cheaply. The process was later adopted in the 0nited
States where it would be responsible for changing the landscape of the nation.
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The egg>shaped container, usually lined with clay or dolomite 5calcium magnesium
carbonate6, was tilted down to pour molten iron into the top and then returned to a
vertical position. ir was then forced through channels in the bottom of the converter
causing a spectacular shower of flames to burst from the top. fter the burn, theconverter was tilted and the steel was poured out.
ndrew Carnegie?The ing of Steel
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ndrew Carnegie?The ing of Steel
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Carnegie,pictured in 12
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&in to? "istoric Steel
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The 1u2uesne or's ere once part of Carnegie Steel%
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A closed mill in 3oungston, Ohio
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The roots of +ethlehem Steel trace to 128< when iron was the main product. s time
progressed, both iron and steel were produced. fter the company changed names several
times, it finally became the +ethlehem Steel Corporation in 1397. Charles Schwab and
%oseph #harton formed what would become one of the most prominent steel corporations
in the world.
Charles Schwab %oseph #harton
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The .ethlehem Steel or's
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+ethlehem Steel filed for banruptcy in =991. In =994 the remnants of the company were
ac:uired by the International Steel /roup. n industrial giant was slain.
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)in' to( 4essage +eceived
(arly *orse telegraph and receiver
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The invention of the typewriter revolutioniBed communication.
Christopher Sholes was an inventor and innovator who helped to
transform merican society.
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