Objectives of the presentation
• Examine possibility of using cassava and tropical sugarbeet (TSB) as rotational crops so as to optimise cultivation as well as processing costs
• Whereas cassava is commercially cultivated over the past three centuries, TSB is a relatively new crop
• Traditionally sugarbeet is grown in the temperate climates
• The total area under TSB still remains at under 10,000 ha
• Though agronomically TSB seems promising, its processing is difficult as well as expensive
World production
FAOstat
World production of cassava root was estimated to be 184 million tonnes in 2002, the majority of production is in Africa where 99.1 million tonnes were grown, 51.5 million tonnes were grown in Asia and 33.2 million tonnes in Latin America and the Caribbean.
15 years of TSB development
Trials commence India
RSA, Kenya, Sudan
Colombia, Peru China, Thailand, Mexico
Peru Colombia
1995 2000 2005
Nanning, ChinaKenya Sudan Brazil
India
15 years of TSB development
Colombia2007
Colombia
Upper Egypt
RSA? Kenya?
Ethiopia?
2007
2007
Mexico?
India2006
Cassava and TSB Cultivation Practices
Cassava • Duration 8 to 10 M
(can be as high as 36M)• 30N to 30S• Rotation crops: Corn,
sorghum, vegetableslegumes, rubber, oil palm,(TSB??)
• Hand cultivation to semi-mechanised
• Relatively easy to cultivate
TSB•Duration 5 to 6 months(10 M in RSA at 30S, 1000 msl)•30N and 30S (Highlands aound equator)•Rotation crops: Corn,sorghum, vegetables (Cassava?)•Hand to fully mechanised
•Not an easy crop to cultivate
Cassava and TSB Cultivation
Cassava• Harvesting round the
year possible (Malaysia)• Water requirement: 600
to 1500 mm over 10M• Yield:18-25 M.T. / ha
(maximum 50 M.T./ha)• Starch content:20-30%• Ethanol:2,700-3,700 l
/ ha in 10 months
TSB•Harvesting between September and April in northern hemisphere•600 mm over six months
•60 – 80 M.T. /ha (maximum 210 M.T. / ha (50 M.T.of white sugar / ha) in 10 months•Sugar content: 14-18%•Ethanol: 4,800 – 10,000 l / ha in six months
Cassava and TSB processing
Cassava• Processing is relatively
easy• Done from small to
very large scale• Is versatile in terms of
form of raw material though dried chips is the most preferrred form
• Long term storage ofchips is possible
TSB•Processing is extremely complex
•The small beet factories have almost disappeared. Typically Capacity of a modern factory is minimum 10,000 MT/day•Has to be processed fresh• Long term storage not possible
Cassava and TSB : Comparative advantages
Time Water Yield Cultivation Processing Flexibility
TSB Cassava
Conclusion
• Cassava & TSB as rotational crops for Cultivation:
- Present date inadequate. Need to conduct
experiments / generate data to determine this
• Whether they are good partners for procesing
- Based on the preliminary analysis it does not
seem so
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