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Performance Analysis of Hierarchical
Routing Protocols in WirelessSensing Networks
With effect of variation in cluster size
Submitted To:
Er. Sandeep Singh Waraich
Lect. Computer Science Dept.
GNDU, Amritsar.
Submitted By:
Gurpreet Singh
Roll no. 2010CSB2021
M.Tech (CSE)
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Wireless Sensing Network
WSN is the ultimate technology in wireless communication that allows
network nodes to communicate without the need for a fixed infrastructure.
Wireless networks are usually composed of small, low-cost devices that
communicate wirelessly and have the capabilities of Processing, Sensing
and Storing
The purpose is to measure different physical parameters in a given
environment, in order to characterize its properties, or to take decisions
depending on these measurements.
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3
Enabling Technologies
Embedded Networked
Sensing
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WSN’s Architecture
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5
Wireless Sensor Network Applications
Military Applications
Environmental Applications
Health Applications
Home Applications
Industrial Applications
Other Commercial Applications
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6
Military
Remote deployment of sensors
for tactical monitoring of enemy
troop movements.
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7
Sensor Network
Gateway
Server
Internet
Watershed
SensorField
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8
Sensing Node
Gateway
Server
Internet
+
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Hardware Setup Overview
9
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Sensor Characteristics
Wireless sensors are small devicesthat gather information.
Pressure, Humidity, Temperature
Speed, Location
Wireless sensors have somecharacteristics:
Low power
Small size
Low cost
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Since the WSN nodes are typically battery equipped,
the primary design goal is to optimize the amount of
energy used for transmission.
For this we have various Routing Protocols
Primary Objective
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One-hop model
Multi-hop model
Hierarchical clustering
model
Routing Protocols
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Hierarchical clustering model
Some advantages of this model
comparing with multi-hop are
Data moves faster to the base station
thus reducing latency and that only
cluster heads perform data aggregationunlike multi-hop model where every
intermediate node perform this
optimization technique.
Therefore, the clustering-based
model is more suitable for time-critical
applications than the multihop model
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Hierarchical clustering Protocols
LEACH PROTOCOL: Low Energy Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy
PEGASIS PROTOCOL: Power-efficient GAthering in
Sensor Information Systems
TEEN PROTOCOL: Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient
sensor Network protocol
APTEEN PROTOCOL: Adaptive Threshold sensitive
Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol
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LEACH PROTOCOL It partitions the nodes into clusters.
In each cluster a dedicated node with
extra privileges called Cluster Head (CH)
is responsible for creating and
manipulating a TDMA (Time division
multiple access) schedule and sending
aggregated data from nodes to the BS
where these data is needed using CDMA
(Code division multiple access).
Remaining nodes are cluster members.
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LEACH PROTOCOL This protocol is divided into rounds; each
round consists of two phases:
Setup phase : Responsible for choosing
Cluster head.
Steady state phase : Responsible data
aggregation and transmission to BS.
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PEGASIS PROTOCOL Power-efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) is an
improvement of the LEACH protocol.
Rather than forming multiple clusters, PEGASIS forms chains from sensor
nodes so that each node transmits and receives from a neighbor and only
one node is selected from that chain to transmit to the base station (sink).
Gathered data moves from node to node, aggregated and eventually sent to
the base station. The chain construction is performed in a greedy way.
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Hierarchical PEGASIS PROTOCOL
It is an extension to PEGASIS, which aims at decreasing the delay incurred
for packets during transmission to the base station and proposes a solution to
the data gathering problem by considering energy * delay metric.
In order to reduce the delay in PEGASIS, simultaneous transmissions of data
messages are pursued.
To avoid collisions and possible signal interference among the sensors, two
approaches have been investigated. The first approach incorporates signal
coding, e.g. CDMA
In the second approach only spatially separated nodes are allowed to transmit
at the same time.
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Hierarchical PEGASIS PROTOCOL
The chain-based protocol with CDMA
capable nodes, constructs a chain of nodes,
that forms a tree like hierarchy, and each
selected node in a particular level transmits
data to the node in the upper level of the
hierarchy.
This method ensures data transmitting in
parallel and reduces the delay significantly.
Since the tree is balanced, the delay will be
in O(log N) where N is the number of nodes.
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Research Motivation
During literature survey in the problem domain I have seen there are
having many question or problem statement to which there also exist
some solution .
But among those question I have also found one somewhere less or
unanswered problem/Question which is, “what is the optimal cluster
size?”, In comparison to existing approaches, very little help is
available to answer this question. So for me to answer this question and
analyzing hierarchical routing protocol in contrast with variation in
cluster size will become strong motivational point.
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Problem Definition
As per Research motivation outlined in the
previous section, the problem statement is the
performance Analysis of the Hierarchical
routing protocols in WSNs with effect of
variation in cluster size.
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Dissertation Objective
And based on this the main objectives of the my research work are :
Simulative study of existing hierarchical routing protocol by
making cluster size variation and taking the values of various
performance metrics.
than compare them with the best existing Benchmark to analyze
the performance of the system.
If possible will try to purpose some modification in existing
LEACH protocol.
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REFERNECES
Kumar V., Jain S., and Tiwari S., “energy efficient clustering algorithms in WSNs”, 2011.
Sanjeev Saini, Ram Sewak Singh & V.K.Gupta “Analysis of Energy Efficient Routing
Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Communication”, Proceedings of the International
Journal of computer Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 113-118, January-June 2010.
P.T.V. Bhuvaneswari and V.Vaidehi, “Enhancement techniques incorporated in LEACH- A
Survey”, Proceeding of the Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.2 No 5, May
2009.
M. Bani Yassein, A. Al-zou'bi, Y. Khamayseh, W. Mardini, “Improvement on LEACH
Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (VLEACH)” Proceedings of the International Journalof Digital Content Technology and its Applications, Vol. 3, Number 2, June 2009.
Lan Tien Nguyen, Xavier Defago, Razvan Beuran, Yoichi Shinoda, “An Energy Efficient
Routing Scheme for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISWCS,
2008.
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REFERNECES
W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication
Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International
Conference on System Science, Vol. 2, Jan 2000.
S. Lindsey, C.S. Raghavendra, “PEGASIS: power efficient gathering in sensor information
systems”, Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 2002.
S. Lindsey, C.S. Raghavendra, K. Sivalingam, “Data gathering in sensor networks using the
energy*delay metric”, Proceedings of the IPDPS Workshop on Issues in Wireless Networks and
Mobile Computing, San Francisco, CA, April 2001.
A. Manjeshwar, D.P. Agrawal, “APTEEN: a hybrid protocol for efficient routing and
comprehensive information retrieval in wireless sensor networks”,Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and
Mobile computing, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 2002.
A. Manjeshwar, D.P. Agrawal, “TEEN: a protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor
networks”, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing
Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing , San Francisco, CA, April 2001.
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Thanks
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