22
CBRN THREAT BRIEF031UTD01
Prepared by:
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ADMINISTRATIVEADMINISTRATIVE
• Safety Requirements: None
• Risk Assessment: Low
• Environmental Considerations: No major environmental impact, training entirely of a classroom nature with no major impact on the environment, equipment, or personnel.
•Evaluation: None
44
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVEAction: Identify the current threat Action: Identify the current threat
environment and situations that U.S. Troops environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today.face today.
Conditions: Given an instructor led Conditions: Given an instructor led discussion in a classroom environment.discussion in a classroom environment.
Standards: Identified the current threatStandards: Identified the current threatEnvironment and situations that U.S. Troops Environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today to include;face today to include;
55
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identified locations of possible Identified locations of possible
deployments or conflicts with enemies deployments or conflicts with enemies of the United States.of the United States.
Identified possible enemies with NBC Identified possible enemies with NBC capabilitiescapabilities
Identified the different types of Identified the different types of Chemical and Biological AgentsChemical and Biological Agents
66
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Identified Protective measuresIdentified Protective measures Supervise unit for Nuclear attackSupervise unit for Nuclear attack Supervise unit for Biological attackSupervise unit for Biological attack Supervise unit for Chemical attackSupervise unit for Chemical attack
77
How did this happen?How did this happen?
88
Russia
• Formerly the Soviet Union and head of the WARSAW PACT
• Sold weapons during the “cold war” to nations now having ties to terrorists
• Conditions so bad WMD’s found missing or for sale by soldiers on the black market
031UTD01031UTD01 99
The Spread of Chemical Weapons
031UTD01031UTD01 1010
The Spread of Chemical Weapons
031UTD01031UTD01 1111
The Spread of Chemical Weapons
1212
The Results
China
North Korea
Iran Iran
2000+ Nukes, Advanced Chemical Program Claims Limited Bio Program
Possible 2-10 Nukes, Claims 200, 5000 Tons of Nerve, Blister, and Blood agents, Limited Bio Program, anthrax, plague, or yellow fever.
Small Nuke power program, no known weapons, Limited Bio program,small chemical stockpile from Iran-Iraqi war
1313
The Results
SyriaSyria
SudanSudan
RussiaRussia
No Nuke programLimited Bio ProgramChemical arsenal includes VX gas and Sarin
Dumping ground for other countries, No Nukes or Bio.Limited Chemical Program
Large modern Nuke program, Surviving Bio program Continues, Worlds largest stockpile of Chemical Weapons
1414
Summary/Check on Learning
What was the major incident that propagated the spread of WMD?
What are some countries that pose a major concern that posses WMD?
The ending of the cold war and breakup of the Soviet Union
China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Russia, Sudan
1515
Chemical VS BiologicalChemical VS Biological
Chemical agents are typically manmade Chemical agents are typically manmade through the use of industrial chemical through the use of industrial chemical processes.processes.
Biological agents are either replicating Biological agents are either replicating agents (bacteria or viruses) or non agents (bacteria or viruses) or non replicating materials (toxins) that can replicating materials (toxins) that can be produced by living organisms.be produced by living organisms.
1616
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTSCHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
BLOOD
CHOKING
BLISTER
NERVE
HYDROGEN CYANIDE
CLORINE, PHOSGENE
MUSTARD, LEWISITE
SARIN, VXNEW AGENTS
NOVICHOK
1717
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTSCHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
Advantages• Easy to produce with dual use technology
• Simple “homemade” agents available to terrorists, i.e. Sarin
• Easy to use on multiple targets and different delivery systems.
1818
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTSBIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS
TOXINS
Botulinum
BACTERIAAnthraxTularemiaPlague
VIRUSES
Saxitoxin
MycotoxinSEB
Snake,
spider,
etc.
Yellow feverVEE fever
SmallpoxHemorrhagicfever viruses
Q-Fever
1919
Advantages: • No reliable detection devices available• No recognizable signals to human exposure• Can specifically target personnel, crops,
livestock or specific kinds of material.
Disadvantages: • Ultimate consequences uncertain• Potential for international outrage
Biological Warfare Agents
2020
Nonlethal Agents
Riot Control Agents: Tear Gas Agents: CS, CN
Vomiting Agents: Adamsite, Diphenyl Chloroarsine
Incapacitants: Psychochemicals: LSD, BZ
2121
Delivery MeansDelivery Means
NBC Delivery Systems:NBC Delivery Systems: (1).(1). MissilesMissiles (2).(2). RocketsRockets (3).(3). BombsBombs (4).(4). ArtilleryArtillery (5).(5). MinesMines (6).(6). Remote piloted vehiclesRemote piloted vehicles (7).(7). SprayersSprayers
2222
Summary/Check on LearningSummary/Check on Learning
What is the difference between chemical and biological agents?
What are some chemical warfare agents?
What are some delivery systems?
Chemical agents are manmade, biological agents can be produced by living organisms
Blood, Choking, Blister, Nerve
Missiles, Rockets, Bombs, Artillery, Mines, RPV’s, Sprayers
2323
Conventional NBC TargetsConventional NBC Targets• Large numbers of
Troops or military vehicles.
• Bridges and highways.
• Large fixed sites such as Airfields
2424
Non-Conventional NBC TargetsNon-Conventional NBC Targets
Targets Include:
• Agriculture• Livestock• Water supplies
2525
Summary/Check on LearningSummary/Check on Learning
What are some conventional targets?What are some conventional targets?
What are some non-conventional What are some non-conventional targets?targets?
Troops, vehicles, bridges, highways
Agriculture, livestock, water supplies
2626
ADVISE ADVISE COMMANDER ON COMMANDER ON
NBC THREAT NBC THREAT
2727
ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT
Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the NBC threatNBC threat
Analyze the enemy's position and Analyze the enemy's position and capabilities on the battlefieldcapabilities on the battlefield
Advise on the appropriate protective Advise on the appropriate protective measures and MOPP levelmeasures and MOPP level
2828
ADVISE COMMANDER ON NUCLEAR THREAT
First strike policyFirst strike policy
Methods of employment and deliveryMethods of employment and delivery
Targets of threat tactical nuclear strikesTargets of threat tactical nuclear strikes
2929
ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Advise on tAdvise on the use of biological weapons:he use of biological weapons:
The United States will not use biological The United States will not use biological agents under any circumstancesagents under any circumstances
3030
ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Methods of employment and delivery:Methods of employment and delivery:
Airdropped packets RocketsAirdropped packets RocketsArtilleryArtillery
Aircraft sprayersAircraft sprayers SaboteursSaboteurs
MinesMines Infected insects and rodentsInfected insects and rodents
3131
ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Targets of threat biological weapons:Targets of threat biological weapons:
Food suppliesFood supplies
Water sourcesWater sources
Troop concentrations and convoysTroop concentrations and convoys
Population centersPopulation centers
3232
ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Types of threat biological weapons:Types of threat biological weapons:
Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, rickettsia and fungi.rickettsia and fungi.
Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use include botulism, tetanus and include botulism, tetanus and diphtheria.diphtheria.
3333
ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Advise on tAdvise on the use of chemical weapons:he use of chemical weapons:
US Armed forces will not use lethal or US Armed forces will not use lethal or incapacitating chemical agents.incapacitating chemical agents.
3434
ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Methods of employment and delivery:Methods of employment and delivery:
Fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraftFixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft
RocketsRockets
Surface-to-surface missilesSurface-to-surface missiles
ArtilleryArtillery
LandminesLandmines
3535
ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Targets of threat chemical attacks:Targets of threat chemical attacks:
Enemy positions in the forward battle areaEnemy positions in the forward battle areaEnemy defenses and their flanksEnemy defenses and their flanksNuclear delivery systemsNuclear delivery systemsHeadquartersHeadquartersAirfieldsAirfieldsArtillery positionArtillery position
3636
ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Types of threat chemical agents:Types of threat chemical agents:
NerveNerve
ChokingChoking
BlisterBlister
BloodBlood
Incapacitating AgentsIncapacitating Agents
3737
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Advise on the use of smoke:Advise on the use of smoke:
Used to attack and defeat specific enemy Used to attack and defeat specific enemy targets, sensors, target acquisition targets, sensors, target acquisition systems, weapon guidance systems, and systems, weapon guidance systems, and other electro-optical devices.other electro-optical devices.
3838
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Means of employment and delivery:Means of employment and delivery:
Smoke GrenadesSmoke Grenades
Smoke PotsSmoke Pots
Smoke GeneratorsSmoke Generators
Projected SmokeProjected Smoke
Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system (VEESS)(VEESS)
3939
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Smoke screens used by the threat:Smoke screens used by the threat:
Blinding SmokeBlinding Smoke
Camouflage SmokeCamouflage Smoke
Protective SmokeProtective Smoke
Decoy SmokeDecoy Smoke
Signaling Signaling
4040
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Advise on the use of flame:Advise on the use of flame:
The use of weapons that employ fire, The use of weapons that employ fire, such as tracer ammunition, such as tracer ammunition, flamethrowers and other incendiary flamethrowers and other incendiary agents, against targets requiring their agents, against targets requiring their use is not a violation of international law.use is not a violation of international law.
4141
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Means of employment and delivery:Means of employment and delivery:
Rocket LaunchersRocket Launchers
Incendiary grenadesIncendiary grenades
Flame Field ExpedienceFlame Field Expedience
4242
ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Types of flame weapons:Types of flame weapons:
Rocket propelled napalm projectileRocket propelled napalm projectile
Man-packed rifle type light flamethrowerMan-packed rifle type light flamethrower
Cart-mounted heavy flamethrowerCart-mounted heavy flamethrower
Tank-mounted flamethrower Tank-mounted flamethrower
4343
ADVISE COMMANDER ON THREAT NBC DEFENSE
Reconnaissance assets Reconnaissance assets
Protective equipmentProtective equipment
Decontamination capabilities Decontamination capabilities
4444
CHECK ON LEARNING
What are the types of threat BiologicalWhat are the types of threat BiologicalWeapons?Weapons?Pathogens and ToxinsPathogens and Toxins What are the means of employment and What are the means of employment and
delivery for the use of flame?delivery for the use of flame?Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame
Field ExpedientsField Expedients
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SUPERVISE UNIT SUPERVISE UNIT PREPARATION FOR PREPARATION FOR
NBC ATTACKNBC ATTACK
4646
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION NUCLEARNUCLEAR
- Ensure personnel are in shelters.- Ensure personnel are in shelters.
- Ensure personnel cover all exposed - Ensure personnel cover all exposed skin.skin.
4747
POSITION NUCLEARPOSITION NUCLEAR
- Ensure terrain is used effectively.- Ensure terrain is used effectively.
- Ensure shelter provides the best - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.protection.
4848
MATERIAL NUCLEARMATERIAL NUCLEAR- Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are - Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are dispersed.dispersed.
- Ensure existing cover provides protection and park - Ensure existing cover provides protection and park vans opposite of prevailing winds.vans opposite of prevailing winds.
- Keep flammable debris to a minimum.- Keep flammable debris to a minimum.
- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.
- Disconnect all power cables.- Disconnect all power cables.
- Store all electronics not in use.- Store all electronics not in use.
4949
UNIT NUCLEARUNIT NUCLEAR
- ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR - ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.
5050
CHECK ON LEARNING
Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what
steps would you complete to protect yoursteps would you complete to protect your
water and food supplies?water and food supplies?
Ensure all food and water are sealedEnsure all food and water are sealed
tightly in containers and secured undertightly in containers and secured under
available covered. available covered.
5151
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION BIO PROTECTION BIO
- Coordinate with medical personnel.- Coordinate with medical personnel.- Ensure personnel practice good - Ensure personnel practice good hygiene and field sanitation.hygiene and field sanitation.- Ensure soldiers are in good physical - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.condition.- Button up and cover exposed skin.- Button up and cover exposed skin.- Check protective mask and individual - Check protective mask and individual equipment.equipment.- Coordinate with supply personnel.- Coordinate with supply personnel.
5252
POSITIONPOSITION BIO BIO
Ensure terrain is used effectively.Ensure terrain is used effectively.
Ensure the shelter provides the best Ensure the shelter provides the best protection. protection.
5353
MATERIAL BIOMATERIAL BIO
- - Ensure all food and water are sealed Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.and covered.
- Ensure equipment and supplies not - Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered.used are covered.
- Ensure vans are parked opposite of - Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.prevailing winds.
5454
UNIT BIOUNIT BIO
- Ensure operators of biological - Ensure operators of biological sampling kits are ready and Chemical sampling kits are ready and Chemical detectors are prepared for use.detectors are prepared for use.
5555
CHECK ON LEARNING
What type of shelter provides the bestWhat type of shelter provides the best
protection from the effects of a Biologicalprotection from the effects of a Biological
agent attack?agent attack?
Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, buildings, tents and armored vehiclesbuildings, tents and armored vehicles
5656
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONINDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONCHEMICALCHEMICAL
- Ensure soldiers are in good physical - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.condition.
- Check protective equipment.- Check protective equipment.
- Assume appropriate MOPP level.- Assume appropriate MOPP level.
- Ensure individuals seek overhead cover.- Ensure individuals seek overhead cover.
- Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits - Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits are available.are available.
5757
POSITION CHEMPOSITION CHEM
- Ensure terrain is used effectively.- Ensure terrain is used effectively.
- Ensure shelter provides the best - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.protection.
5858
MATERIAL CHEMMATERIAL CHEM
- Ensure all equipment, supplies and Ensure all equipment, supplies and vehicles are dispersed.vehicles are dispersed.
- Ensure vans are parked opposite of Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.prevailing winds.
- Keep all food and water sealed and - Keep all food and water sealed and covered.covered.
5959
UNIT CHEMUNIT CHEM
- Ensure Chemical detection equipment - Ensure Chemical detection equipment is prepared for operation.is prepared for operation.
6060
CHECK ON LEARNING
What do you need to ensure for individual What do you need to ensure for individual protection for a chemical attack?protection for a chemical attack?
Ensure soldiers are in good physical Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition, check protective equipment for condition, check protective equipment for serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP level, seek overhead cover and ensure level, seek overhead cover and ensure decon and antidote kits are available.decon and antidote kits are available.
6161
SUMMARYSUMMARY
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