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Ethics
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Ethics is a branch of
Philosophy
Epistemology
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Types of Judgments
Descriptive Judgments in
PsychologySociology
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Types of Judgments
Normative Judgments in
Ethics
Law Aesthetics Religion
Custom
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Ethics is a body of principles or standards of
human conduct that govern the behaviour of
individuals and groups. Ethics arise not simply from man's creation but
from human nature itself thus, making it a
natural body of laws from which man's lawsfollow.
Ethics
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Ethics
Ethics is actually a branch of philosophy
and is considered a normative science
because it is concerned with the norms of
human conduct. As a science ethics mustfollow the same principles of logical
reasoning as other sciences.
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What is?
What ought to be?
How to we get from what is to what ought tobe?
What is our motivation for acting ethically?
Ethics
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Sources of Ethical Norms
Family
Friends
The Law
Regions of Country
Profession
Employer &
Employee
Media and Social
Networks
Fellow Workers
Society at Large
The Individual
Conscience
Religious Beliefs
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Motive Act Consequence
Types of Ethical Theory
Approaches to doing Ethics:
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Ethics and Religion
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Religion gives Ethical views
Explicit commandments
Implicit ideals
Provide models and exemplifies virtues
Divine Command theory
Why do we follow religions authority?
Ethics requires religious grounding or not?
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Ethical Reasoning
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To reason well and make a good case about
questionable ethical matters
Making a good and sound argument about
ethical matters
The Premises
The Conclusions
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Meta Ethics
Normative Ethics
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Meta Ethics
Meta-ethics is concerned primarily with the
meaning of ethical judgments and with the
notion of which properties, if any, are
responsible for the truth or validity thereof
Concerned with analyzing
ethical terms, ethical language,
and ethical statements
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Normative ethics is the study of what makesactions right and wrong
Asks basic questions about the good life,
about what is better and worse, about whetherthere is any objective right or wrong, and howwe know it if there is.
Normative Ethics
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Applied Ethics
Applied ethics is the philosophical
examination, from a moral standpoint, of
particular issues in private and public life that
are matters of moral judgment.
It is thus a term used to describe attempts to
use philosophical methods to identify the
morally correct course of action in variousfields of human life
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Applied Ethics
Decision ethics, or ethical theories and ethical decision
processes
Professional ethics, or ethics to improve professionalism
Clinical ethics, or ethics to improve our basic healthneeds
Business ethics, or individual based morals to improve
ethics in an organization Organizational ethics, or ethics among organizations
Social ethics, or ethics among nations and as one global
unit
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no reason to be ethical--as long as you aremaking money and staying out of jail
should be ethical but identify their ethical dutywith making a legal profit for the firm--no needto be ethical in any further sense-- no need for
any background beyond business and law
No point in studying Ethics as character ismade in childhood
Business Ethics-- why not?
Three approaches
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Business Ethics
The application of general ethical concepts
to the unique situations confronted in
business. It asks what is right or wrong
behavior in business and what principlesor rules can be used as guidance in
business situations.
Tells people what they ought to do
Provides the Set of principles or rules
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Business Ethics
Moral principles concerning acceptableand unacceptable behavior by business
people. Executives are supposed to
maintain a high sense of values and
conduct honest and fair practices with the
public
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Business Ethics
Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that
examines ethical principles and moral or ethical
problems that arise in a business environment.
In the increasingly conscience-focused
marketplaces of the 21st century, the demandfor more ethical business processes and actions,
is increasing.
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a code of principles based on values that
govern an organization's actions and
decisions.
Business Ethics
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Business ethics can be defined as written and
unwritten codes of principles and values thatgovern decisions and actions within a company.
In the business world, the organizations culture
sets standards for determining the difference
between good and bad decision making and
behavior.
Business Ethics
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Knowing the difference between right and
wrong.
Because unless you adhere to your own
personal code of ethics, it will be difficult topractice business ethics. Or to ask othersto follow them
Business Ethics
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Moral Responsibility and Accountability
Are these words interchangeable?
Responsibility can be shared
Accountability cannot be shared
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Accountability is:
A commitment one makes to onescommunities and to each other and affirmed in
ones Mission, Vision, and Core Value
Statements It means that one has an obligation to inform
partners and stakeholders of ones actions and
results
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Being accountable demonstrates:
One upholds not only the letter, but also the
spirit of the law;
One respects the rights and needs of the public
and each individual human being;
One maintains impartiality; and
One responsibly manages resources entrusted
to him/her
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Responsibility is:
an obligation that arises from tasks we assume,to accept the consequences arising from the
results of our decisions, actions, or inactions.
Being responsible involves the capacity todistinguish between right and wrong and to act
accordingly
The sources of moral responsibilityPast actions
Roles
Developed moral agency
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Moral responsibilities change over time and
between agents
They can be shared, and they can be contested.
Given the sometimes-fluid nature of moral
responsibility, identifying who is responsible for
what can be difficult.
Responsibilities are attached to our roles
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If one has the responsibility to commit an act or
to refrain from acting, one can be held toaccount
One can be morally responsible for some purelyself-regarding act without being accountable to
anyone
Moral responsibility assumes a capacity for
making rational decisions
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This justifies holding moral agents accountable for
their actions
Morality gives reasons for action
Moral agents must in principle be capable of
choosing to act morally
People who lack a capacity for rational decision-
making cannot be held morally responsible for their
actions.
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Levels of Responsibility
As team members, we are responsible for:
providing accurate and essential information to
the team leader,
performing tasks to the best of our abilities and
to the professional standard required,
identifying potential or real problems and
solutions, and
accounting for our decisions and actions
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As team leaders, we are responsible for:
clearly defining objectives with team members,
clarifying the extent of the authority of team members,
providing suggestions on how to accomplish a task, if necessary,
identifying skills needed for the job,
providing team members with opportunity for skill development,
building consensus,
removing barriers to successful completion of tasks -- includingteam members who are unwilling or unable to participate,
recognizing the contributions of team members, and
accounting for the decisions and actions of the team.
Levels of Responsibility
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A few conditions that supports
accountability
Everyone is accountable to themselves, each other, andthe communities they serve.
An atmosphere of trust is an essential prerequisite forempowerment.
Responsibility and authority to make decisions and/or toact is clearly understood and accepted.
The capacity and commitment to deliver quality serviceis recognized as an integral component of beingaccountable.
Measurement and evaluation are seen and used inconstructive ways to support continuous learning andquality improvement in our work
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